We investigated whether a functional insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) influenced antipsychotic treatment. At baseline, and after 8 weeks of treatment with ...various antipsychotic medications, we assessed patients’ Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores, PANSS factors, and metabolic-syndrome-related parameters (fasting plasma lipid and glucose levels, and body mass index). A total of 186 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients or nonadherent chronic psychosis individuals (99 males and 87 females) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction analysis. The ACE-I/D polymorphism was significantly associated with changes in PANSS psychopathology only (p < 0.05). Compared to ACE-II homozygous males, ACE-DD homozygous and ACE-ID heterozygous males manifested significantly greater decreases in PANSS positive score, PANSS excitement factor, and PANSS cognitive factor. ACE-DD homozygous females manifested higher decreases in PANSS depression factor compared to ACE-II homozygous and ACE-ID heterozygous females. The polymorphism’s effect size was estimated as moderate to strong, while its contribution to the PANSS psychopathology ranged from ~5.4 to 8.7%, with the lowest contribution observed for PANSS positive score changes and the highest for PANSS depressive factor changes. Our results indicate that ACE-I/D polymorphism had a statistically significant but weak gender-specific impact on psychopathology data, and showed no association between ACE-I/D polymorphism and metabolic-syndrome-related parameters.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and antipsychotic medications both influence polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) homeostasis, and thus PPARα polymorphism may be linked to ...antipsychotic treatment response. Here we investigated whether the functional leucine 162 valine (L162V) polymorphism in PPARα influenced antipsychotic treatment in a group of psychosis patients (N = 186), as well as in a patient subgroup with risperidone, paliperidone, or combination treatment (N = 65). Antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients and nonadherent chronic individuals were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction analysis. At baseline, and after 8 weeks of treatment with various antipsychotic medications, we assessed the patients' Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores; PANSS factors; and metabolic syndrome-related parameters, including fasting plasma lipid and glucose levels, and body mass index. In the total patient group, PPARα polymorphism did not affect PANSS psychopathology or metabolic parameters. However, in the subgroup of patients with risperidone, paliperidone, or combination treatment, PPARα polymorphism influenced changes in plasma LDL cholesterol. Specifically, compared to PPARα-L162L homozygous patients, PPARα-L162V heterozygous individuals exhibited significantly higher increases of LDL cholesterol levels after antipsychotic treatment. The PPARα polymorphism had a strong effect size, but a relatively weak contribution to LDL cholesterol level variations (∼12.8 %).
•PLA2 gene polymorphisms are associated with antipsychotic medication treatment response.•PLA2G4A and PLA2G6 polymorphisms exerted significant but weak effects.•PLA2G4A polymorphism influences PANSS ...psychopathology.•PLA2G6 polymorphism influences PANSS psychopathology and metabolic parameters.•PLA2G4C polymorphism did not impact treatment response.
Here we investigated whether antipsychotic treatment was influenced by three polymorphisms: rs10798059 (BanI) in the phospholipase A2 (PLA2)G4A gene, rs4375 in PLA2G6, and rs1549637 in PLA2G4C. A total of 186 antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis patients or nonadherent chronic psychosis individuals (99 males and 87 females) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction analysis/restriction fragment length polymorphism. At baseline, and after 8 weeks of treatment with various antipsychotic medications, we assessed patients’ Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores, PANSS factors, and metabolic syndrome-related parameters (fasting plasma lipid and glucose levels, and body mass index). We found that PLA2G4A polymorphism influenced changes in PANSS psychopathology, and PLA2G6 polymorphism influenced changes in PANSS psychopathology and metabolic parameters. PLA2G4C polymorphism did not show any impact on PANSS psychopathology or metabolic parameters. The polymorphisms’ effect sizes were estimated as moderate to strong, with contributions ranging from around 6.2–15.7%. Furthermore, the polymorphisms’ effects manifested in a gender-specific manner.
An interaction between smoking and antipsychotic medications could potentially affect treatment efficacy and promote metabolic side effects. We investigated the contribution of smoking status towards ...Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores and metabolic syndrome- related parameters (plasma lipid and glucose concentrations, and body mass index) among two groups of unmedicated patients with psychosis from the Croatian population: antipsychotic-naïve first-episode patients and nonadherent chronic patients. Previous data are inconsistent regarding the effects of smoking on clinical psychopathology among antipsychotic-naïve or minimally medicated patients with first-episode psychosis, and no studies have examined the potential influence of smoking on clinical psychopathology and metabolic parameters among nonadherent patients with chronic psychosis. Information about smoking status and antipsychotic nonadherence was obtained via auto-anamnestic and hetero-anamnestic information. PANSS data were obtained while patients were in a psychotic state during the illness requiring hospitalization. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL- c), triglyceride, and glucose levels were determined after a 12-hour fasting period. Compared with non-smoking antipsychotic-naïve first-episode individuals, antipsychotic-naïve smokers exhibited significantly lower depression factor scores, and significantly higher triglyceride levels and triglyceride/HDL- c ratio (p < 0.05). Compared with non-smoking nonadherent chronic individuals, nonadherent smokers exhibited significantly lower negative symptoms and negative factor scores, and lower HDL- c levels. Contributions of smoking to clinical and metabolic parameters ranged from ~ 3.4 % to 10 %. Our present results indicated that smoking may be associated with less severe clinical psychopathology, and with increased risk for metabolic abnormalities, among unmedicated patients with first-episode psychosis and chronic psychosis.
Cilj: Porod carskim rezom kontinuirano se povezuje s povećanim rizikom za pojavu komponenti metaboličkog sindroma kod ispitanika u općoj populaciji, dok su podatci za bolesnike sa shizofrenijom ...manjkavi i proturječni. U ovom smo istraživanju ispitali pridonosi li, i u kojoj mjeri, vrsta poroda vrijednostima indeksa tjelesne mase (ITM) te koncentracijama lipida i glukoze u plazmi na dvjema skupinama bolesnika sa shizofrenijom koji ne primaju terapiju: u bolesnika s prvom epizodom shizofrenije (N = 48) i u kroničnih bolesnika neadherentnih prema antipsihotičnoj terapiji (N = 83). Ispitanici i metode: Podatci o vrsti poroda i neadherentnosti prema antipsihotičnoj terapiji prikupljeni su iz autoanamneze i heteroanamneze. Određivanje ukupnog kolesterola, LDL kolesterola (engl. low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL kolesterola (engl. high density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglicerida i glukoze u plazmi realizirano je nakon 12-satnog gladovanja. Rezultati: Učestalost poroda carskim rezom iznosila je 8,4 %. Koncentracije triglicerida i vrijednosti ITM-a bile su značajno više u bolesnika rođenih carskim rezom u odnosu na bolesnike rođene vaginalnim porodom: 1,5 (0,6 – 4,3) vs. 1,1 (0,3 – 3,1); z = -2,21, p = 0,027. Vrsta poroda pridonosi s približno 3,3 % varijabilnosti koncentracija triglicerida. Zaključci: Naši rezultati upućuju da vrsta poroda utječe u manjoj mjeri na koncentracije triglicerida u plazmi u bolesnika sa shizofrenijom koji nisu na terapiji antipsihotičnim lijekovima. Porod carskim rezom predstavlja rizični čimbenik za povišene koncentracije triglicerida.
Aim: Delivery via caesarean section is repeatedly associated with an increased risk for components of metabolic syndrome among individuals from the general population, while data for patients with schizophrenia are scarse and contradictory. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether, and to what extent, the type of delivery contributes to body mass index (BMI) values and lipid and glucose concentrations among two groups of patients with schizophrenia without therapy: first-episode patients (N = 48), and chronic patients, nonadherent to antipsychotic medications (N = 83). Patients and methods: Information regarding antipsychotic nonadherence and type of delivery was obtained from anamnestic and heteroanamnestic data. Plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL cholesterol (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglyceride and glucose levels were determined after a 12-hour fasting period. Results: The prevalence of delivery via caesarean section was 8.4 %. Triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher among patients born via cesarean section than among patients born via vaginal delivery 1.5 (0.6 – 4.3) vs. 1.1 (0.3 – 3.1); z = -2.21, p = 0.027. Type of delivery contributes by approximately 3.3 % to triglyceride concentration variability. Conclusions: Our results indicate that type of delivery influences to a smaller extent plasma triglyceride concentration among patients with schizophrenia without medication. Delivery via caesarean section represents a risk factor for increased triglyceride concentrations.
Cilj: Porod carskim rezom kontinuirano se povezuje s povećanim rizikom za pojavu komponenti metaboličkog sindroma kod ispitanika u općoj populaciji, dok su podatci za bolesnike sa shizofrenijom ...manjkavi i proturječni. U ovom smo istraživanju ispitali pridonosi li, i u kojoj mjeri, vrsta poroda vrijednostima indeksa tjelesne mase (ITM) te koncentracijama lipida i glukoze u plazmi na dvjema skupinama bolesnika sa shizofrenijom koji ne primaju terapiju: u bolesnika s prvom epizodom shizofrenije (N = 48) i u kroničnih bolesnika neadherentnih prema antipsihotičnoj terapiji (N = 83). Ispitanici i metode: Podatci o vrsti poroda i neadherentnosti prema antipsihotičnoj terapiji prikupljeni su iz autoanamneze i heteroanamneze. Određivanje ukupnog kolesterola, LDL kolesterola (engl. low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL kolesterola (engl. high density lipoprotein cholesterol), triglicerida i glukoze u plazmi realizirano je nakon 12-satnog gladovanja. Rezultati: Učestalost poroda carskim rezom iznosila je 8,4 %. Koncentracije triglicerida i vrijednosti ITM-a bile su značajno više u bolesnika rođenih carskim rezom u odnosu na bolesnike rođene vaginalnim porodom: 1,5 (0,6 – 4,3) vs. 1,1 (0,3 – 3,1); z = -2,21, p = 0,027. Vrsta poroda pridonosi s približno 3,3 % varijabilnosti koncentracija triglicerida. Zaključci: Naši rezultati upućuju da vrsta poroda utječe u manjoj mjeri na koncentracije triglicerida u plazmi u bolesnika sa shizofrenijom koji nisu na terapiji antipsihotičnim lijekovima. Porod carskim rezom predstavlja rizični čimbenik za povišene koncentracije triglicerida.
The type of delivery and antipsychotic medications could modulate clinical features of schizophrenia and nicotine dependence by affecting gut microbiota composition. In this study, we aimed to ...investigate whether the age of disease onset, severity of PANSS (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) psychopathology and nicotine dependence might be associated with the type of delivery among two groups of patients with schizophrenia without antipsychotic therapy: first-episode patients, and chronic patients, non-adherent to antipsychotic medications. Information regarding antipsychotic non-adherence, smoking status, and the type of delivery (vaginal delivery or caesarean delivery) was obtained from autoanamnestic and heteroanamnestic data. Age of disease onset was defined as age at the patient’s first hospital admission due to a psychotic episode at which the diagnosis of schizophrenia was used. PANSS evaluation data was taken during the acute state of the illness at the most recent hospitalization. Values of the age of disease onset, PANSS score and PANSS factor and prevalence of early (≤ 26 years) and late (> 26 years) disease onset did not differ significantly between patients born by caesarean delivery and vaginal delivery (p > 0.05). The prevalence of smokers was significantly higher among patients born by caesarean delivery (p = 0.012). The caesarean delivery is associated with ~9%-fold greater risk of nicotine dependence. We did not find any associations of the age of disease onset and PANSS psychopathology with the type of delivery among patients without therapy, but our results implicate that caesarean delivery might be a risk factor for nicotine dependence in that patient group.
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