This paper summarizes the presentations and discussions at a workshop held during the Fourth International BCI Meeting charged with reviewing and evaluating the current state, limitations and future ...development of P300-based brain-computer interface (P300-BCI) systems. We reviewed such issues as potential users, recording methods, stimulus presentation paradigms, feature extraction and classification algorithms, and applications. A summary of the discussions and the panel's recommendations for each of these aspects are presented.
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•Preparation of thiosemicarbazone TSC (HL).•Synthesis of transitions metal(II) complexes (Co, Ni, Pd and Zn) with HL.•Characterization by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, single ...crystal X-ray diffraction spectroscopy.•Antibacterial and antifungal studies.
Metal(II) complexes of the type Co(S-HL)2Cl2 and Ni(N,S-L)2, Pd(N,S-L)2, Zn(N,S-L)2, were synthesized from the reaction of HL with metal(II) chlorides. All complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods, such as elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. In the Co(S-HL)2Cl2 complex, the cobalt atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the cobalt(II) ion, with two neutral monodentate S-thiosemicarbazone ligands coordinating via one of the thiocarbonyl sulfur atom and two chlorides. In the Ni(N,S-L)2 and Pd(N,S-L)2 complexes, HL ligand is coordinated with the metal center, as a mono anionic bidentate N,S donors which are in trans position and that metal(II) ions adopt square planar coordination. Zn(N,S-L)2 indicates that the anionic thiosemicarbazone ligands bind to the metal in a distorted tetrahedral arrangement with N,S donor atoms. The antimicrobial activity of the ligand and metal(II) complexes were studied against bacterial strains and fungal stain. It was observed that the ligand showed weaker activity than the metal complexes. The Zn(II) complex had the best antibacterial activity against E. faecalis, while the Co(II) complex showed the best activity against S. aureus bacteria. Co(II) and Pd(II) complexes were relatively more effective against Gram-negative bacteria. It was determined that metal complexes were less effective against gram negative bacteria compared to gram positive bacteria. A little antifungal activity was observed in Zn(II) and Co(II) complexes.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of an artificial intelligence (AI) system employing deep learning for identifying dental plaque, utilizing a dataset comprising ...photographs of permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: In this study, photographs of 168 teeth belonging to 20 patients aged between 10 and 15 years, who met our criteria, were included. Intraoral photographs were taken of the patients in two stages, before and after the application of the plaque staining agent. To train the AI system to identify plaque on teeth with dental plaque that is not discolored, plaque and teeth were marked on photos with exposed dental plaque. One hundred forty teeth were used to construct the training group, while 28 teeth were used to create the test group. Another dentist reviewed images of teeth with dental plaque that was not discolored, and the effectiveness of AI in detecting plaque was evaluated using pertinent performance indicators. To compare the AI model and the dentist’s evaluation outcomes, the mean intersection over union (IoU) values were evaluated by the Wilcoxon test. Results: The AI system showed higher performance in our study with a precision of 82% accuracy, 84% sensitivity, 83% F1 score, 87% accuracy, and 89% specificity in plaque detection. The area under the curve (AUC) value was found to be 0.922, and the IoU value was 76%. Subsequently, the dentist’s plaque diagnosis performance was also evaluated. The IoU value was 0.71, and the AUC was 0.833. The AI model showed statistically significantly higher performance than the dentist ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: The AI algorithm that we developed has achieved promising results and demonstrated clinically acceptable performance in detecting dental plaque compared to a dentist.
Deep rolling (DR) is an effective mechanical surface treatment method to improve the fatigue properties of engineering components. In this method, the surface of the component was rolled using a ...roller with a predetermined force to obtain reduced roughness, hardness increases and compressive residual stresses in the surface region. These alterations allow for increasing the fatigue lives of the components in industrial applications. In the current study, DR was applied in tangential and longitudinal directions on specimens that were manufactured using EN-AW 6082-T6 aluminum. The resulting roughness, hardness and residual stresses were determined experimentally. Fatigue tests were carried out to determine the improvements in fatigue properties after DR. It was found that DR-induced compressive residual stresses depend on DR direction considerably. Due to this reason, fatigue strength improvements were found to be different for different DR direction applications. Longitudinal rolling resulted in a 23% fatigue strength increase compared to a 7% increase for tangential rolling. For both DR direction applications, fatigue cracks were shown to initiate at the sub-surface region, whereas the as-turned specimens exhibited surface crack initiation.
•Maternal obesity and neonatal infection are linked to offspring psychopathology.•We examined their effects on anxiety, spatial memory, and related neural transcripts.•Maternal high-fat ...diet + neonatal LPS exposure altered stress-related mRNA levels.•Independent exposures did not affect anxiety phenotypes but impaired spatial memory.•Combined exposures normalized spatial memory-related gene expression and behavior.
Both neonatal infections and exposure to maternal obesity are inflammatory stressors in early life linked to increased rates of psychopathologies related to mood and cognition. Epidemiological studies indicate that neonates born to mothers with obesity have a higher likelihood of developing neonatal infections, however effects on offspring physiology and behavior resulting from the combination of these stressors have yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to explore immediate and persistent phenotypes resulting from neonatal lipopolysaccharide (nLPS) administration in rat offspring born to dams consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). Neural transcript abundance of genes involved with stress regulation and spatial memory were examined alongside related behaviors. At the juvenile age point, unlike offspring exposed to maternal HFD (mHFD) or nLPS alone, offspring with combined exposure to mHFD + nLPS displayed altered transcript abundances of stress-related genes in the ventral hippocampus (HPC) in a manner conducive to potentiating stress responses. For memory-related phenotypes, juveniles exposed to mHFD + nLPS exhibited normalized spatial memory and levels of memory-related gene expression in the dorsal HPC similar to control diet offspring, while control diet + nLPS, and mHFD offspring exhibited reduced levels of memory-related gene expression and impaired spatial memory. These findings suggest that dual exposure to unique inflammatory stressors in early life can disrupt neural stress regulation but normalize spatial memory processes.
The aim of the study was to determine if prematurely born children who had suffered intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) had more severe lung function abnormalities than those born an appropriate ...weight for gestational age (AGA). Analysis of the lung function results of 119 infants (median (range) gestational age of 30 (23-35) weeks) was undertaken. In total, 31 of the infants had suffered IUGR and were born small for gestational age (SGA). Functional residual capacity and airways resistance (Raw) were measured at a median post-natal age of 10 (6-24) months. Specific airway conductance (sGaw) was calculated from thoracic gas volume and Raw. The SGA children were born at a greater gestational age and had a lower body weight at testing than the AGA children. Raw and sGaw differed between the SGA and AGA children. Regression analysis demonstrated that lung volumes were significantly related to body weight at testing, Raw was related to IUGR, maternal smoking and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and sGaw to maternal smoking. In conclusion, these results suggest that prematurely born infants who have suffered intra-uterine growth retardation may be at increased risk of impaired lung function at follow-up.
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