Bathing in Japanese style may carry negative effects as water pressure on the chest and thermal stimulus on hemodynamics take place. We have explored the influence of bathing in high temperature ...water on the change of heart rate variability (HRV). Fourteen young healthy male adults, ageing in range from 28 to 42 years old (the average was 35.8 years old) were selected and took a hot water bath (38 and 41 °C) for 15 min long. Bathing in 38 °C water brought no significant change in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), and the HR in 41 °C increased in early stage. In HRV, high frequency (HF) power did not have significant change with little increase in early stages of bathing in 38 °C and decreased continuously in 41 °C. Low frequency (LF) power and very low frequency (VLF) power decreased gradually in later stages of bathing, but the degree of decrease was larger in 41 °C. In this study, data concerning dizziness after bathing at 41 °C was obtained (we named it as a “dizzy case”). HF and LF trends in this case followed the same pattern in comparison with others' average, but the decrease was larger. Additionally, there was no increase in the LF/HF at later stage of bathing. It is thought that this reflects a decreased in autonomic nerve activity. In normal subjects the VLF increased in later stages of 38 and 41 °C bathing, but in the dizziness-experiencing subject, the increase was very significant. It is conceivable that this reflected excessive parasympathetic reflex. Except the dizzy case HF decreased continuously in later stage of bathing in both 38 and 41 °C, but VLF slightly increased. Recently there was an express opinion that the VLF correlates with the prognosis; therefore the change of VLF in this study is very interesting.
Based upon the results of this study we propose that the optimum period of time for bathing in water 41 °C in temperature is 5 min or less, and that for water 38 °C in temperature is 10 min or less.
The phase II trial has been prepared to assess the effectiveness of BPA (250
mg/kg)-based NCT combined with X-ray irradiation and temozolomide (75
mg/m
2) for the treatment of newly diagnosed GBM. ...BPA uptake is determined by
18F-BPA-PET and/or
11C-MET-PET, and a tumor with the lesion to normal ratio of 2 or more is indicated for BNCT. The maximum normal brain point dose prescribed was limited to 13.0
Gy or less. Primary end point is overall survival.
Eight patients to received Boron Neuron Capture Therapy (BNCT) were selected from 33 newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients (NCT(+) group). Serial 42 glioblastoma patients (NCT(−) group) were treated ...without BNCT. The median OS of the NCT(+) group and NCT (−) group were 24.4 months and 14.9 months. In the high risk patients (RPA class V), the median OS of the NCT(+) group tended to be better than that of NCT(−) group. 50% of BNCT patients were RPA class V.
► We treated 8 patients with boron neutron capture therapy (NCT) for glioblastoma. ► We compare the overall survival between NCT including series and without NCT series. ► The median overall survival of the NCT including series was 24.4 months. ► In the high risk patients, the median OS of NCT including series tended to be better.
Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection. A survey was conducted in the hemodialysis population of the
state of Goiás, Central Brazil, aiming to assess the ...prevalence of
HBV infection, to analyse associated risk factors, and also to
investigate HBV genotypes distribution. A total of 1095 patients were
interviewed in 15 dialysis units. Serum samples were screened for HBV
serological markers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatitis B
surface antigen (HBsAg) positive samples were tested for HBV DNA by
polymerase chain reaction and genotyped by restriction fragment length
polymorphism. Global HBV infection prevalence was 29.8% (95% CI:
27.1-32.5). Multivariate analysis of risk factors showed that male
gender, length of time on hemodialysis, and blood transfusion before
1993 were associated with HBV positivity. HBV DNA was detected in 65.4%
(17/26) of the HBsAg-positive samples. Thirteen of 17 HBV DNA positive
samples were genotyped. Genotype D (61.5%) was predominant, followed by
A (30.8%), while genotype F was detected in only one (7.7%) sample.
In the last decade, a declining prevalence of HCV infection has been described in injecting drug users (IDUs) in different countries. This study is the first to assess temporal trends in ...drug-injecting patterns, HCV infection rates and viral genotype distribution in 770 Brazilian IDUs, recruited by two cross-sectional studies (1994–1997 and 1999–2001). A substantial decline in the prevalence of HCV infection was found over the years (75% in 1994 vs. 20·6% in 2001, P<0·001) that may be a consequence of the significant reduction in the overall frequencies of drug injection and needle-sharing, as well as the participation of IDUs in initiatives aimed at reducing drug-related harm. No trend was found in terms of viral genotype distribution. Despite the favourable scenario, preventive measures must be maintained, especially in vulnerable subgroups such as young or new injectors, where risky behaviours through direct and indirect sharing practices remain common.
We summarize NAOJ's efforts to promote astronomy in developing nations. The Office of International Relations, collaborations with the Office of Public Outreach at NAOJ and with the East Asia Core ...Observatories Association (EACOA), has engaged children, students and educators about astronomy development in the Asia-Pacific region. In particular, we introduce “You are Galileo!“ project, which is a very well received astronomy education program for children. We also report on a continuing effort by the Japanese Government in support of astronomy programs in the developing nations.
To determine the influence of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) on boron biodistribution after sulfhydryl borane (BSH) administration for boron neutron capture therapy, the effectiveness of the ...combination of BSO with sulfhydril- (BSH) and non-sulfhydril (B12H12 and BNH3) boron compounds, and the interval between BSO and BSH administration, the retention of boron in tissues have been evaluated using a 9L rat tumor model. Simultaneous administration of BSH and BSO showed significantly higher boron accumulation compared to that without BSO, however there was no difference in tissue boron level between B12H12 and BNH3 administration with BSO or without BSO. The longer interval (6h) between BSH and BSO administration related to the highest boron concentration in the brain and subcutaneous tumors compared to shorter intervals (0.5, 3h). Boron concentration in subcutaneous and brain tumors was maintained for 6 and 12h after the administration of BSH following BSO pretreatment.
•Coadministration of BSH and BSO showed higher tumor boron uptake than BSH only.•Higher boron uptake was not observed after B12H12 or BNH3 administration.•The increase in tumor boron accumulation might be related to SH-groups.•BSO injection 6h before BSH showed further increase in tumor boron uptake.•High boron concentration maintained for 6 and 12h after BSH with BSO administration.
The present paper proposes a novel approach to the identification of the mechanical properties of individual component layers of a bimetallic sheet. In this approach, a set of material parameters in ...a constitutive model of cyclic elasto-plasticity are identified for the two layers of the sheet simultaneously by minimizing the difference between the experimental results and the corresponding results of numerical simulation. This method has an advantage of using the experimental data (tensile load vs strain curve in the uniaxial tension test and the bending moment vs curvature diagram in the cyclic bending test) for a whole bimetallic sheet but not for individual component layers. An optimization technique based on the iterative multipoint approximation concept is used for the identification of the material parameters. This paper describes the experimentation, the fundamentals and the technique of the identification, and the verification of this approach using two types of constitutive models (the Chaboche-Rousselier and the Prager models) for an aluminum clad stainless steel sheet.
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