The current study addresses the question of the relation between ToM and children's epistemic humility - the tendency to acknowledge the limitations of one's knowledge while being open to another's ...input during socio-cognitive conflict regulation - in a cooperative problem-solving context. Sixty-four boys and girls between the ages of 5 to 9 years (32 same-gender dyads) were tested for their ToM with the Theory of Mind Test (TMT) and The Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC), and for their epistemic humility through an analysis of their spontaneous verbal interactions during the resolution of a dyadic spatial transformation task. The results showed that children with higher levels of ToM more frequently showed more epistemic humility when faced with conflicting ideas, even when age was taken into account. The results are discussed in terms of the processes underlying socio-cognitive conflict regulation in peer cooperation and their educational implications.
•7–9-year-old tend to display more openness to others' input during socio-cognitive conflict than 4–6-year-old do.•Children with higher ToM abilities show more epistemic humility during the regulation of socio-cognitive conflict.•Epistemic humility is partially explained by ToM abilities even when age is taken into account.•ToM appears to be useful and applicable in cooperative problem-solving situations.
Simulation results for future measurements of electromagnetic proton form factors at PANDA (FAIR) within the PandaRoot software framework are reported. The statistical precision with which the proton ...form factors can be determined is estimated. The signal channel (p) over barp -> e(+)e(-) is studied on the basis of two different but consistent procedures. The suppression of the main background channel, i.e. (p) over barp -> pi(+)pi(-), is studied. Furthermore, the background versus signal efficiency, statistical and systematical uncertainties on the extracted proton form factors are evaluated using two different procedures. The results are consistent with those of a previous simulation study using an older, simplified framework. However, a slightly better precision is achieved in the PandaRoot study in a large range of momentum transfer, assuming the nominal beam conditions and detector performance.
The exclusive electroproduction of
J/
ψ mesons,
ep→
epJ/
ψ, has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA for virtualities of the exchanged photon in the ranges
0.15<Q
2<0.8
GeV
2
and
2<Q
2<100
GeV
...2
using integrated luminosities of 69 and
83
pb
−1
, respectively. The photon–proton centre-of-mass energy was in the range
30<W<220
GeV
and the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex
|t|<1
GeV
2
. The cross sections and decay angular distributions are presented as functions of
Q
2,
W and
t. The effective parameters of the pomeron trajectory are in agreement with those found in
J/
ψ photoproduction. The spin-density matrix elements, calculated from the decay angular distributions, are consistent with the hypothesis of
s-channel helicity conservation. The ratio of the longitudinal to transverse cross sections,
σ
L
/
σ
T
, grows with
Q
2, whilst no dependence on
W or
t is observed. The results are in agreement with perturbative QCD calculations and exhibit a strong sensitivity to the gluon distribution in the proton.
Research on the intergenerational correlation of educational attainment (ICE) has long attempted to identify the impact of family background, specifically parent’s education. However, previous ...research has largely ignored genetic inheritance. We address this shortcoming by adopting a Multiple-Children-of-Twin design and decompose the ICE into its environmental and genetic transmission mechanisms. This decomposition reveals to what extent the impact of parents’ education operates through the rearing context and/or genetic factors. We use a register-based dataset from Norway, a context with egalitarian access to education. Our results show that the direct impact of parents’ education is negligible once genetic factors are accounted for. While genetic factors represent the main driver of the ICE, the genetic variants that mattered for educational attainment in the parent generation overlap only partially with those that mattered for their offspring’s attainment. Together, our findings complement common sociological narratives on how parent’s education affects offspring’s education by emphasizing the role of genetic transmission. Furthermore, our study challenges current research practices in genetics that overlook the importance of parallel changes in social structures and gene-expression over generations.
•We use a MCoT-design to study the intergenerational correlation of education in NO.•The impact of parent’s education is negligible once we account for genetics.•Findings emphasize the importance of egalitarian policies for genetic expression.•Genetics mainly explain educational differences, but genetic variants change over time.•Current research practices in genetics should consider social-structural changes.
This paper reports on Monte Carlo simulation results for future measurements of the moduli of time-like proton electromagnetic form factors,
|
G
E
|
and
|
G
M
|
, using the
p
¯
p
→
μ
+
μ
-
reaction ...at
P
¯
ANDA
(FAIR). The electromagnetic form factors are fundamental quantities parameterizing the electric and magnetic structure of hadrons. This work estimates the statistical and total accuracy with which the form factors can be measured at
P
¯
ANDA
, using an analysis of simulated data within the PandaRoot software framework. The most crucial background channel is
p
¯
p
→
π
+
π
-
, due to the very similar behavior of muons and pions in the detector. The suppression factors are evaluated for this and all other relevant background channels at different values of antiproton beam momentum. The signal/background separation is based on a multivariate analysis, using the Boosted Decision Trees method. An expected background subtraction is included in this study, based on realistic angular distributions of the background contribution. Systematic uncertainties are considered and the relative total uncertainties of the form factor measurements are presented.
Introdução: As células de Haller são descritas como células etmoidais aeradas, localizadas na margem inferior da órbita, próximas aos óstios dos seios maxilares. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe ...cônico (TCFC) tem amplo uso na odontologia, permitindo aquisição de imagens da região craniofacial. Objetivo: Identificar, em exames de TCFC, a relação da célula de Haller com as seguintes condições: sinusopatia, desvio de septo nasal ósseo, tratamento endodôntico e lesões periapicais. Materiais e métodos: Foram utilizados 99 exames de TCFC, sendo 51 incluídos nos critérios da pesquisa. As imagens foram analisadas no software Xelis Dental®, de maneira a identificar a presença ou não da célula de Haller, bem como sua relação com as condições citadas. Resultados: Dentre os 51 exames de TCFC avaliados, 35,3% apresentaram célula de Haller do lado direito e 23,5% no lado esquerdo. Levando-se em conta a relação das células de Haller com uma ou mais alterações aqui citadas, no lado direito a tivemos em 72% dos casos, enquanto no lado esquerdo tal relação se fez presente em 75% dos casos. Conclusão: Exames de TCFC que apresentam a margem infraorbital permitem verificar a presença ou ausência da célula de Haller. Nessa amostra, verificamos maior presença de casos de endodontia, desvio de septo e sinusopatia nos indivíduos que apresentaram células de Haller.
The P ¯ ANDA (anti-Proton ANnihiliation at DArmstadt) experiment will be one of the four flagship experiments at the new international accelerator complex FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion ...Research) in Darmstadt, Germany. P ¯ ANDA will address fundamental questions of hadron physics and quantum chromodynamics using high-intensity cooled antiproton beams with momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c and a design luminosity of up to 2 × 1032 cm−2 s−1. Excellent particle identification (PID) is crucial to the success of the P ¯ ANDA physics program. Hadronic PID in the barrel region of the target spectrometer will be performed by a fast and compact Cherenkov counter using the detection of internally reflected Cherenkov light (DIRC) technology. It is designed to cover the polar angle range from 22° to 140° and will provide at least 3 standard deviations (s.d.) π/K separation up to 3.5 GeV/c, matching the expected upper limit of the final state kaon momentum distribution from simulation. This documents describes the technical design and the expected performance of the P ¯ ANDA Barrel DIRC detector. The design is based on the successful BaBar DIRC with several key improvements. The performance and system cost were optimized in detailed detector simulations and validated with full system prototypes using particle beams at GSI and CERN. The final design meets or exceeds the PID goal of clean π/K separation with at least 3 s.d. over the entire phase space of charged kaons in the Barrel DIRC.
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