The ZEUS inclusive differential cross-section data from HERA, for charged and neutral current processes taken with e + and e- beams, together with differential cross-section data on inclusive jet ...production in e + p scattering and dijet production in \(\gamma p\) scattering, have been used in a new NLO QCD analysis to extract the parton distribution functions of the proton. The input of jet-production data constrains the gluon and allows an accurate extraction of \(\alpha_s(M_Z)\) at NLO; \(\alpha _{s} {\left( {M_{Z} } \right)} = 0.1183 \pm 0.0028{\left( {\exp .} \right)} \pm 0.0008{\left( {{\text{model}}} \right)}.\) An additional uncertainty from the choice of scales is estimated as \(\pm 0.005\). This is the first extraction of \(\alpha_s(M_Z)\) from HERA data alone.
Deep inelastic scattering and its diffractive component,
e
p
→
e
′
γ
∗
p
→
e
′
X
N
, have been studied at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of
4.2
pb
−1
. The measurement ...covers a wide range in the
γ
∗
p
c.m. energy
W (37–245 GeV), photon virtuality
Q
2 (2.2–80 GeV
2) and mass
M
X
(0.28–35 GeV). The diffractive cross section for
M
X
>
2
GeV
rises strongly with
W; the rise is steeper with increasing
Q
2. The latter observation excludes the description of diffractive deep inelastic scattering in terms of the exchange of a single pomeron. The ratio of diffractive to total cross section is constant as a function of
W, in contradiction to the expectation of Regge phenomenology combined with a naive extension of the optical theorem to
γ
∗
p
scattering. Above
M
X
of 8 GeV, the ratio is flat with
Q
2, indicating a leading-twist behaviour of the diffractive cross section. The data are also presented in terms of the diffractive structure function,
F
2
D
(
3
)
(
β
,
x
P
,
Q
2
)
, of the proton. For fixed
β, the
Q
2 dependence of
x
P
F
2
D
(
3
)
changes with
x
P
in violation of Regge factorisation. For fixed
x
P
,
x
P
F
2
D
(
3
)
rises as
β
→
0
, the rise accelerating with increasing
Q
2. These positive scaling violations suggest substantial contributions of perturbative effects in the diffractive DIS cross section.
Current approaches to multilingual document management employ human translation, machine translation (MT) or computer-assisted translation (CAT) systems to produce versions of a single document in ...several languages. However, recent advances in natural language generation (NLG) technology suggest that it is possible to implement language-independent systems to produce source language-unbiased multilingual documents in a more efficient & cost-reducing way. In this paper we introduce GenTur -- an authoring tool for producing multilingual tourism contracts. Special attention will be paid to two basic elements of its implementation: on the one hand, the XGTLing interlanguage for the discursive representation of contracts, &, on the other hand, the development of a system architecture that enables the aforementioned interlanguage to generate tourism contracts by means of the GT-Mth generation algorithm. Figures, References. Adapted from the source document
Exclusive electroproduction of
ϕ mesons has been studied in
e
±
p
collisions at
s
=
318
GeV
with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of
65.1
pb
−1
. The
γ
∗
p
cross section ...is presented in the kinematic range
2
GeV
2
<
Q
2
<
70
GeV
2
,
35
GeV
<
W
<
145
GeV
and
|
t
|
<
0.6
GeV
2
. The cross sections as functions of
Q
2
,
W,
t and helicity angle
θ
h
are compared to cross sections for other vector mesons. The ratios
R of the cross sections for longitudinally and transversely polarized virtual photons are presented as functions of
Q
2
and
W. The data are also compared to predictions from theoretical models.
This paper summarises a comprehensive Monte Carlo simulation study for precision resonance energy scan measurements. Apart from the proof of principle for natural width and line shape measurements of ...very narrow resonances with PANDA, the achievable sensitivities are quantified for the concrete example of the charmonium-like X(3872) state discussed to be exotic, and for a larger parameter space of various assumed signal cross-sections, input widths and luminosity combinations. PANDA is the only experiment that will be able to perform precision resonance energy scans of such narrow states with quantum numbers of spin and parities that differ from JPC=1--.
Diffractive photoproduction of dijets was measured with the ZEUS detector at the ep collider HERA using an integrated luminosity of 77.2 pb
-1
. The measurements were made in the kinematic range Q
2
...< 1 GeV
2
, 0.20<y<0.85 and x
IP
<0.025, where Q
2
is the photon virtuality, y is the inelasticity and x
IP
is the fraction of the proton momentum taken by the diffractive exchange. The two jets with the highest transverse energy, E
T
jet
, were required to satisfy E
T
jet
>7.5 and 6.5 GeV, respectively, and to lie in the pseudorapidity range -1.5<η
jet
<1.5. Differential cross sections were compared to perturbative QCD calculations using available parameterisations of diffractive parton distributions of the proton.
The ZEUS detector has been used to study dissociation of virtual photons in events with a leading proton, \(\gamma^{*} p \to X p\), in e + p collisions at HERA. The data cover photon virtualities in ...two ranges, 0.03 < Q2 < 0.60 GeV2 and 2 < Q2 < 100 GeV2, with MX > 1.5 GeV, where MX is the mass of the hadronic final state, X. Events were required to have a leading proton, detected in the ZEUS leading proton spectrometer, carrying at least 90% of the incoming proton energy. The cross section is presented as a function of t, the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex, \(\Phi\), the azimuthal angle between the positron scattering plane and the proton scattering plane, and Q2. The data are presented in terms of the diffractive structure function, \(F_2^{\smasht{D(3)}}\). A next-to-leading-order QCD fit to the higher-Q2 data set and to previously published diffractive charm production data is presented.
To assess the impact of patient movement characteristics and metal/radiopaque materials in the field-of-view (FOV) on CBCT image quality and interpretability.
162 CBCT examinations were performed in ...134 consecutive (i.e. prospective data collection) patients (age average: 27.2 years; range: 9-73). An accelerometer-gyroscope system registered patient's head position during examination. The threshold for movement definition was set at ≥0.5-mm movement distance based on accelerometer-gyroscope recording. Movement complexity was defined as uniplanar/multiplanar. Three observers scored independently: presence of stripe (i.e. streak) artefacts (absent/"enamel stripes"/"metal stripes"/"movement stripes"), overall unsharpness (absent/present) and image interpretability (interpretable/not interpretable). Kappa statistics assessed interobserver agreement. χ
tests analysed whether movement distance, movement complexity and metal/radiopaque material in the FOV affected image quality and image interpretability. Relevant risk factors (p ≤ 0.20) were entered into a multivariate logistic regression analysis with "not interpretable" as the outcome.
Interobserver agreement for image interpretability was good (average = 0.65). Movement distance and presence of metal/radiopaque materials significantly affected image quality and interpretability. There were 22-28 cases, in which the observers stated the image was not interpretable. Small movements (i.e. <3 mm) did not significantly affect image interpretability. For movements ≥ 3 mm, the risk that a case was scored as "not interpretable" was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased OR 3.2-11.3; 95% CI (0.70-65.47). Metal/radiopaque material was also a significant (p ≤ 0.05) risk factor (OR 3.61-5.05).
Patient movement ≥3 mm and metal/radiopaque material in the FOV significantly affected CBCT image quality and interpretability.
This study examined whether poor pointing gestures and imitative actions at 18 months of age uniquely predicted late language production at 36 months, beyond the role of poor language at 18 months of ...age. Data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study were utilized. Maternal reports of the children's nonverbal skills and language were gathered for 42,517 children aged 18 months and for 28,107 of the same children at 36 months. Panel analysis of latent variables revealed that imitative actions, language comprehension, and language production uniquely contributed to predicting late development of language production, while pointing gestures did not. It is suggested that the results can be explained by underlying symbolic representational skills at 18 months. Adapted from the source document
This study examined whether poor pointing gestures and imitative actions at 18 months of age uniquely predicted late language production at 36 months, beyond the role of poor language at 18 months of ...age. Data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study were utilized. Maternal reports of the children's nonverbal skills and language were gathered for 42,517 children aged 18 months and for 28,107 of the same children at 36 months. Panel analysis of latent variables revealed that imitative actions, language comprehension, and language production uniquely contributed to predicting late development of language production, while pointing gestures did not. It is suggested that the results can be explained by underlying symbolic representational skills at 18 months. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.)
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