The clinical sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are in part dependent upon age and pre-existing health conditions. Although the use of tobacco products decreases cardiorespiratory fitness while ...increasing susceptibility to microbial infections, limited information is available on how smoking affects COVID-19 severity. Therefore, we examined whether smokers hospitalized for COVID-19 are at a greater risk for developing severe complications than non-smokers. Data were from all hospitalized adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection from the American Heart Association's Get-With-The-Guidelines COVID-19 Registry, from January 2020 to March 2021, which is a hospital-based voluntary national registry initiated in 2019 with 122 participating hospitals across the United States. Patients who reported smoking at the time of admission were classified as smokers. Severe outcome was defined as either death or the use of mechanical ventilation. Of the 31,545 patients in the cohort, 6,717 patients were 1:2 propensity matched (for age, sex, race, medical history, medications, and time-frame of hospital admission) and classified as current smokers or non-smokers according to admission data. In multivariable analyses, after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, medication use, and the time of hospital admission, patients self-identified as current smokers had higher adjusted odds of death (adjusted odds ratio aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.21-1.64), the use of mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.15; 95% CI 1.01-1.32), and increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI 1.05-1.52). Independent of sociodemographic characteristics and medical history, smoking was associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19, including death.
Successful treatment of chronic pain for patients with failed back surgery syndrome can be extremely complicated. These patients require careful and individualized clinical assessment, as they often ...present with mixed pain syndromes that involve both neuropathic and nociceptive components. The distinct types of pain involved in such cases may require combined treatments from individual interventions that are analgesically independent and specific for each type of pain involved. Neuromodulation by electric stimulation at appropriately chosen targets and combinations may be an important option to consider for such patients. We present a case of combined debilitating axial nociceptive spinal pain and bilateral neuropathic leg pain in a patient after 14 failed back operations. A combination of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and deep brain stimulation in the periventricular gray (PVG) have successfully provided the patient with complete relief of both components of his chronic pain condition, after all other pain management options had been exhausted. By alternating activation of each implanted stimulator separately and in conjunction, we were able to demonstrate a clinically independent analgesic character for each stimulation system, each specific to a particular type of pain. The SCS provided complete relief of the neuropathic pain component, without affecting the nociceptive component at all. The PVG stimulation provided complete relief of the nociceptive component, without affecting the neuropathic component at all. In combination, there was complete relief of the total chronic pain condition. There appeared to be no overlapping or synergistic effect between the two neuromodulation systems in the patient. The patient has had prolonged complete relief from his chronic pain condition with the combined neuromodulation intervention over 22 years of follow-up.
Hadronic shower development in Iron-Scintillator Tile Calorimetry Amaral, P.; Amorim, A.; Anderson, K. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
2000, Letnik:
443, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The lateral and longitudinal profiles of hadronic showers detected by a prototype of the ATLAS Iron-Scintillator Tile Hadron Calorimeter have been investigated. This calorimeter presents a unique ...longitudinal configuration of scintillator tiles. Using a fine-grained pion beam scan at 100
GeV, a detailed picture of transverse shower behaviour is obtained. The underlying radial energy densities for the four depth segments and for the entire calorimeter have been reconstructed. A three-dimensional hadronic shower parametrisation has been developed. The results presented here are useful for understanding the performance of iron-scintillator calorimeters, for developing fast simulations of hadronic showers, for many calorimetry problems requiring the integration of a shower energy deposition in a volume and for future calorimeters design.
We report on the calibration and performance of a large lead liquid-argon electromagnetic calorimeter used by experiment E706 at Fermilab. The reconstructed π
0 mass was used to calibrate the energy ...response of the calorimeter. The systematic uncertainty in the linearity and uniformity of the mean-energy response of the calorimeter after calibration was found to be less than ±0.5% for the sample of data analyzed. Detector characteristics, including sampling fluctuations and position resolution, are discussed.
Depuis 2007, deux séries successives d’envolée des prix des denrées alimentaires ont causé la faim ou la malnutrition pour des millions de personnes dans le monde. Les mêmes facteurs qui avaient ...contribué à la hausse des prix en 2007-2008 ont refait surface en 2011 et ont pour nom : la baisse du taux de croissance de la productivité agricole, le niveau élevé du coût de l’énergie favorisant l’expansion de la production de biocarburants, la dépréciation du dollar américain, une forte demande des pays émergents en matière de produits agricoles et les bouleversements climatiques. Avec autant de facteurs en jeu, il est clair que les politiques alimentaires nécessaires pour assurer de façon durable l’accès à une alimentation saine, en quantité et en qualité suffisantes pour des millions de personnes, doivent transcender la production agricole traditionnelle. En conséquence, la demande de recherches fondées sur des données probantes susceptibles de soutenir ces politiques est plus forte que jamais. A cet effet, L’Institut international de recherche sur les politiques alimentaires (IFPRI) a mis à la disposition de la communauté internationale un grand nombre de résultats analytiques et autres produits de connaissance pour contribuer à répondre à cette demande.
Table des matières; Préface, vii; Remerciements ix; Chapitre 1 Aperçu : Principaux développements en matière de politique alimentaire en 2011 .1, Shenggen Fan, IFPRI; Les facteurs qui ont influencé la politique alimentaire en 2011 11 Chapitre 2 Prix alimentaires : Les montagnes russes .15, Maximo Torero, IFPRI; Chapitre 3 Catastrophes : Un air de déjà-vu dans la Corne de l’Afrique 25, Derek Headey, IFPRI; Chapitre 4 Changement climatique et agriculture : Des progrès timides et de nouvelles preuves indubitables 39, Gerald C. Nelson et Tolulope Olofinbiyi, IFPRI; Chapitre 5 Biocarburants, environnement et alimentation : L’histoire se complique 49, David Laborde et Siwa Msangi, IFPRI; Chapitre 6 Agriculture, nutrition et santé : Relier les points 55, Rajul Pandya-Lorch, Heidi Fritschel, Zhenya Karelina et Sivan Yosef, IFPRI; Chapitre 7 Dégradation des sols : Des terres sous pression 63, Ephraim Nkonya, Jawoo Koo et Paswel Marenya, IFPRI, Rachel Licker, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Chapitre 8 Nouveaux acteurs : Intervenir dans le système alimentaire mondial 69, Kevin Chen et P. K. Joshi, IFPRI; Chapitre 9 Développements régionaux : La politique alimentaire prend forme au niveau local 79, Outils et indicateurs pour la politique alimentaire 88; Notes 105; Collaborateurs 112
DGO; EPTD; MTID; DSGD; PHND; COM
We report the first observation of dijet events with a double Pomeron exchange topology produced in p collisions at sqrts = 1800 GeV. The events are characterized by a leading antiproton, two jets in ...the central pseudorapidity region, and a large rapidity gap on the outgoing proton side. We present results on jet kinematics and production rates, compare them with corresponding results from single diffractive and inclusive dijet production, and test factorization.
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