Substantial research indicates a negative relationship between excessive consumption, namely materialism, and consumer well-being (CWB). Since anti-consumption is contradictory to materialism, and ...materialism has a negative relationship with CWB, logically, anti-consumption should have a positive influence on CWB. To explore this relationship, we review the literature on anti-consumption, materialism, and CWB, and ascertain the most prominent values by which anti-consumption and materialism differ. We then develop a framework based on four constructs (1. Control over consumption; 2. Scope of concerns; 3. Material desire; 4. Source of happiness), conceptually highlighting how anti-consumption and materialism differ in terms of CWB. Qualitative data and content analysis of online blogs, forums, and websites provide preliminary support for our propositions. Finally, we conclude with some implications for managers and policymakers.
Background
Enlarged facial pores have been esthetic problems and have become a matter of cosmetic concern. Several factors are supposed to be related to the enlargement of facial pores, although ...scientific evaluations were not performed yet.
Objective
To assess the correlation between facial pores and possible relating factors such as age, gender, sebum secretion, skin elasticity, and the presence of acne, using objective bioengineering instruments.
Methods
Sixty volunteers, 30 males and 30 females, participated in this study. Various parameters of facial pores were assessed using the Robo Skin Analyzer®. The facial sebum secretion and skin elasticity were measured using the Sebumeter® and the Cutometer®, respectively. These data were compared and correlated to examine the possible relationship between facial pores and age, sebum secretion and skin elasticity, according to gender and the presence of acne.
Results
Male gender and the existence of acne were correlated with higher number of facial pores. Sebum secretion levels showed positive correlation with facial pores. The R7 parameter of skin elasticity was negatively correlated with facial pores, suggesting increased facial pores with decreased skin elasticity. However, the age and the severity of acne did not show a definite relationship with facial pores.
Conclusion
Male, increased sebum and decreased skin elasticity were mostly correlated with facial pore development. Further studies on population with various demographic profiles and more severe acne may be helpful to elucidate the potential effect of aging and acne severity on facial pores.
Summary
Background
Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) can classify skin diseases at a level equivalent to a dermatologist, but their performance in specific areas requires further research.
...Objective
To evaluate the performance of a trained DCNN‐based algorithm in classifying benign and malignant lip diseases.
Methods
A training set of 1629 images (743 malignant, 886 benign) was used with Inception‐Resnet‐V2. Performance was evaluated using another set of 344 images and 281 images from other hospitals. Classifications by 44 participants (six board‐certified dermatologists, 12 dermatology residents, nine medical doctors not specialized in dermatology and 17 medical students) were used for comparison.
Results
The outcomes based on the area under curve, sensitivity and specificity were 0·827 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·782–0·873, 0·755 (95% CI 0·673–0·827) and 0·803 (95% CI 0·752–0·855), respectively, for the set of 344 images; and 0·774 (95% CI 0·699–0·849), 0·702 (95% CI 0·579–0·808) and 0·759 (95% CI 0·701–0·813), respectively, for the set of 281 images. The DCNN was equivalent to the dermatologists and superior to the nondermatologists in classifying malignancy. After referencing the DCNN result, the mean ± SD Youden index increased significantly for nondermatologists, from 0·201 ± 0·156 to 0·322 ± 0·141 (P < 0·001).
Conclusions
DCNNs can classify lip diseases at a level similar to dermatologists. This will help unskilled physicians discriminate between benign and malignant lip diseases.
What's already known about this topic?
Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) can classify malignant and benign skin diseases at a level equivalent to dermatologists.
The lips are a unique feature in terms of histology and morphology.
Previous studies of DCNNs have not investigated tumours on specific locations.
What does this study add?
This study shows that DCNNs can distinguish rare malignant and benign lip disorders at the same rate as dermatologists.
DCNNs can help nondermatologists to distinguish malignant lip diseases.
What are the clinical implications of this work?
DCNNs can distinguish malignant and benign skin diseases even at specific locations such as the lips, as well as board‐certified dermatologists.
Malignant lip diseases are rare and difficult for less trained doctors to differentiate them from benign lesions.
This study shows that in dermatology, DCNN can help improve decision‐making processes for rare skin diseases in specific areas of the body.
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Background
There is a lack of response data for topical treatments for psoriasis vulgaris in Asian patients.
Objectives
To determine the optimal maintenance regimen for topical treatment with ...calcipotriol monohydrate/betamethasone dipropionate gel in Korean patients with psoriasis vulgaris, by comparing the efficacy of three 8‐week maintenance regimens.
Methods
This was a multicentre, prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel‐group, open‐label, phase 4 clinical trial, conducted in South Korea. Patients with psoriasis vulgaris on the limbs/trunk received once‐daily treatment with calcipotriol monohydrate (50 μg/g)/betamethasone dipropionate (500 μg/g) gel for 8 weeks (induction phase). Responders (defined as an Investigator's Global Assessment of Disease Severity (IGA) grade of ‘clear’ or ‘almost clear’) were then randomized to receive 8 weeks’ maintenance treatment with Xamiol® gel once daily as needed pro re nata (PRN Group), once daily every day (Continuous group), or twice weekly – on Saturday and Sunday (Weekend group). The primary endpoint was the percentage of IGA responders at week 16.
Results
At the end of the induction phase, 62.18% of patients were IGA responders. At the end of the maintenance phase (week 16), the responder rate was 63.89% for the PRN group, 67.5% for the Continuous group and 31.43% for the Weekend group. The PRN and Continuous groups were statistically superior to the Weekend group (P = 0.0109 and P = 0.0015), but the PRN and Continuous groups did not differ statistically. The incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between the groups.
Conclusion
Among Korean patients with psoriasis vulgaris, maintenance treatment with calcipotriol monohydrate/betamethasone dipropionate using a continuous daily regimen or an ‘as needed’ daily regimen provided similar efficacy, whereas a twice‐weekly regimen was significantly less efficacious than either of these regimens.
Summary
Background It is generally accepted that the severity of acne is correlated with facial sebum secretion. However, previous studies on the relation between seborrhoea and the development of ...acne did not consider topographical differences in facial sebum secretion and used relatively vague acne severity grading systems.
Objectives To elucidate the relation between topographical variations in facial sebum secretion and the severity of acne in women.
Methods Forty‐six female controls and 46 women with acne were included in this study. The Sebumeter® was used to measure facial sebum secretion in the following facial areas: forehead, nose, chin, and right and left cheek. We counted noninflammatory comedones and inflammatory acne lesions in the same areas. We compared sebum secretion between patients with acne and controls, and analysed the relation between the quantity of sebum secreted and the number of acne lesions.
Results Sebum secretions in the whole face and in the T‐ and U‐zones (areas of high and low sebum secretion, respectively) were higher in patients with acne than in controls. There was no correlation between sebum quantity and acne lesion count in most facial regions.
Conclusions Increased levels of facial sebum secretion were observed in patients with acne. Our findings indicate that increased sebum levels do not directly cause development of acne lesions.
Background
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe adverse drug reaction generally accompanied by skin manifestations as the first and most frequent symptoms. ...However, skin manifestations and associated clinical features of DRESS have not been fully explored and evaluated.
Objectives
This study aimed to describe the skin manifestations of DRESS in detail and analyse their association with demographic characteristics and extra‐cutaneous clinical features.
Methods
We conducted this retrospective study on patients with DRESS diagnosed between September 2009 and August 2021 at three medical institutes and validated using the RegiSCAR score. Data regarding demographics, skin manifestations and clinical characteristics were retrieved through thorough chart reviews.
Results
Among 182 potential cases of DRESS, the validated 125 cases were analysed. A widespread rash extending over more than 50% of the body surface area was observed in 122 patients (97.6%) and typical facial oedema was experienced by 67 patients (53.6%). Polymorphous maculopapules were the most common rash morphology (106, 84.8%): specifically, exfoliative (59, 47.2%), urticarial (57, 45.6%) and purpuric forms (39, 31.2%) were common. Mucosal involvement was observed in 41 patients (32.8%). Patients with carboxamide antiepileptics (carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine) experienced more oedema (P = 0.014) and typical facial oedema than those with allopurinol (P = 0.021). The RegiSCAR score was higher in patients with purpura (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
Skin manifestations of DRESS exhibit a wide range of skin lesions and can vary according to the culprit drugs. Early suspicion and prompt intervention are needed to improve prognosis.
