The authors overview the current state of research in the field of diagnostics and identification of the signs suggesting the presence of HIV in the materials obtained from the human corpses ...undergoing forensic medical expertise at different stages of their post-mortem changes. Another objective of the present work was to evaluate the risk of HIV infection for the medical personnel involved in the autopsy studies taking into consideration the significance attached in different countries to the problem of anti-infectious protection of the staff of the state institutions of forensic medical expertise. The authors discuss the possibilities and limitations of the application of the methods for HIV diagnostics, such as immunoenzymatic assays. The special attention is given to the advantages of the molecular genetic methods based on the use of the specific fragments of the viral RNA genome as the diagnostic markers. The solid methodological basis for molecular genetic diagnostics of HIV infection is provided by PCR-amplification with the detection in the real-time regime. It is supposed that this approach will make it possible not only to determine, with the high degree of accuracy and specificity, the presence of the viral genome in the biological materials but also to reduce to a minimum the probability of both false-positive and false-negative responses.
Pathomorphological changes in acute necrotizing pancreatitis Zemskov, S; Kovalska, I; Dronov, O ...
Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... et al.,
03/2013, Letnik:
13, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Islets of Langerhans are surrounded by gracile net of fibrin in 74% of cases, what may contribute to its resistance and function preservation in aggressive microenvironment in ANP. ...surgical ...removal of necrotic tissue should be performed with maximal prudence and tissue preservation in order to decrease the risk of pancreatic endocrine insufficiency in patients with ANP.
The Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) in the ocean plays an important role in transporting heat and nutrients, supplying oxygen to the deep ocean, and sequestering atmospheric carbon below the ...mixed layer. The MOC is believed to be driven by surface wind stress, heat and freshwater fluxes, tides, and other energy sources, though the degree to which each of these source terms contributes to the MOC dynamics is poorly understood. To study the interplay between surface wind and buoyancy forcing, an Available Potential Energy (APE) framework is applied to data from a global ocean model ECCO2 and a regional ocean model for the Southern Ocean (SOSE). This framework allows for partitioning of the energy budget into mean and turbulent components of the kinetic and available potential energy reservoirs and decompose adiabatic (processes without heat or matter transfer) and diabatic (processes with irreversible transfer of heat or matter) portions of the ocean circulation. While the ocean models incorporate realistic bathymetry and aspect ratios, the spatial and temporal resolutions are too coarse to resolve small scale dynamics, such that mixing and dissipation rates cannot be computed directly. To fully resolve all relevant scales, I conducted direct numerical simulations (DNS) of an idealized basin representation of the Southern Ocean and compared the ocean energy budget with the SOSE results. I find that while the Southern Ocean residual circulation is sensitive to the balance between the magnitudes of surface wind stress and buoyancy forcing, diapycnal mixing rates are primarily set by the dense water plume resulting from buoyancy loss near the pole. The comparison between the DNS and the ocean model SOSE also highlights that for the Southern Ocean interbasin transport and seasonal fluctuations are important to the basin energy dynamics and need to be incorporated into the future high-resolution studies of the Southern Ocean. The contribution of submesoscale instabilities to vertical mixing and restratification is studied vie transient energy growth analysis. We find this contribution varies depending on the Richardson number and instability type (baroclinic vs. symmetric), and these results need to be incorporated into the subgrid parametrization of the ocean models.
This paper is focused on the new data for geology, mineralogy, and geochemistry of stockworks consisting of steep and gentle quartz veins and veinlets forming a complex multilevel structure at the ...Rodion deposit. These stockworks range from 25 to 150 m in thickness. Average gold grade is 1.8 g/t. Ore minerals pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and native gold are predominantly concentrated on the vein and veinlet walls. Thermal metamorphism caused by the intrusion of the Ulakhan granodiorite pluton is the important singularity of the deposit. The deposit ore is enriched in chalcophile microelements Au, Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Bi as compared to the average composition of the upper crust and hosting Permian sequences. The enrichment factors range from a few to hundreds of times. Bi, W, Pb, Ag, and Na
2
O are positively correlated between each other and with Au. The highest correlation coefficient 0.59 is between Au and Bi. Au is negatively correlated with Ba, Li, Co, Ni, Mn, Ti, and Be. The stockwork ores were formed involving homogeneous low-saline (9.4–4.3 wt % NaCl equiv) substantially aqueous bicarbonate-chloride fluid at 275–330°C and 300–1840 bar fluid pressure. Fluid has a high concentration of CO
2
(up to 349 g/kg of water) and is reductive (СО
2
/СН
4
= 17–37.3). Na and Ca are the major cations in the fluid, whereas K and Mg are minor. In addition, many microelements were detected in the fluid: As, Li, Rb, Cs, Mo, Ag, Sb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, U, Ga, Ge, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Y, Zr, Sn, Ba, W, Au, Hg, and REE. The results obtained are consistent with the metamorphic–magmatic formation model of orogenic gold–quartz deposits within the Yana–Kolyma belt.
The OPERA experiment, designed to perform the first observation of
ν
μ
→
ν
τ
oscillations in appearance mode through the detection of the
τ
leptons produced in
ν
τ
charged current interactions, has ...collected data from 2008 to 2012. In the present paper, the procedure developed to detect
τ
particle decays, occurring over distances of the order of
1
mm
from the neutrino interaction point, is described in detail and applied to the search for charmed hadrons, showing similar decay topologies as the
τ
lepton. In the analysed sample, 50 charm decay candidate events are observed while
54
±
4
are expected, proving that the detector performance and the analysis chain applied to neutrino events are well reproduced by the OPERA simulation and thus validating the methods for
ν
τ
appearance detection.
Introduction
. Despite recent achievements in medicine, many issues in the diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) remain outstanding. This is mainly due both to an increase in the ...incidence and changes in the clinical picture of this nosology. An important factor here is the continuing presence of existing principles governing the approach to the surgical treatment of infective endocarditis, including prosthetic endocarditis.
Objective
: to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated approach to the treatment of infective endocarditis in patients with valvular heart disease on the basis of 37 years of experience.
Materials and methods
. An analysis of the surgical treatment of 1097 patients with infectious lesions of the valvular heart apparatus was carried out. The mean age of the sample was 35.1 ± 9.7 years (from 4 months to 68 years); 67.2 % were men, while women made up 32.8 %. Additionally, 122 patients had infectious lesions affecting 2 or more valves. In 109 cases, valvular prosthetic endocarditis was diagnosed; in 37 patients, IE was detected against the background of congenital heart defects. 99 patients had perianular abscesses. Of all surgical interventions carried out, 18 were repeated, including those with non-valvular congenital heart defects.
Results and discussion
. Overall hospital mortality was 4.3 % (47 patients). In patients with IE complicated by a congenital heart defect (CHD), mortality was 14.7 %; with endocarditis of mechanical heart valves — 13.2 %; in drug-dependent patients — 4.5 %; with infectious destruction of native heart valves — 2.8 %; in patients with a background of electrodeinduced endocarditis, no deaths during hospitalisation were observed.
Conclusions
. The effectiveness of surgical intervention of infective endocarditis can reach 85.4 %. When supplemented with pathogenetic and etiotropic therapy, surgical correction of affected heart structures contributes to the rapid and reliable sanitation of all infection foci, as well as to a reduction in multiple organ failure. Timely surgery significantly reduces the degree of heart failure and improves the NYHA functional class. In the long term, reconstructive interventions contribute to a better heart recovery than prosthetic operations. It should be noted that the proposed treatment approach for this group of patients creates conditions for adequate labour and social rehabilitation in a distant postoperative period.
Molecular genetic analysis is the most demonstrative method for investigation of biological objects in forensic medical examination. Progress in the basic researches and technologies, active ...implementation of their results in practice, determines the inevitable expansion of the frontiers of molecular genetic research expert. This article presents the author’s examples illustrating the improvement of molecular genetic techniques in terms of expanding the scope of expert molecular genetic investigations.
The objective of the present pilot investigation was to reveal and to study polymorphism of nucleotide sequence in the alleles of STR loci of human autosomal DNA with special reference to the role of ...this phenomenon as a source of the differences between homonymous allelic variants. The secondary objection was to evaluate the possibility of using the data thus obtained for the enhancement of the informative value of the forensic medical genotyping of STR loci by means of identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for the purpose of extending their allelic spectrum. The methodological basis of the study was constituted by the comprehensive amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and amplified fragment sequence polymorphisms (AFSP) analysis of DNA with the use of the PLEX-ID^TM analytical mass-spectrometry platform (Abbot Molecular, USA). The study has demonstrated that polymorphism of DNA nucleotide sequence can be regarded as the possible source of enhancement of the discriminating potential of STR markers. It means that the analysis of polymorphism of DNA nucleotide sequence for genotyping AFLP-type markers of chromosomal DNA can considerably increase the effectiveness of their application as individualizing markers for the purpose of molecular genetic expertises.
The objective of the present study was the molecular-genetic authentication of the remains as an indispensable condition for the evaluation of the medical hypotheses of the cause of death in 2004 of ...Yasser Arafat, the former Palestinian leader and the first president of the Palestinian National Administration, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate. We carried out molecular-genetic investigations aimed at establishing the circumstances and cause of the death of Yasser Arafat including the analysis of the relevant medical documentation, the examination of the burial place at Ramallah, remains, and personal belongings stored in his Al Muqata'ah residence at Ramallah. The objective of the present molecular- genetic investigations was to confirm the authenticity of the fragments of Yasser Arafat's remains available for radio-toxicological, chemical toxicological, and other laboratory studies. The reference objects were the contact traces left on the personal belongings by their owner. The aggregate probabilistic estimate of the coincidence of genotype traits of autosomal DNA, Y-chromosomal DNA, and mtDNA was at least 99,(9)29 4% which gives evidence of the genetic identity of the objects of study. It is this value (99.999999 <...> 9999999(29) 4%) that characterizes the probability that the bone fragments provided for the laboratory studies are actually authentic remains of Yasser Arafat.
The OPERA detector, designed to search for v.sub.μ right arrow v.sub.τ oscillations in the CNGS beam, is located in the underground Gran Sasso laboratory, a privileged location to study TeV-scale ...cosmic rays. For the analysis here presented, the detector was used to measure the atmospheric muon charge ratio in the TeV region. OPERA collected charge-separated cosmic ray data between 2008 and 2012. More than 3 million atmospheric muon events were detected and reconstructed, among which about 110000 multiple muon bundles. The charge ratio R.sub.μ = N.sub.μ + /N.sub.μ- was measured separately for single and for multiple muon events. The analysis exploited the inversion of the magnet polarity which was performed on purpose during the 2012 Run. The combination of the two data sets with opposite magnet polarities allowed minimizing systematic uncertainties and reaching an accurate determination of the muon charge ratio. Data were fitted to obtain relevant parameters on the composition of primary cosmic rays and the associated kaon production in the forward fragmentation region. In the surface energy range 1-20 TeV investigated by OPERA, R.sub.μ is well described by a parametric model including only pion and kaon contributions to the muon flux, showing no significant contribution of the prompt component. The energy independence supports the validity of Feynman scaling in the fragmentation region up to 200 TeV/nucleon primary energy.
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