Three ensembles designed to investigate condensed matter in complex environments have been developed recently on the AILES beamline at SOLEIL. They have been exploited for studies aiming at ...understanding the properties of water molecules and their network in various confining systems, namely:-a hydration and temperature-controlled cell for the study of water confined in nanoporous Vycor,-a high pressure set-up allowing the study of the evolution of water molecules network trapped in Faujasite through the pressure-induced amorphisation of the matrix material,-a temperature resolved electrochemical cell used to record FIR difference spectra of metalloproteins interacting with water molecules.
By combining the high infrared flux and collimation of the AILES beamline with these optimized sample environments, it is possible to measure the infrared and THz spectra for minute quantities of samples in precise physical conditions.
We present a general procedure to solve numerically the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) equations within the framework of the 3+1 formalism. The work reported here extends our ...previous investigation in general relativistic hydrodynamics (Banyuls et al. 1997) where magnetic fields were not considered. The GRMHD equations are written in conservative form to exploit their hyperbolic character in the solution procedure. All theoretical ingredients necessary to build up high-resolution shock-capturing schemes based on the solution of local Riemann problems (i.e., Godunov-type schemes) are described. In particular, we use a renormalized set of regular eigenvectors of the flux Jacobians of the relativistic MHD equations. In addition, the paper describes a procedure based on the equivalence principle of general relativity that allows the use of Riemann solvers designed for special relativistic MHD in GRMHD. Our formulation and numerical methodology are assessed by performing various test simulations recently considered by different authors. These include magnetized shock tubes, spherical accretion onto a Schwarzschild black hole, equatorial accretion onto a Kerr black hole, and magnetized thick disks accreting onto a black hole and subject to the magnetorotational instability.
Abundant data indicate that overexpression of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in mice inhibits atherosclerosis. One mechanism is believed to be promotion of reverse cholesterol transport, but no direct ...proof of this concept exists. We developed a novel approach to trace reverse transport of labeled cholesterol specifically from macrophages to the liver and feces in vivo and have applied this approach to investigate the ability of apoA-I overexpression to promote macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport.
J774 macrophages were loaded with cholesterol by incubation with acetylated LDL, labeled with 3H-cholesterol, and then injected intraperitoneally into mice. Plasma and feces were collected at 24 hours and 48 hours, when mice were exsanguinated, tissues were harvested, and all were analyzed for tracer counts. 3H-cholesterol was found in the plasma, liver, and feces. For apoA-I overexpression, mice were injected intravenously with apoA-I adenovirus (1011 particles per animal) 3 days before labeled macrophages were injected. ApoA-I overexpression led to significantly higher 3H-cholesterol in plasma, liver, and feces. The amount of 3H-tracer in the liver was 35% higher (P<0.05) and the 3H-tracer excreted into feces over 48 hours was 63% higher (P<0.05) in apoA-I-expressing mice than in control mice.
Injection of 3H-cholesterol-labeled macrophage foam cells is a method of measuring reverse cholesterol transport specifically from macrophages to feces in vivo, and apoA-I overexpression promotes macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport.
An improved method for the synthesis of tethered ruthenium(II) complexes of monosulfonylated diamines is described, together with their application to the hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes. The ...complexes were applied directly, in their chloride form, to asymmetric ketone hydrogenation, to give products in excess of 99% ee in the best cases, using 30 bar of hydrogen at 60 °C, and to the selective reduction of aldehydes over other functional groups.
By introducing an additional operator into the action and using the Feynman–Hellmann theorem we describe a method to determine both the quark line connected and disconnected terms of matrix elements. ...As an illustration of the method we calculate the gluon contribution (chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic components) to the nucleon mass.
The thermal scattering laws (TSL) take into account the crystalline structure and atomic motions of isotopes bound in materials. This paper presents the CINEL code, which was developed to generate ...temperature-dependent TSL for solid, liquid and free gas materials of interest for nuclear reactors. CINEL is able to calculate TSL from the phonon density of states (PDOS) of materials under the Gaussian-Incoherent approximations. The PDOS can be obtained by using theoretical approaches (e.g., ab initio density functional theory and molecular dynamics) or experimental results. In this work, the PDOS presented in the ENDF/BVIII.0 and NJOY-NCrystal libraries were used for numerical validation purposes. The CINEL results are in good agreement with those reported in these databases, even in the specific cases of TSL with the newly mixed elastic format. The coding flexibility offered by Python using the JupyterLab interface allowed to investigate limits of physical models reported in the literature, such as a four-site model for UO2, anharmonic behaviors of oxygen atoms bound in a Fm3m structure, texture in Zry4 samples and jump corrections in a roto-translational diffusion model for liquid water. The use of graphic processing units (GPU) is a necessity to perform calculations in a few minutes. The performances of the CINEL code is illustrated with the results obtained on actinide oxides having a Fm3m structure (UO
2
, ThO
2
, NpO
2
and PuO
2
), low enriched fuel (UMo), cladding (Zry4) and moderators (H
2
O with a specific emphasis on ice).
At the TeV scale, low-energy precision observations of neutron characteristics provide unique probes of novel physics. Precision studies of neutron decay observables are susceptible to beyond the ...Standard Model (BSM) tensor and scalar interactions, while the neutron electric dipole moment, dn, also has high sensitivity to new BSM CP-violating interactions. To fully utilize the potential of future experimental neutron physics programs, matrix elements of appropriate low-energy effective operators within neutron states must be precisely calculated. We present results from the QCDSF/UKQCD/CSSM Collaboration for the isovector charges gT, gA and gS of the nucleon, ς and Ξ baryons using lattice QCD methods and the Feynman-Hellmann theorem. We use a flavor symmetry breaking method to systematically approach the physical quark mass using ensembles that span five lattice spacings and multiple volumes. We extend this existing flavor-breaking expansion to also account for lattice spacing and finite volume effects in order to quantify all systematic uncertainties. Our final estimates of the nucleon isovector charges are gT=1.010(21)stat(12)sys,gA=1.253(63)stat(41)sys and gS=1.08(21)stat(03)sys renormalized, where appropriate, at μ=2 GeV in the MS¯ scheme.
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