The cyclability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries is greatly influenced by Zn dendrites and parasitic reactions. Although separator modifications have proven to be effective in addressing these issues, ...most of the developed separators are too thick to meet practical requirements. Herein, an amino (−NH2)‐functionalized Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MOF), i.e., UiO‐66‐NH2, is incorporated into lignocellulose separator. The amino functional groups not only possess good zincophilicity but also strongly interact with H2O molecules through hydrogen bonding. Therefore, the abundant intersecting subnano‐sized channels within UiO‐66‐NH2 act as desolvation sieves and facilitate the migration and uniform distribution of Zn2+ ions. Even at a rather low thickness of 20 µm, the modified separator can significantly improve the reversibility of Zn electrochemistry and suppress water‐induced hydrogen evolution. With the use of this separator, the Zn electrodes demonstrate a working life exceeding 2000 h at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 with remarkable dendrite‐free characteristic and remain operationally viable under ultrahigh areal capacity of 25 mAh cm−2. Additionally, the resultant Zn//MnO2 battery provides superior rate capability and excellent cyclability. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of amino functional groups to inhibit unfavorable phenomena in aqueous batteries.
An amino‐functionalized separator, achieved by combining UiO‐66‐NH2 with lignocellulose, is developed to decrease the thickness of separator while significantly improving the reversibility of Zn electrochemistry. This separator contains abundant subnano‐sized channels that can act as desolvation sieves and promote Zn2+ ion transport, contributing to significantly inhibited Zn dendrites and water‐induced side reactions.
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•LLE-GC–MS-based metabolomics was used to investigate the VOCs change during koumiss fermentation.•15 differential metabolites between mare’s milk and koumiss were confirmed.•The ...correlation between flavor formation and microbial community was established.•Lactobacillus and Dekkera were the most important flavor-producing microbiota.•The fatty acid synthesis pathway was focused from identified prominent pathways.
Koumiss, naturally fermented mare’s milk, has a unique flavor that is affected by its resident microflora. In this study, we analyzed time-dependent changes in the microbiota and volatile metabolite profiles of koumiss using high-throughput sequencing and liquid–liquid extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The dominant microrganisms in mare milk were Enterobacter and Rhodotorula, which were gradually suppressed, then Lactobacillus and Dekkera became the core microorganisms of koumiss. 17 FAA and 52 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified during koumiss fermentation, including 19 odor active compounds and 15 differential metabolites of VOCs, mainly acids and esters, and their anabolism showed significant positive correlations with Lactobacillus and Dekkera. The microbial metabolic network showed that Lactobacillus and Dekkera were identified as the most important flavor-producing microbiota due to their significantly positive correlation with the formation of 33 and 28 flavor metabolites, respectively. These microorganisms produce enzymes that catalyze a series of metabolic pathways that generate VOCs, including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings provide new guidance for the screening and application of flavor-producing microorganisms inkoumiss.
Abstract The current research proposes a novel approach to identity-based choice that focuses on consumers’ representations of the self-concept, as captured by the perceived cause–effect ...relationships among features of an individual consumer’s self-concept. More specifically, the studies reported here test the proposal that the causal centrality of an identity—the number of other features of a consumer’s self-concept that the consumer believes influenced or were influenced by the identity—underlies identity importance and is a determinant of identity-based consumer behaviors. Across seven studies, using both measured and manipulated causal centrality, the current research provides evidence for the role of causal centrality in identity-based choice. Among consumers who share an identity (belong to the same social category), those who believe that the identity is more causally central perceive the identity as more important and are more likely to engage in behaviors consistent with the norms of the social category.
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•The iron oxide film shows 60 % absorbance for harmful blue light from 400 to 450 nm.•The film exhibits 96 % transmittance for the other visible light.•The hydrophobic-modified film ...has good humid-heat stability.•The film has no distinguishable effect on display quality.•The film can effectively protect human ARPE-19 cells from blue light damage.
With the increasing application of display and lighting devices, the potential injury to human eyes due to blue light has been attracting significant attention. While current anti-blue light films are complex, costly and low stability in humid environments. In this work, anti-blue light films were fabricated using iron oxide as blue light absorbent and polyvinylpyrrolidone as surfactant, under various Fe3+ concentrations and annealing temperatures. Particularly, the films annealed at 300 °C exhibited 60 % absorption rate of blue light in 400–450 nm wavelength range on average and still maintained 96 % transmittance to 500–800 nm visible light. Moreover, the films coated with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS)-modified SiO2 hydrophobic layer showed high hydrophobicity and sequential humid-heat stability. Meanwhile, no obvious changes occurred in transmittance spectra after keeping at 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity for 15 days. With the composite film covered, the color rendering index of the display screen decreased only 0.7 %, while the blue light weighted radiance decreased significantly by 37.1 %. Furthermore, cell experiments with composite films demonstrated that human retinal pigment epithelium cells were effectively protected from blue light injury. Overall, the composite films with high stability exhibited desired anti-blue light function.
Many studies have found that feelings and expressions of gratitude bring profound benefits to people and relationships. We complicate this view of gratitude. We examine two variables known to impact ...people's expectations for relationships: culture (collectivist vs. individualist) and relational distance (close vs. distant), and we find evidence that expressing gratitude conveys that relationship expectations have been exceeded, such that people view it as less desirable to give and receive gratitude for actions that are expected duties of a relationship. In both observational data and real behavior in an experiment, we found that people in a collectivist culture (China) are less likely than those in an individualist culture (America) to express gratitude to close others (Studies 1 and 2). Using hypothetical vignettes, we confirmed this pattern and further found there was no cultural difference for distant others (Study 3). These differences in expressing gratitude reflect differences in underlying feelings of gratitude, as well as differences in expectations of how the target would react to being thanked (Study 4). This cultural difference can be explained by cultural differences in the extent of duties placed on close others (Studies 5 and 6): People in China expect more of their close others. Perhaps as a result, people in China show a weaker preference than Americans for direct expressions of gratitude toward close others, but no difference for distant others (Study 7). Overall, our findings suggest that expressing gratitude may not always be good for close relationships.
Effective evaluation and prediction of aerosol transport deposition in the human respiratory tracts are critical to aerosol drug delivery and evaluation of inhalation products. Establishment of an in ...vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) requires the understanding of flow and aerosol behaviour and underlying mechanisms at the microscopic scale. The achievement of the aim can be facilitated via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based in silico modelling which treats the aerosol delivery as a two-phase flow. CFD modelling research, in particular coupling with discrete phase model (DPM) and discrete element method (DEM) approaches, has been rapidly developed in the past two decades. This paper reviews the recent development in this area. The paper covers the following aspects: geometric models of the respiratory tract, CFD turbulence models for gas phase and its coupling with DPM/DEM for aerosols, and CFD investigation of the effects of key factors associated with geometric variations, flow and powder characteristics. The review showed that in silico study based on CFD models can effectively evaluate and predict aerosol deposition pattern in human respiratory tracts. The review concludes with recommendations on future research to improve in silico prediction to achieve better IVIVC.
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•Taguchi method reduces the experimental cost and avoids the modeling of battery.•It is universal to add subjectivity to choice of optimal solutions rather than objectives.•The influences of charging ...currents are revealed to choose the optimal pattern.•Charging efficiency is improved without reducing the time and capacity performance.
Due to the complexity of characteristics, the charging performance of Li-ion batteries needs to be further improved. In this paper, Taguchi method is employed to search an optimal charging pattern for 5-stage constant-current charging strategy. The charging capacity, efficiency and time are analyzed as quality functions simultaneously, and the influences of charging currents at each stage on each quality function are revealed. This universal method provides a reasonable basis for the selection of the optimal currents. By reasonably updating the currents at each stage, a broader range is searched to make experimental results more representative. Compared with the constant current- constant voltage method, the obtained charging pattern improves the charging efficiency by 0.6–0.9%, and the temperature rise of the battery is reduced by about 2 °C. Compared with the charging pattern obtained by optimizing the charging time and capacity, the charging pattern obtained in this paper improved the charging efficiency by 2.8%, the temperature rise is reduced by 9.3 °C, and the charging capacity is basically the same.
Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is one of the common side effects of radiation therapy in the thoracic region. Radiomics and dosiomics quantify information implicit within medical images and radiation ...therapy dose distributions. In this study we demonstrate the prognostic potential of radiomics, dosiomics, and clinical features for RP prediction.
Radiomics, dosiomics, dose-volume histogram (DVH) metrics, and clinical parameters were obtained on 314 retrospectively collected and 35 prospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with lung cancer between 2013 to 2019. A radiomics risk score (R score) and dosiomics risk score (D score), as well as a DVH-score, were calculated based on logistic regression after feature selection. Six models were built using different combinations of R score, D score, DVH score, and clinical parameters to evaluate their added prognostic power. Overoptimism was evaluated by bootstrap resampling from the training set, and the prospectively collected cohort was used as the external test set. Model calibration and decision-curve characteristics of the best-performing models were evaluated. For ease of further evaluation, nomograms were constructed for selected models.
A model built by integrating all of the R score, D score, and clinical parameters had the best discriminative ability with areas under the curve of 0.793 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.735-0.851), 0.774 (95% CI, 0.762-0.786), and 0.855 (95% CI, 0.719-0.990) in the training, bootstrapping, and external test sets, respectively. The calibration curve image showed good agreement between the predicted and actual values, with a slope of 1.21 and intercept of -0.04. The decision curve image showed a positive net benefit for the final model based on the nomogram.
Radiomic and dosiomic features have the potential to assist with the prediction of RP, and the combination of radiomics, dosiomics, and clinical parameters led to the best prognostic model in the present study.
A hybrid catalyst with integrated single-atom Ni and nanoscale Cu catalytic components is reported to enhance the C–C coupling and ethylene (C2H4) production efficiency in the electrocatalytic CO2 ...reduction reaction (eCO2RR). The single-atom Ni anchored on high-surface-area ordered mesoporous carbon enables high-rate and selective conversion of CO2 to CO in a wide potential range, which complements the subsequent CO enrichment on Cu nanowires (NWs) for the C–C coupling to C2H4. In situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) confirms the substantially improved CO enrichment on Cu, once the incorporation of single-atom Ni occurs. Also, in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) demonstrates the structural stability of the hybrid catalyst during eCO2RR. By modulating hybrid compositions, the optimized catalyst shows 66% Faradaic efficiency (FE) in an alkaline flow cell with over 100 mA·cm–2 at −0.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, leading to a five-order enhancement in C2H4 selectivity compared with single-component Cu NWs.
This paper presents a Lyapunov stability theory-based control method for a three-level neutral-point-clamped active power filter (NPC-APF) in three-phase three-wire system. The mathematical model of ...NPC-APF is deduced, and the Lyapunov stability theory-based control is established for current control of NPC-APF. The current control is different from the conventional proportional integral control or proportional-resonant(PR) control, which maintain good steady-state compensation performance and fast dynamic tracking response in wide harmonics range compared to the traditional linear PR control systems. The extensive simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK validate the feasibility of the proposed method.
