HIAF (High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility), a new facility planned in China for heavy ion related researches, consists of two ion sources, a high intensity Heavy Ion Superconducting Linac ...(HISCL), a 45 Tm Accumulation and Booster Ring (ABR-45) and a multifunction storage ring system. The key features of HIAF are unprecedented high pulse beam intensity and versatile operation mode. The HIAF project aims to expand nuclear and related researches into presently unreachable region and give scientists possibilities to conduct cutting-edge researches in these fields. The general description of the facility is given in this article with a focus on the accelerator design.
Abstract
1
T
-TaS
2
undergoes successive phase transitions upon cooling and eventually enters an insulating state of mysterious origin. Some consider this state to be a band insulator with interlayer ...stacking order, yet others attribute it to Mott physics that support a quantum spin liquid state. Here, we determine the electronic and structural properties of 1
T
-TaS
2
using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction. At low temperatures, the 2π/2c-periodic band dispersion, along with half-integer-indexed diffraction peaks along the
c
axis, unambiguously indicates that the ground state of 1
T
-TaS
2
is a band insulator with interlayer dimerization. Upon heating, however, the system undergoes a transition into a Mott insulating state, which only exists in a narrow temperature window. Our results refute the idea of searching for quantum magnetism in 1
T
-TaS
2
only at low temperatures, and highlight the competition between on-site Coulomb repulsion and interlayer hopping as a crucial aspect for understanding the material’s electronic properties.
Fe3O4@C microcapsules were prepared using carbon-coated α-FeOOH nanorods as precursors, which were synthesized via two-step hydrothermal reactions. During the subsequent sintering procedure, α-FeOOH ...was reduced to Fe3O4 by carbon, accompanied by the formation of mesopores. In Fe3O4@C microcapsules, mesoporous Fe3O4 nanorods are coated with amorphorous carbon layers. The Fe3O4/C composites with such special structures demonstrate high specific capacity and good cyclic stability as anode materials in Li test cells.
Summary Purpose Data on the association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) are sparse for Asian populations who are leaner than Western populations. We evaluated the ...association between BMI and risk of total knee replacement (TKR) due to severe KOA among Chinese in Singapore. Methods We used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS), a population-based prospective cohort of 63,257 Chinese men and women, aged 45–74 years at enrollment from 1993 to 1998. Information on height, weight, diet and lifestyle factors were obtained via in-person interviews. TKR cases for severe KOA were identified via linkage with the nationwide hospital discharge database through 2011. Cox regression and weighted least squares regression were used in the analysis. Results The mean BMI among cohort participants was 23.1 kg/m2 , and more than two-thirds had BMI below 25 kg/m2 . A total of 1649 had TKR attributable to severe KOA. Risk of TKR increased in a strong dose-dependent manner with increasing BMI throughout the 15–32 kg/m2 range and became less clear at BMI >32 kg/m2 . In the BMI range 16–27 kg/m2 , there was a 27% increase in TKR risk for each unit increase in BMI ( P for trend < 0.001). Compared to BMI 19–20 kg/m2 , the risk estimates of TKR were all statistically significant with increasing unit of BMI ≥21 kg/m2 . Results were similar for men and women. Conclusion Our results provided evidence for a constant mechanical mechanism underlying BMI and KOA initiation and/or progression.
Materials that crystallize in diamond-related lattices, with Si and GaAs as their prime examples, are at the foundation of modern electronics. Simultaneously, inversion asymmetries in their crystal ...structure and relativistic spinorbit coupling led to discoveries of non-equilibrium spin-polarization phenomena that are now extensively explored as an electrical means for manipulating magnetic moments in a variety of spintronic structures. Current research of these relativistic spinorbit torques focuses primarily on magnetic transition-metal multilayers. The low-temperature diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As, in which spinorbit torques were initially discovered, has so far remained the only example showing the phenomenon among bulk non-centrosymmetric ferromagnets. Here we present a general framework, based on the complete set of crystallographic point groups, for identifying the potential presence and symmetry of spinorbit torques in non-centrosymmetric crystals. Among the candidate room-temperature ferromagnets we chose to use NiMnSb, which is a member of the broad family of magnetic Heusler compounds. By performing all-electrical ferromagnetic resonance measurements in single-crystal epilayers of NiMnSb we detect room-temperature spinorbit torques generated by eective elds of the expected symmetry and of a magnitude consistent with our ab initio calculations.
While cross-sectional and retrospective case–control studies suggest that gout is associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), no prospective study has evaluated the risk of total knee replacement ...(TKR) for KOA in association with gout. We prospectively evaluated the association between gout and the risk of TKR due to severe KOA.
We used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS), a prospective cohort with 63,257 Chinese adults aged 45–74 years at recruitment (1993–1998). Self-report of physician-diagnosed gout was enquired at follow-up I interview (1999–2004) from 52,322 subjects. TKR cases for KOA after follow-up I were identified via linkage with nationwide hospital discharge database through 31 December 2011. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied with adjustment for potential risk factors of KOA.
Among 51,858 subjects (22,180 men and 29,678 women) included in this analysis, after average 9.7 follow-up years, there were 1,435 cases of TKR. Gout was associated with 39% higher risk of TKR in women hazard ratio (HR) 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.79 but not in men (HR 0.78; 95% CI 0.49–1.23). The positive gout-TKR association in women remained after excluding participants with self-reported history of arthritis (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.04–2.37). This association was stronger in women who were lean (body mass index BMI < 23 kg/m2) (HR 2.17; 95% CI 1.30–3.64) compared to their heavier counterparts (Pinteraction = 0.016).
Gout is associated with risk of severe KOA, especially in lean women, suggesting the crystal arthritis may play a role in the pathogenesis or progression of OA.
The transfer of university technology22This study adopts the definition of university technology transfer suggested by Siegel et al. (2003).to industry involves a multitude of mechanisms which can be ...broken down into an even larger number of activities. These mechanisms and activities include launching technology-oriented start-ups, and providing the following: collaborative research, contract research, consulting services, technology licensing, graduate education, advanced training for enterprise staff, exchange of research staff, and other forms of formal or informal information transfer. Taking Taiwan's universities as a research base, this study intends to identify the critical drivers affecting the performance of university technology transfer. The Fuzzy Delphi method, interpretive structural modeling (ISM), and the analytic network process (ANP) are employed sequentially to derive the relative importance of the various performance drivers. Human capital and institutional/cultural resources are the two most emphasized resources for the improvement of university technology transfer in Taiwan. Some policy implications are derived on the basis of these results.
•The activities of university technology transfer are composed of various mechanisms.•This study identifies the performance drivers of university technology transfer in Taiwan.•This study applies multi-criteria decision-making methods to obtain the weights of performance drivers.•The weights of performance drivers could serve as a reference to improve university technology transfer in Taiwan.
Summary Purpose Data on the effects of cigarette smoking with osteoarthritis (OA) are inconsistent and no study has examined the effect of smoking cessation. We examined smoking status, duration, ...dosage and cessation in association with risk of total knee replacement (TKR) for severe knee OA among elderly Chinese in Singapore. Methods We used data from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based prospective cohort of 63,257 Chinese men and women aged 45–74 years during enrollment between 1993 and 1998. Detailed information on smoking, current diet and lifestyle factors were obtained through in person interviews. As of 31 December 2011, 1,973 incident TKR cases for severe knee OA had been identified via linkage with nationwide hospital discharge database. We used Cox regression methods to examine smoking in relation to TKR risk with adjustment for age, gender, education, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities and physical activity level. Results Compared to never smokers, current smokers had a 51% decrease in risk of TKR Hazards ratio (HR) = 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.40–0.60. Among current smokers, there was a very strong dose-dependent association between increasing duration and dosage of smoking with decreasing risk of TKR ( P for trend <0.0001). Among former smokers, there was a dose-dependent response between decrease in duration of smoking cessation and reduction in TKR risk ( P for trend = 0.034). Conclusion Our findings strongly implicate smoking as a protective factor for TKR indicated for severe knee OA. This concurs with experimental data that nicotine promotes proliferation and collagen synthesis in chondrocytes.
Stimulation with ultrafast light pulses can realize and manipulate states of matter with emergent structural, electronic and magnetic phenomena. However, these non-equilibrium phases are often ...transient and the challenge is to stabilize them as persistent states. Here, we show that atomic-scale PbTiO
/SrTiO
superlattices, counterpoising strain and polarization states in alternate layers, are converted by sub-picosecond optical pulses to a supercrystal phase. This phase persists indefinitely under ambient conditions, has not been created via equilibrium routes, and can be erased by heating. X-ray scattering and microscopy show this unusual phase consists of a coherent three-dimensional structure with polar, strain and charge-ordering periodicities of up to 30 nm. By adjusting only dielectric properties, the phase-field model describes this emergent phase as a photo-induced charge-stabilized supercrystal formed from a two-phase equilibrium state. Our results demonstrate opportunities for light-activated pathways to thermally inaccessible and emergent metastable states.
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is more common in women, and may be related to reproductive or hormonal factors. We evaluated these factors with the risk of total knee replacement (TKR) for severe knee OA ...among women.
The Singapore Chinese Health Study recruited 63,257 Chinese aged 45–74 years from 1993 to 1998, and among them, 35,298 were women. Information on height, weight, lifestyle factors, number of biological children, ages at menarche and menopause, and use of hormonal therapies was collected through interviews. Incident cases of TKR were identified via linkage with nationwide database.
There were 1,645 women with TKR after mean follow-up of 14.8 years. Higher parity was associated with increased TKR risk in a stepwise manner (P for trend <0.001). Compared to nulliparous women, those with ≥5 children had the highest risk hazard ratio (HR) 2.01, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 1.50–2.70. The effect of parity on TKR risk was significantly stronger among lean women compared to heavier women; HRs (95% CIs) for highest parity was 4.86 (2.22–10.63) for women with body mass index (BMI) <23 kg/m2 and 1.57 (1.14–2.14) for those ≥23 kg/m2 (P for interaction = 0.001). Earlier age at menarche and use of oral contraceptives were significantly associated with TKR in a stepwise manner (P for trend ≤0.002). Age at menopause and use of hormonal therapy were not associated with TKR risk.
Higher parity, earlier age of menarche and use of oral contraceptives were associated with increased risk of TKR for severe knee OA among women.
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