The result of USRG-12 indicated that ultrasonication-processed (100°C, 12 h) red ginseng extracts had the highest amount of ginsenosides Rg3 (0.803%), Rg5 (0.167%), and Rk1 (0.175%).
In this paper,a semi-analytical method for the analysis of pile-supported embankments is proposed.The mathematic model describes the cooperative behavior of pile,pile cap,foundation soil,and ...embankment fills.Based on Terzaghi＇s 1D consolidation theory of saturated soil,the consolidation of foundation soil is calculated.The embankments with two different types of piles：floating piles and end-bearing piles are investigated and discussed.The results of axial force and skin friction distributions along the pile and the settlements of pile-supported embankments are presented.It is found that it takes a longer time for soil consolidation in the embankment with floating piles,compared with the case using end-bearing piles.The differential settlement between the pile and surrounding soil at the pile top is larger for the embankment with end-bearing piles,compared with the case of floating piles.
The status of two poorly known fiddler crabs, Uca iranica Pretzmann, 1971, from the Persian Gulf, and U. albimana (Kossmann, 1877), from the Red Sea, was studied using two mitochondrial genes: the ...large subunit (16S) ribosomal (r)RNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI). A molecular phylogeny shows both U. iranica and U. albimana to be members of a monophyletic U. lactea species-complex containing six taxa, with three highly supported internal clades. Uca iranica and U. albimana are the closest genetically, but are different enough to be considered valid species (16S rRNA nucleotide divergence > 7.0%, and COI > 11.9%), and form a highly supported “western” clade with U. annulipes (in line with the original morphological concept). A West Pacific “eastern” clade includes U. lactea in the north and the more widely ranging U. perplexa. An Australian endemic species, U. mjoebergi, forms a third monotypic clade.
6‐Hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced loss of dopamine (DA) neurons has served to produce an animal model of DA neuron loss in Parkinson's disease. We report here the use of 6‐OHDA to produce an in ...vitro model of this phenomena using dissociated cultures prepared from neonatal rat mesencephalon. Cultures were exposed to 6‐OHDA (40–100 μm, 15 min) in an antioxidant medium, and DA and GABA neurons evaluated by immunocytochemistry. 6‐OHDA induced morphological and biochemical signs of cell death in DA neurons within 3 h, followed by loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons within 2 days. In substantia nigra (SN) cultures, DA neurons were much more affected by 6‐OHDA than were GABA neurons. In contrast, DA neurons from the ventral tegmental area were only lost at higher, non‐specific concentrations of 6‐OHDA. The effects of 6‐OHDA on nigral DA neurons were blocked by inhibitors of high affinity DA transport and by z‐DEVD‐fmk (150 μm), a caspase inhibitor. Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) treatment reduced TUNEL labeling 3 h after 6‐OHDA exposure, but did not prevent loss of DA neurons at 48 h. Thus, 6‐OHDA can selectively destroy DA neurons in post‐natal cultures of SN, acting at least in part by initiating caspase‐dependent apoptosis, and this effect can be attenuated early but not late by GDNF.
In this work, a novel environmental-friendly waterborne polyurethane/ZnAl-layered double hydroxides/ZnO nanoparticles composite (WPU/ZnAl-LDHs/ZnO) was synthesized via in-situ polymerization. ...ZnAl-LDHs and ZnAl-LDHs/ZnO were synthesized by refluxing in an oil bath. In order to disperse ZnAl-LDHs/ZnO homogeneously into WPU matrix, ZnAl-LDHs/ZnO was firstly functionalized by isophorone diisocyanate. The incorporated content of ZnAl-LDHs/ZnO in the composite has profound effect on such physical properties as mechanical strength, thermal stability and water swelling. It is demonstrated that appropriate amount of ZnAl-LDHs/ZnO with good dispersion in the WPU matrix significantly improves the physical performance of the composites. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the composite was tested against G(-) Escherichia coli and G(+) Staphylococcus aureus. The results indicate that WPU incorporated with ZnAl-LDHs/ZnO shows strong antibacterial activity upon contact.
Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is a widely used animal model for identifying the biological basis of excessive exercise and starvation, 2 hallmarks of anorexia nervosa (AN). Anxiety is correlated with ...exercise in AN. Yet the anxiety level of animals in ABA has not been reported. We asked: Does food restriction as part of ABA induction change the anxiety level of animals? If so, is the degree of anxiety correlated with degree of hyperactivity? We used the open field test before food restriction and the elevated plus maze test (EPM) during food restriction to quantify anxiety among singly housed adolescent female mice and determined whether food restriction alone or combined with exercise (i.e., ABA induction) abates or increases anxiety. We show that food restriction, with or without exercise, reduced anxiety significantly, as measured by the proportion of entries into the open arms of EPM (35.73%, p = .04). Moreover, ABA-induced individuals varied in their open arm time measure of anxiety and this value was highly and negatively correlated to the individual's food restriction-evoked wheel activity during the 24 hr following the anxiety test (R = −.75, p = .004, N = 12). This correlation was absent among the exercise-only controls. In addition, mice with higher increase in anxiety ran more following food restriction. Our data suggest that food restriction-evoked wheel running hyperactivity can be used as a reliable and continuous measure of anxiety in ABA. The parallel relationship between anxiety level and activity in AN and ABA-induced female mice strengthens the animal model.
The effects of plasma power (1–1.8 kW), oxygen/fuel (0–2.5) and steam/fuel ratios (0–1) on the gasification characteristics of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) wastes have been determined in a ...microwave plasma reactor. GFRP, which is thermosetting plastic composed of glass fibers embedded within a polymer matrix, was used as an experimental sample. While carbon conversion increased with oxygen/fuel ratio, syngas heating value and cold gas efficiency decreased with oxygen supply due to the onset of combustion. With increasing steam/fuel ratio, water-gas shift and ion-reforming reaction favored higher concentration of H
2
. Increasing the plasma power was found to promote the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. The char surfaces of GFRP that were subjected to variable power and oxygen supplies were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.
A new approach to the control of electro-magneto-mechanical system is proposed in this paper. Conventionally, these systems are controlled based on the Maxwell system model via an on-off or PID ...control technique, which displays acceptable performance in the low frequency region, but not in the high frequency region where position control performance is greatly degraded. In order to improve the performance, a newly developed virtual 2
nd
order system modeling technique, SSID, is adopted for a complex electro-magnetomechanical system in the study. This technique states that any unknown system exposed to a random disturbance with unknown intensity can be identified in terms of a virtual 2
nd
order system model via the inverse process of a certain stochastic analysis. As a typical hybrid system, a solenoid valve is used as the target electro-magneto-mechanical system to study the modeling of the virtual 2
nd
order system. In order to confirm the performance of the proposed control strategy, autotuning PID controller in PWM mode is utilized. Simulations based on the conventional Maxwell system model with control via the bang-bang, autotuning PID, and the proposed virtual 2
nd
order system model approaches are conducted using MATLAB Simulink. Performance of these three systems in the low and high frequency bands is also compared. The simulation results reveal that the control performance of the virtual 2
nd
order system model is much improved compared with that of the Maxwell system model under autotuning PID and bang-bang controls in both low and high frequency regions, where the error is drastically reduced to approximately 1/5 of the original value.
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![A Detection of [C II] Line ...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/1538-4357_0004-637X/small "A Detection of [C II] Line Emission in the z = 4.7 QSO BR 1202–0725")
