Fucoxanthin is a natural carotenoid that had never been previously demonstrated to have anti-tumor effect on human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC-7901 or BGC-823 cells. Here it was found to inhibit ...proliferation and induce apoptosis through JAK/STAT signal pathway in these cells; the mechanism by which this occurred was investigated. We find that fucoxanthin significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells by propidium iodide (PI) dye staining and flow cytometry. Fucoxanthin (50 or 75 μM) induced SGC-7901 cells cycle arrest at S phase, while BGC-823 cells arrest at G2/M phase. RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expressions of Mcl-1, STAT3 and p-STAT3 were obviously decreased by fucoxanthin in a dose-dependent manner. Synthetic siRNA targeting Mcl-1 was transfected into cells which had no effect on expressions of STAT3. After pretreatment with AG490 (50 μM) which led to blocking of the JAK/STAT signal pathway, the reductive expressions of Mcl-1, STAT3 and p-STAT3 caused by fucoxanthin were inhibited. This is the first analysis of effects on SGC-7901 and BGC-823 cells by fucoxanthin. Fucoxanthin can induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in these cells. These effects involved downregulation of Mcl-1, STAT3 and p-STAT3. This work is significant for better understanding of mechanisms leading to human gastric adenocarcinoma formation and informing exploitation of anti-tumor marine drug, and for providing Mcl-1 and STAT3 as potential therapeutic targets for gastric adenocarcinoma.
Highlights
The design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing are comprehensively reviewed, including versatile conductive agents, the various forms of conductive wound ...dressings, and different in vivo applications.
Three main strategies of which conductive biomaterials realizing their applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering are discussed.
The challenges and perspectives in designing multifunctional conductive biomaterials and further clinical translation are proposed.
Conductive biomaterials based on conductive polymers, carbon nanomaterials, or conductive inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering, owing to the similar conductivity to human skin, good antioxidant and antibacterial activities, electrically controlled drug delivery, and photothermal effect. However, a review highlights the design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue engineering is lacking. In this review, the design and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials with various structural forms including film, nanofiber, membrane, hydrogel, sponge, foam, and acellular dermal matrix for applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering and the corresponding mechanism in promoting the healing process were summarized. The approaches that conductive biomaterials realize their great value in healing wounds via three main strategies (electrotherapy, wound dressing, and wound assessment) were reviewed. The application of conductive biomaterials as wound dressing when facing different wounds including acute wound and chronic wound (infected wound and diabetic wound) and for wound monitoring is discussed in detail. The challenges and perspectives in designing and developing multifunctional conductive biomaterials are proposed as well.
Diversified music education has already been the major way of music teaching in nowadays society of our country and the related government also make the guidelines and slogans that we should carry ...forward national music and have a better understanding of the diversification of music to set the clear direction for the future of music education. Targeting at the diversification of music education, scholars analyze and study from different aspects to deepen the understanding of the diversification of music education in the big data environment. The paper herein will mainly research aspects of strengthening the basic education music, cultivating the diversified abilities of teachers and constructing multiple teaching forms to promote the development of the diversification of music education.
Soaring cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are pummeling the global health system. Overwhelmed health facilities have endeavored to mitigate the pandemic, but mortality of COVID-19 continues to ...increase. Here, we present a mortality risk prediction model for COVID-19 (MRPMC) that uses patients' clinical data on admission to stratify patients by mortality risk, which enables prediction of physiological deterioration and death up to 20 days in advance. This ensemble model is built using four machine learning methods including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosted Decision Tree, and Neural Network. We validate MRPMC in an internal validation cohort and two external validation cohorts, where it achieves an AUC of 0.9621 (95% CI: 0.9464-0.9778), 0.9760 (0.9613-0.9906), and 0.9246 (0.8763-0.9729), respectively. This model enables expeditious and accurate mortality risk stratification of patients with COVID-19, and potentially facilitates more responsive health systems that are conducive to high risk COVID-19 patients.
Currently, resistance against cisplatin (DDP) is a frequent problem for the success of advanced gastric carcinoma (GC) chemotherapy. Here, we sought to investigate the function of activating ...transcription factor 3 (ATF3) n GC chemoresistance.
Expression of ATF3 was determined in GC cell lines (MNK45, SGC7901, and BGC823) and cisplatin (DDP)-resistant cells (SGC7901/DDP and BGC823/DDP). Biological informatics was performed to analyze ATF3 expression and prognosis in GC patients. Cisplatin resistance was evaluated. Ferroptosis was detected after ATF3 transfection of cells. The underlying molecular mechanism was also investigated.
Transcripts of ATF3 were decreased in GC cells and GC tissues. Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis revealed that ATF3 expression was positively related to the overall survival of GC patients. In particular, lower levels of ATF3 were observed in cisplatin-resistant SGC7901/DDP and BGC823/DDP relative to their parental cells. Notably, ATF3 elevation sensitized cisplatin-resistant cells to cisplatin. Mechanically, compared with parental cells, SGC7901/DDP and BGC823/DDP cells exhibited lower ferroptosis evident by lower ROS, MDA and lipid peroxidation and higher intracellular GSH levels. However, ATF3 elevated ferroptosis in SGC7901/DDP and BGC823/DDP cells. Intriguingly, ATF3 overexpression together with ferroptosis activator erastin or RSL3 treatment further enhanced ferroptosis and cisplatin resistance; however, the ferroptosis suppressor liproxstatin-1 reversed the function of ATF3 in ferroptosis and cisplatin resistance. Additionally, cisplatin-resistant cells exhibited stronger activation of Nrf2/Keap1/xCT signaling relative to parental cells, which was restrained by ATF3 up-regulation. Importantly, restoring Nrf2 signaling overturned ATF3-mediated ferroptosis and cisplatin resistance.
ATF3 may sensitize GC cells to cisplatin by induction of ferroptosis via blocking Nrf2/Keap1/xCT signaling, supporting a promising therapeutic approach for overcoming chemoresistance in GC.
Based on first-principles calculations and effective model analysis, we propose that the WC-type HfC, in the absence of spin-orbit coupling (SOC), can host a three-dimensional nodal chain semimetal ...state. Distinguished from the previous material IrF_{4} T. Bzdusek et al., Nature 538, 75 (2016), the nodal chain here is protected by mirror reflection symmetries of a simple space group, while in IrF_{4} the nonsymmorphic space group with a glide plane is a necessity. Moreover, in the presence of SOC, the nodal chain in WC-type HfC evolves into Weyl points. In the Brillouin zone, a total of 30 pairs of Weyl points in three types are obtained through the first-principles calculations. Besides, the surface states and the pattern of the surface Fermi arcs connecting these Weyl points are studied, which may be measured by future experiments.
An efficient synthesis of cyanoalkylated heteroarenes via iron-catalyzed direct C–H cyanoalkylation of heteroarenes has been developed. Structurally diverse cyanoalkyl motifs generated through C–C ...bond cleavage of cyclobutanone oxime esters have been introduced into quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, flavone, benzothiazoles, and caffeine in good to excellent yields. Remarkably, less-strained cyclopentanone and unstrained cyclohexanone oxime esters were also amenable substrates in this cyanoalkylation reaction.
Fine particulate matter (PM
2.5
) pollution is a key issue affecting the health of urban residents. To explore the impact of urban building form on PM
2.5
pollution, this study focused on Wuhan, a ...Chinese megacity. Based on the urban building data, various building form indices were first calculated in grids to quantitatively present the spatial distribution of urban buildings. The city-scale PM
2.5
distribution was obtained with satellite remote sensing and ground air pollution monitoring data. The impact of urban building forms on PM
2.5
pollution distribution was then analyzed. The results show that the changes in PM
2.5
concentration in Wuhan in the north–south direction have a relatively obvious correlation with the windward area ratio of buildings. The dense north–south buildings can slow the spread of near-surface particulate pollution. This finding demonstrates that the building blocking effect of PM
2.5
diffusion in Wuhan is significant. The results of this study can provide a reference for urban planning, architectural design, and air pollution control strategies.
• Different phosphorus (P)-acquisition strategies may be relevant for species coexistence and plant performance in terrestrial communities on P-deficient soils. However, how interspecific P ...facilitation functions in natural systems is largely unknown.
• We investigated the root physiological activities for P mobilization across 19 coexisting plant species in steppe vegetation, and then grew plants with various abilities to mobilize sorbed P in a microcosm in a glasshouse.
• We show that P facilitation mediated by rhizosphere processes of P-mobilizing species promoted growth and increased P content of neighbors in a species-specific manner. When roots interacted with a facilitating neighbor, Cleistogenes squarrosa and Bromus inermis tended to show greater plasticity of root proliferation or rhizosheath acid phosphatase activity compared with other non-P-mobilizing species. Greater variation in these root traits was strongly correlated with increased performance in the presence of a facilitator. The results also show, for the first time, that P facilitation was an important mechanism underlying a positive complementarity effect.
• Our study highlights that interspecific P-acquisition facilitation requires that facilitated neighbors exhibit a better match of root traits with a facilitating species. It provides a better understanding of species coexistence in P-limited communities.
Four compounds (
,
,
, and
) were first isolated from the genus
. nom. conserv., and six known compounds (
-
,
,
, and
) were isolated from the
of
(L.) DC. Their structures were confirmed by ...spectroscopic data. Herein, compounds
-
were rhapontigenin, trans-resveratrol, 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6,3',5'-trimethoxy-isoflavone, irisflorentin, 6-hydroxybiochannin A, iridin S, pinoresinol, 31-norsysloartanol, isoiridogermanal, and iristectorene B, respectively. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against five tumor cell lines (BT549, 4T1, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468). Among them, compound
(an iridal-type triterpenoid) showed the highest activity against 4T1 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Further studies displayed that compound
inhibited cell metastasis, induced cells cycle arrest in the G1 phase, exhibited significant mitochondrial damage in 4T1 and MDA-MB-468 cells including excess reactive oxygen species, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced 4T1 and MDA-MB-468 cell apoptosis for the first time. In summary, these findings demonstrate that compound
exerts promising potential for triple-negative breast cancer treatment and deserves further evaluation.
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