Jurassic sandstones in the Xiongcun porphyry copper–gold district, southern Lhasa subterrane, Tibet, China were analysed for petrography, major oxides and trace elements, as well as detrital zircon ...U–Pb and Hf isotopes, to infer their depositional age, provenance, intensity of source-rock palaeo-weathering and depositional tectonic setting. This new information provides important evidence to constrain the tectonic evolution of the southern Lhasa subterrane during the Late Triassic – Jurassic period. The sandstones are exposed in the lower and upper sections of the Xiongcun Formation. Their average modal abundance (Q21F11L68) classifies them as lithic arenite, which is also supported by geochemical studies. The high chemical index of alteration values (77.19–85.36, mean 79.96) and chemical index of weathering values (86.19–95.59, mean 89.98) of the sandstones imply moderate to intensive weathering of the source rock. Discrimination diagrams based on modal abundance, geochemistry and certain elemental ratios indicate that felsic and intermediate igneous rocks constitute the source rocks, probably with a magmatic arc provenance. The detrital zircon ages (161–243 Ma) and εHf(t) values (+10.5 to +16.2) further constrain the sandstone provenance as subduction-related Triassic–Jurassic felsic and intermediate igneous rocks from the southern Lhasa subterrane. A tectonic discrimination method based on geochemical data of the sandstones, as well as detrital zircon ages from sandstones, reveals that the sandstones were most likely deposited in an oceanic island-arc setting. These results support the hypothesis that the tectonic background of the southern Lhasa subterrane was an oceanic island-arc setting, rather than a continental island-arc setting, during the Late Triassic – Jurassic period.
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality in both men and women across the globe. The disease has a quiet phenotype at first, which leads to chronic tumor ...development. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common kind of lung cancer, accounting for 85 percent of all lung malignancies. Autophagy has been described as an intracellular “recycle bin” where damaged proteins and molecules are degraded. Autophagy regulation is mainly dependent on signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), AKT, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). In the context of NSCLC, studies on these signaling pathways are inconsistent, but our literature review suggests that the inhibition of mTOR, PI3K/AKT, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways by different medications can active autophagy and inhibit NSCLC progression. In conclusion, signaling pathways related to autophagy are effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of NSCLC.
The development of highly safe and low‐cost aqueous batteries is of great significance in the background of carbon neutrality. However, the practical deployment of aqueous batteries has been plagued ...due to their relatively low capacity and poor cycling stability. Herein, we propose unique conversion electrochemistry of copper selenides for robust and energetic aqueous charge storage. In situ X‐ray diffraction and operando Raman techniques reveal a reversible transformation from CuSe to Cu2Se through the intermediates of Cu3Se2 and Cu1.8Se. Such a conversion process activates the redox carrier of Cu2+ ion and delivers a remarkable rate capability of 285 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 and electrochemical durability up to 30,000 cycles. Furthermore, Cu2+ and H+ coinsertion chemistry is proposed to facilitate the conversion process. As a proof‐of‐concept, a hybrid aqueous pouch cell coupling CuSe//Zn is capable of affording maximum energy and power densities of 190 Wh kg–1 and 1366 W kg−1, respectively.
Conversion electrochemistry of copper selenides has been elaborated for robust and energetic aqueous batteries. In situ X‐ray diffraction and operando Raman techniques reveal a reversible transformation from CuSe to Cu2Se through the intermediates of Cu3Se2 and Cu1.8Se. The conversion mechanism enables superb rate capability of 285 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 and remarkable durability up to 30,000 cycles.
Lamprophyres are widespread in the Xiongcun porphyry copper-gold district in the southern margin of the Lhasa terrane. They represent the latest magmatism and cut all other rock types as well as ...orebodies in the Xiongcun district. Herein, we report the zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age, whole-rock major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of lamprophyre from the Xiongcun district. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields crystallization ages in Eocene at 47.03 ± 0.61Ma for the Xiongcun lamprophyre. The major element contents of the Xiongcun lamprophyres exhibit high Mg# along with calc-alkaline and ultrapotassic characteristics. The lamprophyres are enriched in LILEs (e.g., K, Rb, and Ba) and LREEs but depleted in HFSEs (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti). The Xiongcun lamprophyres are characterized by high (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios ranging from 0.71846 to 0.71858, low εNd(t) values ranging from –14.44 to –15.09, and enriched in radioactive Pb with (206Pb/204Pb)i, (207Pb/204Pb)i and (208Pb/204Pb)i ranging from 18.53–18.97, 15.62–15.75, and 38.75–39.53, respectively. On the basis of the geochemistry of the Xiongcun lamprophyres, we propose that they were derived from the partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle source that was metasomatized by fluids released from the subducted Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab and Indian continental crust. This enriched lithospheric mantle source is characterized by phlogopite- and garnet-bearing lherzolite. The break-off of the subducted Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab from the Indian continental lithosphere at 45~50 Ma resulted in asthenospheric upwelling through the slab window. Subsequently, the enriched lithospheric mantle was heated by the underlying hot asthenosphere and partially melted, generating the magma that ascended to form the Xiongcun lamprohyres in an extensional tectonic setting. The parent magmas were fractionated during their ascent, whereas the effect of crustal assimilation on the magma was limited.
In this paper, we present an atomistic-based interphase zone model (AIZM), discuss its physical foundation, and apply it to simulate fractures at small scales. The main technical ingredients of the ...atomistic-based multiscale finite element method are: (1) a colloidal crystal model to describe material interface degradation including slip planes, grain boundaries, cracks, and inhomogeneities; (2) implementation of the reduced integration and hour-glass model control technique to avoid locking inside the interphase element, and (3) introduction of a novel concept of “element stacking fault energy”, which can be utilized in simulations to distinguish ductile and brittle failures at small scales. In particular, AIZM provides an interface description that is consistent with the bulk material properties, and it can capture microstructure-based mixed-mode interfacial fracture automatically. The method may provide a mesoscale solution for polycrystalline solids by bridging the gap between fine scale molecular dynamics and macroscale continum dynamics.
We have determined the ages of the ore-bearing Bangpu porphyries and the age of formation of an associated Mo–Cu ore deposit using the LA–ICPMS zircon U–Pb and the molybdenite Re–Os methods. Zircons ...from two adamellite porphyries give ages of 14.07±0.08Ma and 14.96±0.16Ma, and zircons from a diorite porphyry give an age of 15.30±0.25Ma. The ages of three molybdenite samples are 14.96±0.23Ma, 15.08±0.23Ma and 16.61±0.23Ma. Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) are enriched in the ore-bearing adamellite, which is shoshonitic and peraluminous, while Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREE) and Y are strongly depleted, indicating an adakitic affinity. In contrast to other deposits formed in the post-collisional Gangdese belt, the Rb/Sr ratio in Bangpu is high, demonstrating more crustal contamination. The geochemistry of the ore-bearing diorite porphyry differs significantly from that of the ore-bearing adamellite. The diorite porphyry displays a reverse slope in its REE (Rare Earth Element) pattern, and is shoshonitic and metaluminous. The geochronology and geochemistry of both ore-bearing rocks indicate that the Bangpu ore deposit is related to two different source regions in a post-collisional environment. The metallic minerals formed mainly during the older diorite porphyry stage, but they were recycled and reactivated during adamellite magmatism. The sources of the mineralising fluids, and the evolution of the northern GPCB (Gangdese Porphyry Copper Belt), where the Bangpu ore deposit is located, are more complex than in the southern GPCB.
► The zircon U–Pb ages of adamellite and diorite are 14.07–14.96Ma and 15.30Ma, respectively. ► The Re–Os isotope ages of the molybdenite are 14.96–16.61Ma. ► The geochemistry of the adamellite indicates an adakitic affinity. ► The geochemistry of the diorite is different from that of adamellite. ► The metallic minerals formed in two stages.
The Duobuza deposit is the first porphyry-type copper deposit discovered with giant prospect in the Bangongco metallogenic belt. Geochemical data indicates that the ore-bearing Duobuza granodiorite ...porphyry is high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and peraluminous composition. The ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry is enriched in large-ion lithophile elements(LILE) such as Rb, K, Th, La, Ce and Sr, and depleted in high-field-strength elements(HFSE) such as Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. The rare-earth element (REE) patterns show enrichment in light REEs relative to heavy REEs. The major, rareearth, and trace elements of the ore-bearing granodiorite porphyry show characteristics of adakites, formed in an island arc setting. The laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb age of the orebearing granodiorite porphyry is 123.4±1.2 Ma (MSWD = 1.7), which also represents the age of the copper-mineralization. Together with the age data of the early Cretaceous magmatic rocks in the Bangongco–Nujiang suture zone and the middle-northern Gangdese, it indicates that there was bidirectional (northward and southward) subduction of the Bangongco–Nujiang ocean during 120 Ma, and the Duobuza deposit was related to this event.
Gallium oxide (Ga2O3), as a new kind of ultra−wide band gap semiconductor material, is widely studied in many fields, such as power electronics, UV − blind photodetectors, solar cells and so on. ...Owing to the advantages of its excellent performance and broad application prospects in semiconductor technology, Ga2O3 materials have attracted extensive academic and technological attention. This review mainly focuses on introducing the main liquid−phase synthesis methods of Ga2O3 nanoparticles, such as direct–precipitation, chemical bath deposition, hydrothermal, solvothermal, and sol–gel method, including the characteristics in process and advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Then, the effects of reaction conditions, such as pH, capping agent, aging and calcination conditions, on the morphologies and sizes of the precursor and the final products were elucidated. Moreover, the applications of Ga2O3 particles in the fields of catalysis, gas sensors, and other devices in current research on Ga2O3 nanomaterials are discussed with the description of the basic working principle and influence factors.
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•The synthesis methods and the applications of Ga2O3 particles are reviewed.•The effects of reaction conditions on the morphology and size of Ga2O3 particles and its precursor are discussed.•The photoluminescence, photocatalytic and gas sensing performance of Ga2O3 particles are discussed.
The high expression of programmed cell death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a valid biological indicator of the therapeutic benefit of pembrolizumab in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, ...the response rate of NSCLC patients with positive PD-L1 expression to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is still low.
From January 2019 to January 2021, a retrospective study was conducted at the Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital. In total, 143 patients with advanced NSCLC were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the efficacy of the treatment complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable disease (SD), or progression disease (PD) was evaluated. Patients with a CR and PR were defined as an objective response (OR) group (n=67), and the other patients were defined as a control group (n=76). The differences in the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and clinical features between the 2 groups were compared, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of ctDNA in predicting the failure to achieve an OR after immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC, and a multivariate regression analysis was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the OR after immunotherapy in NSCLC patients. R4.0.3 statistical software (Ross Ihaka Robert Gentleman, New Zealand) was used to establish and verify the prediction model of OR after immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.
CtDNA was valuable in predicting the non-OR of patients with NSCLC after immunotherapy, and the area under the curve was 0.750 95% CI: 0.673-0.828, P<0.001. CtDNA <3.72 ng/µL can be used to predict which NSCLC patients will achieve objective remission after immunotherapy (P<0.001). Based on the regression model, a prediction model was established. The data set was randomly divided into the training set and validation set. The sample size of the training set was 72 and that of the validation set was 71. The area under the ROC curve of the training set was 0.850 (95% CI: 0.760-0.940), and that of the validation set was 0.732 (95% CI: 0.616-0.847).
CtDNA was valuable in predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.
Abstract 2D semiconductors have emerged as candidates for next‐generation electronics. However, previously reported 2D transistors which typically employ the gate‐first process to fabricate a ...back‐gate (BG) configuration while neglecting the thorough impact on the dielectric capping layer, are severely constrained in large‐scale manufacturing and compatibility with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this study, dual‐gate (DG) field‐effect transistors have been realized based on wafer‐scale monolayer MoS 2 and the gate‐last processing, which avoids the transfer process and utilizes an optimized top‐gate (TG) dielectric stack, rendering it highly compatible with CMOS technology. Subsequently, the physical mechanism of TG dielectric deposition and the corresponding controllable threshold voltage ( V TH ) shift is investigated. Then the fabricated TG‐devices with a large on/off ratio up to 1.7 × 10 9 , negligible hysteresis (≈14 mV), and favorable stability. Additionally, encapsulated TG structured photodetectors have been demonstrated which exhibit photo responsivity ( R ) up to 9.39 × 10 3 A W −1 and detectivity ( D * ) ≈2.13 × 10 13 Jones. The result paves the way for future CMOS‐compatible integration of 2D semiconductors for complex multifunctional IC applications.
