The complex biological starter (biopreservative) “Silo Twice” is related to microbiology in feed production, in particular to the technology for obtaining complex biopreservatives - preparations used ...for silage of feed. In the finished biopreservative fermented Silo Twice product, all nutrients of the starting material are preserved and the relative value of the feed has increased 17 units. Compared to the classic self-preservation of haylage, the introduction of Silo Twice biopreservative provides a decrease in protein losses of 2.0–2.2 times. Feeding milk cows with haylage obtained when applying Silo Twice biopreservative provides an increase in the milk yield by 8.0%, milk fat content by 0.4%. The use in the diet of dairy cows of haylage obtained with the introduction of the biopreservative Silo Twice contributed to a reduction in the cost of exchange energy and concentrates by 2.43% and 2.95%, respectively. The use in the diet of dairy cows of haylage obtained with the introduction of biopreservative Silo Twice led to the optimization of processes in the scar, an increase in the level of volatile fatty acids and bacteria, with a decrease in the amount of ammonia by 16.3%. This fact indicates an improvement in the digestibility and absorption of nitrogen in the scar of cows. Feeding milk cows for 60 days with haylage obtained when the Silo Twice biopreservative was introduced provided a savings of 2250 rubles per cow.
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•New austalides V and W were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus ustus VKM F-4692.•These compounds have new 5/6/6/6/6/5/5 heptacyclic ring system.•Austalides V and W inhibit ...proliferation and migration of cancer cells.•Austalide W suppresses activity of key signaling pathways regulating cancer cell growth.
Two new austalide meroterpenoids, named austalides V and W (1 and 2), were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus ustus VKM F-4692. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with related known compounds. The main structural feature of both compounds is a tetrahydrofuranyl ring (G), a structural fragment, first found in austalides. Austalides V (1) and W (2) were able to inhibit the propagation of prostate and bladder cancer cells; this biologic activity is possibly related to the inhibition of a number of key pathways regulating cell growth and migration.
Objective: Synthesis of nanoparticles based on lignin-like polymers with a specific structure and investigation of their potential as drug carriers for tumor treatment. Methods: Enzyme laccase was ...used for polymer synthesis. NMR and FTIR were applied for polymer structure analysis. Nanoparticles were formed by dialysis. DLS and TEM were used to investigate their physico-chemical properties and morphology. The MTT assay was applied in the cytotoxicity analysis. Flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy were used to study the internalization of NPs by human cells. Apoptosis was measured with Annexin V. Results and Discussion:The nanoparticles formed by lignin-like polymers can differ in morphology depending on the monomers used in the enzymatic reaction and the method of their formation. Polyferulic nanoparticles actively penetrate tumor cells growing in monolayer culture and as part of spheroids. The nanoparticle-bound anti-cancer drug doxorubicin has a higher cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells compared with a free compound. Conclusions: The morphology of nanoparticles can affect their penetration into tumor cells and their cytotoxic effect. Proposed carriers can be used for efficient, passive targeted drug delivery in tumor treatment.
New method of synthesis of biocompatible, biodegradable and nontoxic composite materials based on polysaccharide chitosan and inorganic phosphate component will be presented in this work. Materials ...structure was changed by in situ transformation of phosphate phases. Transformation of initial precursors to hydroxyapatite as one of the most stable phosphate phase occurred as a result of thermal and alkaline treatment. XRD and SEM methods were applied to investigate structure and morphology of obtained samples.
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a critical role in the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) from the airways. However, hyper-activation of macrophages can impair bacterial clearance and ...contribute to morbidity and mortality. MUC1 mucin is a membrane-tethered, high molecular mass glycoprotein expressed on the apical surface of mucosal epithelial cells and some hematopoietic cells, including macrophages, where it counter-regulates inflammation. We recently reported that Pa up-regulates the expression of MUC1 in primary human AMs and THP-1 macrophages, and that increased MUC1 expression in these cells prevents hyper-activation of macrophages that appears to be important for host defense against severe pathology of Pa lung infection. The aims of this study were to elucidate the mechanism by which Pa increases MUC1 expression in macrophages. The results showed that: (a) Pa stimulation of THP-1 macrophages increased MUC1 expression both at transcriptional and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner; (b) Both Pa- and LPS-induced MUC1 expression in THP-1 cells were significantly diminished by an inhibitory peptide of TLR4; and (c) LPS-stimulated MUC1 expression was diminished at both the mRNA and protein levels by an inhibitor of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, but not by inhibitors of ERK1/2, JNK, or IKK. We conclude that Pa-stimulated MUC1 expression in THP-1 macrophages is regulated mainly through the TLR4-p38 signaling pathway.
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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are important components of the human microbiome. While they are capable both of synthesis and response to the signals of the human humoral regulatory system (hormones ...and neuromediators), the phenomenology and mechanisms of the LAB response to these mediators are insufficiently studied. This work showed estrogen to hinder the growth and development of
E. durans
, while norepinephrine, estrogen, and the brain natriuretic peptide caused dose-dependent extension of the stationary growth phase. This is the first report on stimulation of
E. durans
biofilm formation by the atrial natriuretic peptide and estrogen. The frequency of persister formation depended on the type of bacterial growth (planktonic or biofilm one) and was higher in the case of biofilm growth. Epinephrine and norepinephrine exhibited dose-dependent stimulation of persister formation in planktonic LAB cultures, while other tested hormones inhibited it. The effect on persister formation in biofilms was different: natriuretic peptides exhibited dose-dependent stimulation of persister formation, and none of the hormones inhibited it significantly. After several months of incubation,
E. durans
persister cells matured to anabiotic dormant forms with the typical ultrastructural features. The population of
E. durans
dormant forms was first shown to contain the form with different dormancy depth, including the viable uncultured ones.
A panel of 106 insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms and a method of their genotyping on biochips were proposed as a new approach to genetic personal identification. Short lengths and low mutation ...rates are basic properties of InDel markers, which thus have significant advantages over short tandem repeats (STRs) widely used in forensics. The allele frequency distributions of all known InDel polymorphisms were studied in the five largest world populations (European, East Asian, South Asian, African, and American). Markers were selected to meet the following criteria: the minor allele frequency (MAF) is higher than 0.30; the physical distance between markers is greater than 3 Mb; there are no polymorphisms, tandem repeats, and palindromes in the flanking sequences; the AT/GC ratio is close to 1. A panel of 106 polymorphisms was thus formed; the average MAF was estimated at 0.396 in the five populations. The method developed for panel genotyping included one-step multiplex PCR and subsequent hybridization on a biological microarray. The average amplicon length was 72 bp. A sample of 201 residents of Moscow and St. Petersburg was tested to determine the main characteristics of the panel: the random matching probability (MP) was 1.89× 10
–43
and the combined probability of paternity exclusion (CPE) was 0.99999999063. The method provides an alternative to molecular genetic personal identification based on the STR length variations.
This paper presents a method for genotyping a panel of 60 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using single-stage PCR followed by hybridization on a hydrogel biochip. The pool of analyzed ...polymorphisms consists of 41 SNPs included in the HIrisPlex-S panel, 4 SNPs of the
AB0
gene (261G>Del, 297A>G, 657C>T, 681G>A), markers of the
AMELX
and
AMELY
genes, and 14 SNP markers of the Y chromosome haplogroups: B (M60), C (M130), D (CTS3946), E (M5388), G (P257), H (M2920), I (U179), J (M304), L (M185), N (M231), O (M175), Q (M1105), R (P224) and T (M272). These genetic data allow one to predict the phenotype of the desired person according to the characteristics of eye, hair, skin color, AB0 blood group, sex, and genogeographic origin in the male line. The setting protocol is simplified as much as possible to facilitate the introduction of the method into practice. The distribution of allele frequencies of the studied polymorphisms, as well as AB0 blood groups among the Slavs (
N
= 482), originating mainly from central Russia, was established.
This paper is concerned with the geochemical features and conditions of generation for Paleozoic Au–Ag mineralization in the pre-accretionary Kedon (D
2-3
) volcano-plutonic belt (KVB), which is ...situated within the Omolon cratonic terrane (Northeast Russia). We present new data on the compositions and concentrations of trace elements and rare-earth elements (REEs) in the host rocks and volcanogenic ores of epithermal Au–Ag fields. The ores are found to be enriched in a wide range of trace elements. The general features of the ores under study include a low level of REE concentrations, an obvious enrichment in light REEs, and considerable variations in europium anomalies, ranging from low negative to low- and strongly positive. Fluid inclusions were studied to show that the ore-forming solutions were hydrocarbonate potassium in composition. The mineral content of the fluid increases toward later, low-temperature phases of the mineralization. We found a tendency of potassium increasing from the earlier oreless quartz to productive quartz going to great depth, as well as a slow decrease in the concentrations of Na
+
, Ca
++
, and Cl
–
. The productive quartz shows direct correlation in Ag–K and a reverse correlation in Ag–Na. The results indicate andesite magmas and meteoric water as the most likely sources of the fluids that have formed epithermal Au–Ag ores in the KVB deposits.
A
bstract
The OPERA neutrino experiment is designed to perform the first observation of neutrino oscillations in direct appearance mode in the
ν
μ
→
ν
τ
channel, via the detection of the
τ
-leptons ...created in charged current ν
τ
interactions. The detector, located in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory, consists of an emulsion/lead target with an average mass of about 1.2 kt, complemented by electronic detectors. It is exposed to the CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso beam, with a baseline of 730 km and a mean energy of 17 GeV. The observation of the first
ν
τ
candidate event and the analysis of the 2008-2009 neutrino sample have been reported in previous publications. This work describes substantial improvements in the analysis and in the evaluation of the detection efficiencies and backgrounds using new simulation tools. The analysis is extended to a sub-sample of 2010 and 2011 data, resulting from an electronic detector-based pre-selection, in which an additional
ν
τ
candidate has been observed. The significance of the two events in terms of a
ν
μ
→
ν
τ
oscillation signal is of 2.40
σ
.
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