With the application of Internet of Things and services to manufacturing, the fourth stage of industrialization, referred to as Industrie 4.0, is believed to be approaching. For Industrie 4.0 to come ...true, it is essential to implement the horizontal integration of inter-corporation value network, the end-to-end integration of engineering value chain, and the vertical integration of factory inside. In this paper, we focus on the vertical integration to implement flexible and reconfigurable smart factory. We first propose a brief framework that incorporates industrial wireless networks, cloud, and fixed or mobile terminals with smart artifacts such as machines, products, and conveyors. Then, we elaborate the operational mechanism from the perspective of control engineering, that is, the smart artifacts form a self-organized system which is assisted with the feedback and coordination blocks that are implemented on the cloud and based on the big data analytics. In addition, we outline the main technical features and beneficial outcomes and present a detailed design scheme. We conclude that the smart factory of Industrie 4.0 is achievable by extensively applying the existing enabling technologies while actively coping with the technical challenges.
The mechanism and factors influencing nitrogen loss in the Zhoucun reservoir were explored during the spring. The results showed that the nitrate and total nitrogen concentration decreased from ...1.84 ± 0.01 mg/L and 2.34 ± 0.06 mg/L to 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/L and 0.48 ± 0.09 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, the nitrate and total nitrogen removal rate reached 97.02% ± 0.25 and 79.38% ± 3.32, respectively. Moreover, the abundance of nirS gene and aerobic denitrification bacteria increased from 1.04–3.38 × 103 copies/mL and 0.71 ± 0.22 × 102 cfu/mL to 5.36–5.81 × 103 copies/mL and 8.64 ± 2.08 × 103 cfu/mL, respectively. The low MW fractions of DOM (<5 kDa) increased from 0.94 ± 0.02 mg/L in February to 1.51 ± 0.09 mg/L in April. E3/E4 and absorption spectral slope ratio (SR) showed that fulvic acid accounted for the main proportion with autochthonous characteristics. These findings were consistent with the fluorescence components and fluorescence characteristic indices based on EEM-PARAFAC. Meanwhile, the microbial metabolism activity increased significantly from February to April, which contributed to the cycle of nutrients within the reservoir water system. Moreover, the abundance of the bacterial species involved in denitrification (Exiguobacterium, Brevundimonas, Deinococcus, Paracoccus, and Pseudomonas) increased significantly. The relative abundance of KOs related to nitrogen metabolism, were initially increased and then decreased. Specifically, K02567 (napA) represented the main proportion of KOs related to denitrification. The abundance of napA-type denitrifying bacteria (Dechloromonas, Pseudomonas, Azospira, Rhodopseudomonas, Aeromonas, Zobellella, Sulfuritalea, Bradyrhizobium, Achromobacter, Enterobacter, Thauera, and Magnetospirillum) increased significantly during the period of nitrogen loss. Furthermore, the levels of nitrate, T, DO, and AWCD were the most important factors affecting the N-functional bacteria composition. The systematic investigation of the nitrogen loss would provide a theoretical foundation for the remediation of the water reservoir via aerobic denitrification in the future.
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•Microbial aerobic denitrification dominates nitrogen loss of water column in the spring.•The abundance of nirS and aerobic denitrification bacteria increased obviously.•The abundance of N-functional bacteria and napA-type denitrification bacteria both exhibited obvious increase process.
Selective laser melting (SLM) is among the best technologies to realize near-net forming of metal parts. The process involves the matching of various process parameters to achieve the full density of ...the products. This study was dedicated to understanding the influence of laser energy density and various scanning strategies on the formability of the SLM-fabricated 24CrNiMo specimens, which were characterized in terms of densification, surface quality and microstructure. Firstly, the experiments focused on the adjustment of laser energy density, which was aimed at determining an optimal parameter for the 24CrNiMo steel with the minimum porosity and optimum microstructure. The experimental results illustrated that the relative density of the specimen was promoted to 99.14% and its surface roughness decreased to 19.002 μm by applying the energy density of 56.00 J/mm3. In addition, the microstructure was mainly composed of lower bainite with high strength, and the irregularly oriented grains ensured the homogeneity of the specimen. Subsequently, the residual stress distribution and warping deformation of the specimens prepared by various scanning strategies were thoroughly analyzed to clarify the most suitable strategy for 24CrNiMo steel. It was observed that the specimen prepared by orthogonal scanning strategy exhibited no obvious defects, relatively stable residual stress distribution and optimal surface quality, which could be regarded as a reference for preparing high-quality 24CrNiMo steel via SLM.
•Selective laser melted 24CrNiMo steel was prepared by various process parameters.•The increasing energy density would help promote the formability of 24CrNiMo steel.•Orthogonal scanning strategy would help reduce the accumulation of residual stress.•The optimum process parameters were determined through microstructure analysis.
The re-mined face using top coal caving system is the most applicable method for recovering the remaining reserves of a previous partially-mined thick coal seam. However, this mining method may ...encounter the problems of low recovery and unpredicted geological conditions. A numerical model is developed using PFC2D for studying the movement of top coal mass and development of coal-rock mass interface at a longwall top coal caving re-mined face. The re-mined face advances in the lower seam below the upper solid coal pillar, previous entries and gob. A theoretical analysis according to the unsteady flow model is developed to calculate the proper time duration of caving operation. The results showed that the top coal to be recovered through the caving window before the initiation of caving operation is a partial spheroid-shaped geometry. The boundary between the coal and rock mass then develops to a funnel-shaped coal-roof interface as the caving operation continues. The top coal recovery is 98.1%, 77.1% and 70.5% for caving operations below the solid coal, entries and gob area in the upper seam, respectively. The proper timing of caving and interval of caving operation is important for obtaining a high coal recovery. Good agreement is achieved between the proposed model and the improved Boundary-Release model for short of B-R model. The study in this work may provide reference for the safety and efficiency of the extraction of the longwall top coal caving re-mined face.
Objective
To explore the effect of fast-track surgery combined with a clinical nursing pathway in the rehabilitation of patients treated with total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Methods
We enrolled 70 ...patients diagnosed with avascular necrosis who were treated with a THA. All patients were randomly divided into either a control or a study group. The control group received routine nursing during the perioperative period while the study group received a fast-track surgery combined with a clinical nursing pathway.
Results
There was no significant difference in general condition between the two groups, including the Harris hip score and the SF-36 scale of health. At the third week and the third month after the operation, the Harris hip score and the health SF-36 score of the study group increased significantly compared with the control group. In addition, the study group had a lower incidence of total complications and a shorter hospitalization time, as well as higher satisfaction scores for nursing work compared with the control group.
Conclusion
Fast-track surgery combined with a clinical nursing pathway can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and self-efficacy of patients undergoing THA, and improve the patients' satisfaction with hospitalization.
Re-programming of metabolic pathways is a hallmark of pathological changes in cancer cells. The expression of certain genes that directly control the rate of key metabolic pathways including ...glycolysis, lipogenesis and nucleotide synthesis is dysregulated for the adaptation and progression of tumor cells to become more aggressive phenotypes. The pentose phosphate pathway controlled by glucose- 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) has been appreciated largely to its role as a provider of reducing power and ribose phosphate to the cell for maintenance of redox balance and biosynthesis of nucleotides and lipids. Recently, G6PD has been revealed to be involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the efficacy to anti-cancer therapy, making it as a promising target in cancer therapy. This review summarizes the information about the latest progress relating the activity of the G6PD to cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to therapy in cancer cells, and discusses the possibility of G6PD as a diagnostic biomarker of cancer and the therapeutic potentials of G6PD inhibitors in cancer treatment. The available data show that G6PD plays a critical role in survival, proliferation, and metastasis of cancer cells. Development of potent and selective G6PD inhibitors would provide novel opportunity for cancer therapy.
Industry 4.0, which exploits cyber-physical systems and represents digital transformation of manufacturing, is deeply affecting healthcare as well as other traditional production sector. To ...accommodate the increasing demand of agility, flexibility, and low cost in healthcare sector, a data-driven reconfigurable production mode of Smart Factory for pharmaceutical manufacturing is proposed in this paper. The architecture of the Smart Factory is consisted of three primary layers, namely perception layer, deployment layer, and executing layer. A Manufacturing's Semantics Ontology based knowledgebase is introduced in the perception layer, which is responsible for plan scheduling of pharmaceutical production. The reconfigurable plans are generated from the production demand of drugs as well as the information statement of low-level machine resources. To further functionality reconfiguration and low-level controlling, the IEC 61499 standard is also introduced for functionality modeling and machine controlling. We verify the proposed method with an experiment of demand-based drug packing production, which reflects the feasibility and adequate flexibility of the proposed method.
Shopping malls are crowded areas which makes the evacuation routes unable to meet personnel evacuation needs. Therefore, this paper proposes the idea of using escalators evacuation to increasing ...evacuation routes. In addition, the effects of escalator fire shutters on the use of escalator evacuation paths, and the efficiency of mall personnel evacuation under different conditions were simulated. The results show that the different states of fire shutters have different effects on the emergency evacuation. When the fire shutter is not lowered, it will result in 1 person not being evacuated to complete. However, when the fire shutter is lowered to 1.8 m from the ground or sprinklers are set, escalators can be used for evacuation routes are verified. And compared to the normal descent of the fire shutter (only the staircase evacuation, 2 people not evacuate completed), the evacuation of people is completed and the efficiency of evacuation is improved. This result can improve the new evacuation model for emergency evacuation plans of shopping malls with escalators.
The drying process of immersed lignite has a significant influence on the characteristics and progress of spontaneous combustion. To reveal the influence mechanism of the drying process of immersed ...coal on the spontaneous combustion characteristics and the change rule of the spontaneous combustion process, in this research, we measured the mass change during coal oxidation with thermogravimetry, and the change of the functional groups with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The influence of the drying process on the coal was analyzed by comparing activation energy, functional group of immersed coal with different drying degrees and raw coal. The results showed that, compared with raw coal, the content of Ar-C-O- and antisymmetric stretching vibration of the carboxylate group (-COO-) as well as the stretching vibration in the quinone group (C=O) and the -OH group increased. For the content of Formula: see text,Formula: see textFormula: see text, the value of Asym.CH
/Asym.CH
decreased. The content of various functional groups changed to be favorable for oxidation and heat release. At different reaction stages, the activation energy was differently affected by the degree of drying. Average values of activation energies at different reaction stages are shown raw coal had the lowest activation energy. After soaking in water and drying, the activation energy of coal is increased to varying degrees, the reactivity is reduced, and the risk of spontaneous combustion is reduced. After soaking in water and drying, the activation energy of coal is increased to varying degrees, the reactivity is reduced, and the risk of spontaneous combustion is reduced. The activation energy of the coal samples dried for 24 h after soaking in water is the lowest among the coal samples dried for different times after soaking in water, and the moisture content is 10.5%.
► Open porous PU foams were chosen as sound absorption media. ► The pore sizes of the foams are 0.35–1.05mm with open porosity of 16.0–88.6%. ► The absorption coefficient increased with open ...porosity. ► The compressive strength of the foams decreased with open porosity.
Interconnected pore cell in appropriately chosen porous media can help to enhance their sound absorption performance. Acoustic absorbing foam materials were produced from polyurethane (PU) with addition of water as a blowing agent and OR-501 as open pore cell agent. The pore sizes of the foams were varied from 0.35 to 1.05mm in diameter and the pore cells were interconnected with open porosity in the range from 16.0% to 88.6%. The compressive strength of the foams decreased with increase of interconnected cell ratios. There was a decrease of the strength lower than 92.6% compared to the closed cell sample when interconnected cell ratio was 88.6%. The acoustical efficiencies of PU foams were studied, and the results showed that the porous cell size and interconnected porosity of PU foams had significant influence on the acoustical efficiencies. Significant enhancements of the absorption properties could be obtained over a low frequency band by increasing the interconnected porous cell. The absorption coefficient of the interconnected cell foam was 0.66 at low frequency of 250–600Hz with an increase of 100% compared to the closed-cell ones. The internal transmission path and loss mechanism of noise in the porous polyurethane materials were also analyzed in the present work.
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