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•Rheological properties of mixed gels are determined by mass ratio of components, Z.•κ-Carrageenan admixture induces formation of additional gelatin triple helixes.•Increase in the ...gelatin helix units leads to increase in the strength of mixed gel.•Electrostatic interactions determine the mutual orientation of biopolymer chains.•Model of complex junction zones is proposed.
Rheological studies, FTIR spectroscopy and a molecular docking approach were used to explore the structural basis of the peculiar physicochemical properties of gelatin gels modified with a κ-carrageenan admixture. Mixed gel properties are affected by the polysaccharide-to-gelatin ratio, Z, and can be divided into two categories. At low ratios, the strength of mixed gels varies insignificantly compared to gelatin due to the similar structures of the gels. Above the threshold content of κ-carrageenan (Z > 0.1), the storage modulus and yield stress of mixed gels are significantly enhanced. The nonadditivity and threshold character of the rheological properties could be the result of conformational ordering of both gelatin and κ-carrageenan, leading to the formation of additional junction zones in the gel network. According to molecular docking studies, the junctions could be formed as a result of complementary interactions between the gelatin triple helix and the κ-carrageenan double helix. The stack formation increases the interaction energy, which explains the strengthening of the gel network.
We present a new approach for the approximate K-nearest neighbor search based on navigable small world graphs with controllable hierarchy (Hierarchical NSW, HNSW). The proposed solution is fully ...graph-based, without any need for additional search structures (typically used at the coarse search stage of the most proximity graph techniques). Hierarchical NSW incrementally builds a multi-layer structure consisting of a hierarchical set of proximity graphs (layers) for nested subsets of the stored elements. The maximum layer in which an element is present is selected randomly with an exponentially decaying probability distribution. This allows producing graphs similar to the previously studied Navigable Small World (NSW) structures while additionally having the links separated by their characteristic distance scales. Starting the search from the upper layer together with utilizing the scale separation boosts the performance compared to NSW and allows a logarithmic complexity scaling. Additional employment of a heuristic for selecting proximity graph neighbors significantly increases performance at high recall and in case of highly clustered data. Performance evaluation has demonstrated that the proposed general metric space search index is able to strongly outperform previous opensource state-of-the-art vector-only approaches. Similarity of the algorithm to the skip list structure allows straightforward balanced distributed implementation.
Mean-field theory of social laser Alodjants, Alexander P; Bazhenov, A Yu; Khrennikov, A Yu ...
Scientific reports,
05/2022, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In this work we suggest a novel paradigm of social laser (solaser), which can explain such Internet inspired social phenomena as echo chambers, reinforcement and growth of information cascades, ...enhancement of social actions under strong mass media operation. The solaser is based on a well-known in quantum physics laser model of coherent amplification of the optical field. Social networks are at the core of the solaser model; we define them by means of a network model possessing power-law degree distribution. In the solaser the network environment plays the same role as the gain medium has in a physical laser device. We consider social atoms as decision making agents (humans or even chat bots), which possess two (mental) states and occupy the nodes of a network. The solaser establishes communication between the agents as absorption and spontaneous or stimulated emission of socially actual information within echo chambers, which mimic an optical resonator of a convenient (physical) laser. We have demonstrated that social lasing represents the second order nonequilibrium phase transition, which evokes the release of coherent socially stimulated information field represented with the order parameter. The solaser implies the formation of macroscopic social polarization and results in a huge social impact, which is realized by viral information cascades occurring in the presence of population imbalance (social bias). We have shown that decision making agents follow an adiabatically time dependent mass media pump, which acts in the network community reproducing various reliable scenarios for information cascade evolution. We have also shown that in contrast to physical lasers, due to node degree peculiarities, the coupling strength of decision making agents with the network may be enhanced Formula: see text times. It leads to a large increase of speed, at which a viral message spreads through a social media. In this case, the mass media pump supports additional reinforcement and acceleration of cascade growth. We have revealed that the solaser model in some approximations possesses clear links with familiar Ising and SIS (susceptible-infected-susceptible) models typically used for evaluating a social impact and information growth, respectively. However, the solaser paradigm can serve as a new platform for modelling temporal social events, which originate from "microscopic" (quantum-like) processes occurring in the society. Our findings open new perspectives for interdisciplinary studies of distributed intelligence agents behavior associated with information exchange and social impact.
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•Activated carbon quantitatively sorb Tc under oxidizing conditions.•Tc isn’t leached from the activated carbon during treatment by H2O, NH2OH and 6 M HCl.•Natural bentonite clay with ...activated carbon additives has high Tc sorption ability.•Clay with carbon additive is a promising material for Tc immobilization in RW sites.
Safe disposal of nuclear waste in a geologic repository will rely on natural geologic features and engineered barriers to greatly retard the movement of radionuclides from the repository. Clay minerals including bentonite are effective in retarding the migration of many radionuclides, but are ineffective for anionic radionuclides, of which pertechnetate is of particular concern owing to its relatively long half-life and the lack of natural isotopes that dilute it. Activated carbon is proposed as an additive material for reducing pertechnetate mobility in the nearfield. Activated carbon materials of different origins quantitatively sorb pertechnetate from aqueous solution under oxidizing conditions during the first day of contact, and sequential extraction showed that 73 % of this technetium is in the strongly bound fraction. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra both demonstrated that no reduction of technetium occurred in the studied systems. The interaction of technetium with a composite material consisting of bentonite and activated carbon was studied at the first time. Effective technetium sorption was shown, with distribution coefficients (Kd) up to 740 cm3. g−1.
The theory of confinement based on the stochastic field mechanism, known as the field correlator method (FCM) is discussed in detail. Experimental and lattice data have accumulated a vast amount of ...material on the properties of confinement in QCD. We enumerate all these properties as (1)–(7), and discuss beyond FCM two existing approaches: monopole based dual Ginzburg-Landau (DGL) theory, and Gribov-Zwanziger model, from this point of view. It is shown that the FCM satisfies all required criteria. We also prove its self-consistency; in particular, it is shown that the string tension σ is the only scaleful parameter in the theory beyond fermion masses, and ΛQCD is calculated explicitly to the lowest order in terms of σ. We also formulate physical consequences of confinement, such as string breaking, Regge trajectories, role of confinement in the perturbation theory, chiral symmetry breaking, confinement in the boosted systems etc. It is demonstrated that the FCM is a suitable tool for the solution of these problems.
The study included umbilical cord blood samples (
n
=64) intended for cryogenic storage of hematopoietic stem cells and obtained from patients with a history of mild and moderate forms of COVID-19 ...during pregnancy. The control group was composed of samples (
n
=746) obtained from healthy women in labor. A comparative analysis of the volume of cord blood collected, the total leukocyte count, the relative and absolute content of cells with the CD34
+
/CD45
+
phenotype revealed no significant differences between the groups.
A
bstract
The infinite chain of transitions of one pair of mesons (channel I) into another pair of mesons (channel II) can produce bound states and resonances in both channels even if no interactions ...inside channels exist. These resonances which can occur also in meson-baryon channels are called channel-coupling (CC) resonances. A new mechanism of CC resonances is proposed where transitions occur due to a rearrangement of confining strings inside each channel — the recoupling mechanism. The amplitude of this recoupling mechanism is expressed via overlap integrals of the wave functions of participating mesons (baryons). The explicit calculation with the known wave functions yields the peak at
E
= 4.12 GeV for the transitions
J
/
ψ
+
ϕ
↔
D
s
∗
+
D
¯
s
∗
, which can be associated with
χ
c
1
(4140), and a narrow peak at 3.98 GeV with the width 10 MeV for the transitions
D
s
−
+
D
0
∗
↔
J
/
ψ
+
K
∗
−
, which can be associated with th recently discovered
Z
cs
(3985).
•Training data for deep learning algorithms can be produced synthetically•Synthetic data based on real SEM images as textures has been obtained•RetinaNet Convolutional network trained on synthetic ...data can be successfully used on real SEM images
Deep learning algorithms are one of most rapid developing fields into the modern computation technologies. One of the bottlenecks into the implementation of such advaced algorithms is their requirement for a large amount of manually-labelled data for training. For the general-purpose tasks, such as general purpose image classification/detection the huge images datasets are already labelled and collected. For more subject specific tasks (such as electron microscopy images treatment), no labelled data available. Here I demonstrate that a deep learning network can be successfully trained for nanoparticles detection using semi-synthetic data. The real SEM images were used as a textures for rendered nanoparticles at the surface. Training of RetinaNet architecture using transfer learning can be helpful for the large-scale particle distribution analysis. Beyond such applications, the presented approach might be applicable to other tasks, such as image segmentation.
The standard chiral perturbation theory is known to predict much weaker effects in magnetic field, than found in numerical lattice data. To overcome this disagreement we are using the effective ...chiral confinement Lagrangian,
L
ECCL
, containing both chiral and quark degrees of freedom, in the presence of external magnetic field. Without magnetic fields
L
ECCL
reduces to the ordinary chiral Lagrangian
L
ECL
, yielding in the lowest order
O
(
∂
μ
φ
)
2
all known relations, and providing explicit numerical coefficients in the higher
O
(
p
4
,
p
6
)
orders. The inclusion of the magnetic field in
L
ECCL
strongly modifies ECL results for chiral condensates, coupling constants
f
π
,
f
K
and masses of chiral mesons. The resulting behavior contains the only parameter – the string tension
σ
, is roughly proportional to
O
eB
σ
and agrees very well with lattice data. These results show that the magnetic field acts not only on the chiral degrees of freedom
(
φ
π
)
, but also on quarks in the quark-chiral Lagrangian, which produce much stronger effect.
An increasing body of evidence suggests that bone marrow-derived myeloid cells play a critical role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the true requirement for myeloid ...cells in PH development has not been demonstrated, and a specific disease-promoting myeloid cell population has not been identified. Using bone marrow chimeras, lineage labeling, and proliferation studies, we determined that, in murine hypoxia-induced PH, Ly6C
nonclassical monocytes are recruited to small pulmonary arteries and differentiate into pulmonary interstitial macrophages. Accumulation of these nonclassical monocyte-derived pulmonary interstitial macrophages around pulmonary vasculature is associated with increased muscularization of small pulmonary arteries and disease severity. To determine if the sensing of hypoxia by nonclassical monocytes contributes to the development of PH, mice lacking expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the Ly6C
monocyte lineage were exposed to hypoxia. In these mice, vascular remodeling and PH severity were significantly reduced. Transcriptome analyses suggest that the Ly6C
monocyte lineage regulates PH through complement, phagocytosis, Ag presentation, and chemokine/cytokine pathways. Consistent with these murine findings, relative to controls, lungs from pulmonary arterial hypertension patients displayed a significant increase in the frequency of nonclassical monocytes. Taken together, these findings show that, in response to hypoxia, nonclassical monocytes in the lung sense hypoxia, infiltrate small pulmonary arteries, and promote vascular remodeling and development of PH. Our results demonstrate that myeloid cells, specifically cells of the nonclassical monocyte lineage, play a direct role in the pathogenesis of PH.
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