Zeolites are a family of microporous crystalline materials, which, since the 1940s, have had an indispensable role in the chemical industry as catalysts, adsorbents and ion exchangers. Advances in ...synthetic methodologies and characterization techniques have enabled the fabrication of new zeolitic materials, with emerging applications in diverse areas. By tuning their porous architectures, framework compositions and crystal morphologies, coupled with the incorporation of exotic active species, zeolites and zeolite-based materials have exhibited unprecedentedly high performance in many challenging processes. In this Review, we focus on the high-efficiency catalytic production of industrially important hydrocarbons and oxygenates using non-petrochemical feedstocks, energy-efficient separations of hydrocarbon mixtures that are difficult using conventional methods and materials, and host–guest assemblies that exhibit physical properties unprecedented to either the zeolite hosts or free guest species. Finally, we provide our perspectives on future directions for the development of zeolitic materials to meet the ever-growing demands from diverse fields.New zeolitic materials have shown high performance in emerging applications across diverse areas. This Review focuses on the advances in zeolite applications, including the catalytic production of hydrocarbons and oxygenates from non-petrochemical feedstocks, the efficient separation of hydrocarbon mixtures that are otherwise challenging, and host–guest assemblies with unprecedented physical properties.
Hydrogen has emerged as an environmentally attractive fuel and a promising energy carrier for future applications to meet the ever‐increasing energy challenges. The safe and efficient storage and ...release of hydrogen remain a bottleneck for realizing the upcoming hydrogen economy. Hydrogen storage based on liquid‐phase chemical hydrogen storage materials is one of the most promising hydrogen storage techniques, which offers considerable potential for large‐scale practical applications for its excellent safety, great convenience, and high efficiency. Recently, nanopore‐supported metal nanocatalysts have stood out remarkably in boosting the field of liquid‐phase chemical hydrogen storage. Herein, the latest research progress in catalytic hydrogen production is summarized, from liquid‐phase chemical hydrogen storage materials, such as formic acid, ammonia borane, hydrous hydrazine, and sodium borohydride, by using metal nanocatalysts confined within diverse nanoporous materials, such as metal–organic frameworks, porous carbons, zeolites, mesoporous silica, and porous organic polymers. The state‐of‐the‐art synthetic strategies and advanced characterizations for these nanocatalysts, as well as their catalytic performances in hydrogen generation, are presented. The limitation of each hydrogen storage system and future challenges and opportunities on this subject are also discussed. References in related fields are provided, and more developments and applications to achieve hydrogen energy will be inspired.
Recent research progress on nanopore‐supported metal nanocatalysts for H2 generation from various liquid‐phase chemical hydrogen storage materials is reviewed, mainly focusing on the presentation of state‐of‐the‐art synthetic strategies and advanced characterizations of these nanocatalysts and their catalytic performances in hydrogen generation. Some drawbacks of each hydrogen storage system and challenges and opportunities in future research are also highlighted.
C1 chemistry, which is the catalytic transformation of C1 molecules including CO, CO2, CH4, CH3OH, and HCOOH, plays an important role in providing energy and chemical supplies while meeting ...environmental requirements. Zeolites are highly efficient solid catalysts used in the chemical industry. The design and development of zeolite‐based mono‐, bi‐, and multifunctional catalysts has led to a booming application of zeolite‐based catalysts to C1 chemistry. Combining the advantages of zeolites and metallic catalytic species has promoted the catalytic production of various hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, light olefins, aromatics, and liquid fuels) and oxygenates (e.g., methanol, dimethyl ether, formic acid, and higher alcohols) from C1 molecules. The key zeolite descriptors that influence catalytic performance, such as framework topologies, nanoconfinement effects, Brønsted acidities, secondary‐pore systems, particle sizes, extraframework cations and atoms, hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, and proximity between acid and metallic sites are discussed to provide a deep understanding of the significance of zeolites to C1 chemistry. An outlook regarding challenges and opportunities for the conversion of C1 resources using zeolite‐based catalysts to meet emerging energy and environmental demands is also presented.
Zeolite catalysts play a pivotal role in C1 chemistry including conversion of CO, CO2, CH4, CH3OH, and HCOOH into various hydrocarbons (e.g., methane, lower olefins, aromatics, and liquid fuels) and oxygenates (e.g., methanol, dimethyl ether, formic acid, and higher alcohols) to meet the demand for energy and chemicals as crude oil reserves decline.
Crystalline nanoporous materials with uniform porous structures, such as zeolites and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have proven to be ideal supports to encapsulate ultrasmall metal nanoparticles ...(MNPs) inside their void nanospaces to generate high‐efficiency nanocatalysts. The nanopore‐encaged metal catalysts exhibit superior catalytic performance as well as high stability and catalytic shape selectivity endowed by the nanoporous matrix. In addition, the synergistic effect of confined MNPs and nanoporous frameworks with active sites can further promote the catalytic activities of the composite catalysts. Herein, recent progress in nanopore‐encaged metal nanocatalysts is reviewed, with a special focus on advances in synthetic strategies for ultrasmall MNPs (<5 nm), clusters, and even single atoms confined within zeolites and MOFs for various heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In addition, some advanced characterization methods to elucidate the atomic‐scale structures of the nanocatalysts are presented, and the current limitations of and future opportunities for these fantastic nanocatalysts are also highlighted and discussed. The aim is to provide some guidance for the rational synthesis of nanopore‐encaged metal catalysts and to inspire their further applications to meet the emerging demands in catalytic fields.
Recent advancements in nanopore‐encaged metal nanocatalysts are reviewed, mainly focusing on presenting the state‐of‐the‐art strategies for the fabrication of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles (<5 nm), clusters, and even single atoms confined within crystalline nanoporous materials including zeolites and metal–organic frameworks. Some related catalytic applications and advanced characterization methods are introduced, and the current limitations of and future opportunities for these fantastic nanocatalysts are also highlighted.
As a new class of luminescent nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have aroused significant interest because of their fascinating photoluminescence properties and potential applications in biological, ...optoelectronic, and energy‐related fields. Strikingly, embedding CDs in host matrices endow them with intriguing luminescent properties, in particular, room temperature phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence, due to the confinement effect of the host matrix and the H‐bonding interactions between CDs and the matrix. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art strategies for introducing CDs in various host matrices are summarized, such as nanoporous materials, polyvinyl alcohol, polyurethane, potash alum, layered double hydroxides, amorphous silica, etc. The resultant luminescent properties of the composites and their emission mechanisms are discussed. Their applications in bioimaging, drug delivery/release, sensing, and anticounterfeiting are also presented. Finally, current problems and challenges of CDs‐based composites are noted for future development of such luminescent materials.
Embedding carbon dots (CDs) in matrix endow CDs intriguing luminescence properties and applications. Highlighting the crucial role of matrix, the recent advancements in synthesis, luminescence, and applications of CDs‐based composite materials are reviewed. In addition, the perspectives for future development are noted.
Luminescence anti‐counterfeiting derives from the easily changeable luminescence behaviors of luminescence materials under the regulation of various external stimuli (such as excitation light, ...chemical reagent, heat, and mechanical force, etc.) and luminescence lifetime, which plays an important role in preventing forgery of currency, artworks, and product brands. According to the numbers of changes of anti‐counterfeiting labels under various regulation conditions, luminescence anti‐counterfeiting can be classified into three levels from elementary to advanced: single‐level anti‐counterfeiting, double‐level anti‐counterfeiting, and multilevel anti‐counterfeiting. In this review, the recent achievements in luminescence anti‐counterfeiting are summarized, and the regulation of various factors to anti‐counterfeiting labels is discussed. Finally, existing problems, future challenges, and possible development directions are proposed in order to realize facile, quick, low‐cost, environmentally friendly, and difficult‐to‐replicate advanced luminescence anti‐counterfeiting.
The luminescence of anti‐counterfeiting labels can be triggered or changed by excitation light, luminescence lifetime, chemical reagents, heat, mechanical force, or rotation. In this review, according to the numbers of changes of anti‐counterfeiting labels under various regulation conditions, anti‐counterfeiting strategies are classified into three levels: single‐level, double‐level, and multilevel anti‐counterfeiting, and the state‐of‐the‐art research on luminescence anti‐counterfeiting are presented.
Inorganic materials functionalized with organic fluorescent molecules combine advantages of them both, showing potential applications in biomedicine, chemosensors, light‐emitting, and so on. However, ...when more traditional organic dyes are doped into the inorganic materials, the emission of resulting hybrid materials may be quenched, which is not conducive to the efficiency and sensitivity of detection. In contrast to the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) system, the aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with high solid quantum efficiency, offer new potential for developing highly efficient inorganic‐organic hybrid luminescent materials. So far, many AIEgens have been incorporated into inorganic materials through either physical doping caused by aggregation induced emission (AIE) or chemical bonding (e.g., covalent bonding, ionic bonding, and coordination bonding) caused by bonding induced emission (BIE) strategy. The hybrid materials exhibit excellent photoactive properties due to the intramolecular motion of AIEgens is restricted by inorganic matrix. Recent advances in the fabrication of AIEgens‐functionalized inorganic‐organic hybrid materials and their applications in biomedicine, chemical sensing, and solid‐state light emitting are presented.
Aggregation‐induced emission luminogens functionalized with inorganic‐organic hybrid materials combine the benefits of inorganic and organic components, showing significant advantages in tunable emission, excellent biocompatibility, bright fluorescence, high photostability, and facile surface functionalization, which can be used as efficient fluorescent probes in biomedicine, chemical sensing, and solid‐state light emitting.
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Flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity, high flexibility, lightness and easy integration have been extensively researched in the fields of electronic skin, wearable devices, ...medical diagnosis, physical health detection and artificial intelligence. This review summarizes the latest research progress of piezoresistive pressure sensors, capacitive pressure sensors, and piezoelectric pressure sensors. In addition, high-performance flexible pressure sensors designed for different application requirements such as self-powered pressure sensors, multifunctional pressure sensors, and self-healing pressure sensors are also discussed. After a comprehensive description of the latest flexible pressure sensors, we discussed the current challenges and potential prospects of flexible pressure sensors. Exploring new sensing mechanisms, seeking new functional materials, and developing novel integrated technologies for flexible devices will be the key direction in the sensor field in the future.
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