The photoionization cross section of the ground (Ne3s{sup 2}3p{sup 6}3d {sup 2}D{sub 3/2}) and first two metastable (Ne3s{sup 2}3p{sup 6}3d {sup 2}D{sub 5/2} and Ne3s{sup 2}3p{sup 6}4s {sup 2}S{sub ...1/2}) levels of potassiumlike Sc III have been studied using fully relativistic R-matrix method. To show the effects of configuration interaction on the cross section, we first perform a nonrelativistic R-matrix calculation. The detailed structures and resonances of the cross section obtained by the fully relativistic method in the region of 3p{yields}3d and 3p{yields}4s resonances are described and analyzed in some detail. The positions, autoionization widths, and oscillator strengths of some prominent resonances are determined. The calculated cross section is compared with a recent experiment S. Schippers et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 193002 (2002). The resonance energies and intensities predicted by the fully relativistic calculations agree well with the experiment, especially for the 3p{yields}4s resonances in the region of lower photon energy, while it is not so satisfactory for the nonrelativistic calculations. Our results show that not only adequate configuration interaction, particularly the 3p{sup 3}{yields}3d{sup 3} core-valence correlations, but also relativistic effects should be carefully included in the calculation to obtain a good agreement with the experiment.
An extensive configuration interaction (CI) scheme and the R-matrix method are combined to calculate the x-ray transmission spectrum for high-power laser-produced Al plasmas in local thermodynamic ...equilibrium by using the detailed-term-accounting (DTA) approximation. All atomic parameters such as state levels and photoabsorption cross sections for different ionization stages are obtained by using the CI and R-matrix method. Special attention is given to the effects of autoionizing resonance broadening on the transmission. A large difference exists between the convergence of the results with and without taking account of autoionizing resonance broadening when the autoionization resonance broadening is the major broadening mechanism. This shows that autoionizing resonance widths of the K-shell excited states have large effects and should be considered to interpret the spectral-resolved transmission.
•A new heat transfer model is proposed to predict three-dimentional temperature distributions in the porous gas-cooled reactor by CFD methods.•Neutronics and thermal-hydraulics coupling program is ...implemented in the OpenFOAM platfoam.•Sensitivity analysis is carried out for the start-up process of the gas-cooled reactor.•Flow blockage accident is modeled, and then its evolution is simulated.
Aircraft nuclear propulsion (ANP) has many historical explorations, but also features with high power density and high operating temperature. These challenges lead to numerical investigations for the transient behaviors of gas-cooled reactors to be used for ANP system. This prismatic-block type reactor is featured by a large number of internal discrete cooling holes with high aspect ratio. When using conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model in CFD analyses for the entire solid core of such type of reactors, the refined mesh resolution near the interface between the fuel matrix and the flow channels leads to high computational costs. Therefore, we proposed a new porous heat transfer (PHT) model with Newton’s law of cooling to predict three-dimensional distributions of temperature in the solid and fluid domain of the reactor core. The verification of the PHT model is conducted in the presented study firstly, and shows that the accuracy of this model is deeply influenced by the prediction of convective heat transfer coefficients. Sequentially, a neutronics (N) and thermal-hydraulics (TH) transient coupling code is developed in the open-source platform OpenFOAM. The point kinetic model is employed to evaluate the dependency of heat power on the time. Doppler broadening effect is considered in the coupling process by delivering fuel average temperatures. Then coupled N/TH simulations are carried out to analyze the gas-cooled reactor during the start-up process and the blockage accident. The obtained results show that the wall temperature is always lower than the design limit even in a rapid start-up process, indicating that the reactor is safe at extreme operations. Moreover, simulation of the blockage accident shows that if several flow channels are totally occupied by debris, the fuel temperature increment is less than 300 K, and the position of the peak fuel temperature transforms from the core center to the zone near the blockage.
Abstract This study examined the frequency of violence on nurses in Chinese psychiatric hospitals and explored its risk factors and impact on nurses' quality of life (QOL). A survey was conducted ...with 387 frontline psychiatric nurses in China. Information about experience of workplace violence in the past 6 months, type of workplace violence, and demographic characteristics was collected by a questionnaire. Altogether 319 (82.4%) of 387 nurses reported having experienced at least one type of violent event in the past 6 months. The prevalence of sexual assault, physical and verbal harassment was 18.6%, 61.5% and 78.6%, respectively. Compared to those with no exposure to violence, nurses who were exposed to violence had lower QOL in both the physical and mental domains. Significant predictors of violence against nurses are male sex, receiving college level or higher education and working on rotating duty were independently associated with high risk of violence. Workplace violence against psychiatric nurses commonly occurs in China. Considering the deleterious effects of violence, comprehensive strategies from the perspective of nursing education and training, organizational policy, patient care and staff support are recommended to promote occupational safety in psychiatric settings in China.
Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease that causes the periodontal bone destruction and may ultimately result in tooth loss. With the progression of periodontitis, the osteoimmunology ...microenvironment in periodontitis is damaged and leads to the formation of pathological alveolar bone resorption. CD301b
macrophages are specific to the osteoimmunology microenvironment, and are emerging as vital booster for conducting bone regeneration. However, the key upstream targets of CD301b
macrophages and their potential mechanism in periodontitis remain elusive. In this study, we concentrated on the role of Tim4, a latent upstream regulator of CD301b
macrophages. We first demonstrated that the transcription level of Timd4 (gene name of Tim4) in CD301b
macrophages was significantly upregulated compared to CD301b
macrophages via high-throughput RNA sequencing. Moreover, several Tim4-related functions such as apoptotic cell clearance, phagocytosis and engulfment were positively regulated by CD301b
macrophages. The single-cell RNA sequencing analysis subsequently discovered that Cd301b and Timd4 were specifically co-expressed in macrophages. The following flow cytometric analysis indicated that Tim4 positive expression rates in total macrophages shared highly synchronized dynamic changes with the proportions of CD301b
macrophages as periodontitis progressed. Furthermore, the deficiency of Tim4 in mice decreased CD301b
macrophages and eventually magnified alveolar bone resorption in periodontitis. Additionally, Tim4 controlled the p38 MAPK signaling pathway to ultimately mediate CD301b
macrophages phenotype. In a word, Tim4 might regulate CD301b
macrophages through p38 MAPK signaling pathway in periodontitis, which provided new insights into periodontitis immunoregulation as well as help to develop innovative therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for periodontitis.
Organic fertilizer is utilized to improve the organic carbon levels in arable soils, which is helpful for soil quality improvement and crop yield increase. However, the after-effect of organic ...fertilizer varies among regions with different temperature and precipitation conditions, and the extent of the impact remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of varying temperature and rainfall conditions on the accumulation of soil organic carbon after organic fertilizer application. A meta-analysis of 168 peer-reviewed studies published between 2005 and 2022 involving a total of 464 trials was conducted. The following was discovered: (1) In the major grain-producing areas of China, there was a significant positive correlation (p < 0.01) between latitude and soil organic carbon content. Meanwhile, temperature and precipitation had a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) with soil organic carbon content. (2) The increase in temperature inhibited the increase in soil organic carbon storage. The improvement effect of organic fertilizer application in the low-temperature areas was significantly increased by 60.93% compared with the mid-temperature areas, and by 69.85% compared with the high-temperature areas. The average annual precipitation affected the after-effect of organic fertilizer as follows: 400–800 mm > 400 mm > more than 800 mm. (3) The influence of climatic conditions on the after-effect of organic fertilizer was more significant depending on the specific tillage practice. To increase organic fertilizer use efficiency and eliminate greenhouse gas emissions, liquid organic fertilizers with abundant trace nutrients and amino acids, which take advantage of releasing nutrients more swiftly and have a better fertilization effect, could be an alternative to traditional organic fertilizers.
This study determined the prevalence of lifetime and current smoking and the correlates of current smoking in nurses working in psychiatric and general hospitals in China. Of 807 distributed ...questionnaires, 799 nurses who were working in two psychiatric hospitals (n=387, 48.4%), and one general hospital (n=412, 51.6%) had analyzable data. Socio-demographic, alcohol use and smoking data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire. Work-related stress was evaluated with the Nurse Stress Inventory. In the whole sample, the lifetime smoking prevalence was 7.6% (females=2.1% vs. males=48.9%, p<0.0001; psychiatric nurses=14.5% vs. non-psychiatric nurses=1.2%, p<0.0001). The prevalence of current smoking was 7.1% (females=2.1% vs. males=44.7%, p<0.0001; psychiatric nurses=13.4% vs. non-psychiatric nurses=1.2%, p<0.0001). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, age 30 years or older, male gender, having children, being a psychiatric nurse and alcohol consumption were positively associated with smoking, while being a nursing officer was negatively associated with smoking (r2 = 0.513, p<0.0001). Considering the harmful effects of smoking as well as second-hand smoking in the presence of children, effective measures to promote smoking cessation for male, older and psychiatric nurses and those with children are warranted.
