In this paper, a compact dual-wideband fractal antenna is created for Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN, C, and X band applications. The proposed antenna consists of a circularly shaped resonator that contains ...square slots and a ground plane where a gap line is incorporated to increase the gain and bandwidth with a small volume of 40 × 34 × 1.6 mm
. The patch was supported by the FR4 dielectric, which had a permittivity of 4.4 and tan δ = 0.02. A 50 Ω microstrip line fed this antenna. The antenna was designed by the HFSS program, and after that, the simulated results were validated using the measured results. The measurement results confirm that the suggested antenna achieves dual-band frequencies ranging from 2.30 to 4.10 GHz, and from 6.10 GHz to 10.0 GHz, resonating at 2.8, 3.51, 6.53, and 9.37 GHz, respectively, for various applications including commercial, scholarly, and medical applications. Moreover, the antenna's ability to operate within the frequency range of 3.1-10.6 GHz is in accordance with the FCC guidelines for the use of UWB antennas in breast cancer detection. Over the operational bands, the gain varied between 2 and 9 dB, and an efficiency of 92% was attained. A good agreement between the simulation and the measured results was found.
•Suggested antenna has a wider BW of 7 GHz (4.1–9.7 GHz).•Good radiation efficiency of more than 85% and realized gain of 5.1 dBi are obtained.•Small size, high gain and UWB capability, the antenna ...is a strong candidate for MWI applications.•The antenna performs admirably in both frequency and time domains with a good fidelity factors of 73% in FtF and acceptable value of 56.7% in SbS.
In this work, a small multilayer ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna for microwave breast imaging (MWI) applications was developed both theoretically and experimentally. However, to improve the antenna performance relating to the bandwidth (BW), the radiating element of the suggested initial antenna is modified by adding a modified split ring resonator (SRR) and slits in the patch as well as the ground plane. Then, to achieve the requisite antenna properties for MWI applications such as the gain and directivity, the antenna is equipped with a uniplanar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure made up of a 3 × 3 array of square modified SRR unit cells. The final proposed prototype has a relatively small size of 20 × 19 × 1.6 mm3 and it accomplishes a return loss below -10 dB (S11< -10 dB) at overall BW of 7 GHz (4.1 – 9.7 GHz) with more than 5 dBi realized gain. In this way, the characteristics of the fabricated antenna are measured to examine the antenna performance. Indeed, the fidelity factor of face-to-face (FtF) and side-by-side (SbS) scenarios are also noticed for the same frequency range. In the final analysis, a simulation model of the antennas, which operate as a transceiver, and a breast phantom model with tumor sample are proposed for detecting cancerous tumor cells within the breast.
Hence, the proposed design is suitable in the biomedical applications such as tumor cell detection.
A small ultra-wideband (UWB) patch antenna for microwave breast imaging (MWI) applications is shown off in this paper. However, to improve the antenna performance relating to the bandwidth (BW), the ...radiating element of the suggested antenna is modified by adding slits in the patch as well as the ground plane. The proposed prototype has a relatively small size of 20 × 19 × 1.6 mm3 and it accomplishes a return loss below −10 dB (S11< −10 dB) at an overall BW of 7 GHz (4–11 GHz) with more than 3 dBi realized gain. The antenna is designed and simulated by using a finite integration technique-based simulator. In this way, the characteristics of the fabricated antenna are measured to examine the antenna performance. Indeed, the fidelity factor of face-to-face (FtF) and side-by-side (SbS) scenarios are also noticed for the same frequency range. In the final analysis, a simulation model of the antennas, that operate as a transceiver, and a breast phantom model with tumor sample is proposed for detecting cancerous tumor cells within the breast. Hence, the proposed approach is suitable for UWB based MWI applications in tumor cell detection.
In this paper, a wideband antenna is proposed for ultra-wideband microwave imaging applications. The antenna is comprised of a tapered slot ground, a rectangular slotted patch and four star-shaped ...parasitic components. The added slotted patch is shown to be effective in improving the bandwidth and gain. The proposed antenna system provides a realized gain of 6 dBi, an efficiency of around 80% on the radiation bandwidth, and a wide impedance bandwidth (S11 < -10 dB) of 6.3 GHz (from 3.8 to 10.1 GHz). This supports a true wideband operation. Furthermore, the fidelity factor for face-to-face (FtF) direction is 91.6%, and for side by side (SbS) is 91.2%. This proves the excellent directionality and less signal distortion of the designed antenna. These high figures establish the potential use of the proposed antenna for imaging. A heterogeneous breast phantom with dielectric characteristics identical to actual breast tissue with the presence of tumors was constructed for experimental validation. An antenna array of the proposed antenna element was situated over an artificial breast to collect reflected and transmitted waves for tumor characterization. Finally, an imaging algorithm was used to process the retrieved data to recreate the image in order to detect the undesirable tumor object inside the breast phantom.
In this study, various breast phantom (BP) models for microwave breast imaging (MBI) are investigated and the creation and assessment of designed models are presented. Symmetrical and asymmetrical BP ...models have been constructed. based on 3D printed structures stuffed with various mixed material combinations that roles various breast tissue layers (skin, healthy fat tissue, glandular tissue, heterogeneous mix tissue, and tumor tissue) in terms of permittivity over the ultra-wide band frequency (3.1-10.6GHz) range. However, the main issue in making such phantoms is coming up with adequate material mixes that mimic those characteristics across the frequency band, as well as creating the phantom with realistic approach. The complex dielectric characteristics are tested after fabrication with a dielectric probe kit coupled to a VNA. Then, the measured complex dielectric properties are compared to the real human breast dielectric values. The symmetrical and asymmetrical phantoms' integrated structure allows the tumor and BPs to be dynamically combined to provide a test setup based on MBI technologies. Once the breast phantom has been produced, antenna arrays are positioned around it to collect scattering parameter data for tumor characterization. Finally, the extracted feature data was used to reconstruct the image in order to find the undesirable tumor component within the breast phantom using an imaging algorithm.
This paper introduces a simple and efficient Microwave Imaging (MWI) setup for detecting fractures in superficial bones, specifically in the tibia. This setup holds promise for the use by ...first-responders in swiftly assessing fractures in emergency scenarios where X-ray equipment may not be readily available or recommended. The key component of this setup is a single wearable monopole antenna, employed to linearly scan the bone across an ultra-wideband frequency range of 8.5 GHz (3.5-12 GHz), with a maximum gain of 5.7 dBi and an efficiency of more than 90%. The antenna system is designed to fit the human body shape without experiencing any performance degradation as compared to the conventional planar antenna counterpart. The practicality of the proposed antenna is demonstrated through simulations involving a bone model, wherein the distribution of electric fields (E-fields) inside the bone is examined. The reconstructed images resulting from these simulations underscore the potential of this conceptual model as a portable platform for efficiently detecting and pinpointing 1 mm fractures within bones by utilizing the extracted field distributions at 4.7 GHz and at 7.9 GHz.
This paper proposes a microwave-based brain stroke imaging system. A monopole patch antenna is loaded with metamaterials (MTM) surfaces to improve the gain required for stroke detection. A simulated ...configuration is described and analyzed in this work. The proposed system's performance is demonstrated upon placing an array of four element near human head tissue for hemorrhage detection and analysis. The proposed antenna's practicality is established via simulations using a realistic head model by examining the scattering characteristics as well as the Electric (E) and magnetic (H) field distributions inside the head. The reconstructed images show the potential of the conceptual model as a portable platform for efficiently detecting and locating hemorrhages inside the brain using the extracted field distributions.
An Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (AVA) is intended proposed to serve a diversity of applications in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands such as Internet of Things (IoT) enabled ...by the fifth-generation communication (5G) applications, biomedical imaging applications and radar applications. The design is developed based on adjusting the radiating flares of a narrow slot antenna by cutting six rectangular slots on both flares' (top and bottom patches) sides. The non-uniform slot on the radiating patches is shown to increase the electrical length and create high- directivity radiation by downregulating induced surface currents that radiate vertically at the outer parts of the radiating arms into the end-fire direction. The proposed AVA has an ultra-wide operating band ranging from 3.29 GHz to more than 45 GHz. The simulated design has a size of 70.5 × 37 × 1.5 mm 3 . The results demonstrate good radiation patterns with gain of 7.7-11 dBi in the end fire direction. The obtained reflection coefficient results, without slits, exhibit an isolation between adjacent resonances in the mm-wave bands that supports IoT applications.
For the organic waste disposal, rotary use of composters is common and frequently employed. Additionally, the amount of energy adopted to move organic waste is a key factor that should be highly ...considered when designing and manufacturing a composter machine and picking up the motor engine. Moreover, the power of promoting organic substance can be represented by compost size, operating parameters (sunshine, humidity...) and based on a simplified organic waste mass model generated by regression approximation mechanical equations with satisfactory results and precision. Finally, the reliable efficiency of this model is measured by particular data on an industrial rotary composter system.
