This paper reports petrology, major and trace element content, and Fe isotopic composition of minerals from a suite of spinel lherzolites entrained in the Cenozoic Niutoushan basalt from the ...Cathaysia block, South China. The aim is to constrain the nature and evolution of the lithospheric mantle, as well as the factors controlling the fractionation of Fe isotopes beneath the Cathaysia block, South China. Based on the petrographic features and mineral compositions, the Niutoushan spinel lherzolite can be subdivided into two groups. Group 1 lherzolite has a high olivine Fo content (89.3 to 90.6) and both LREE-depleted and LREE-enriched chondrite-normalized REE patterns in clinopyroxene grains, reflecting variable degrees of partial melt extraction (up to 20%) followed by a multistage metasomatic history. The Fe isotopic composition of Group 1 lherzolite minerals shows little variation (δ57/54Fe = −0.05‰ to 0.03‰) with an average of 0.00 ± 0.06‰ (2SD, n =7), close to the suggested δ57/54Fe value of 0.04 ± 0.04‰ for the upper mantle, and there is no significant inter-mineral disequilibria. Compared with the Group 1 lherzolite, the Group 2 lherzolite experienced melt-rock interaction with significant enrichment of Fe as evidenced by relatively lower Mg# (84.9 to 88.2) in olivine and pyroxene grains and LREE-enriched REE patterns in clinopyroxene. Importantly, the Group 2 lherzolite exhibits a large range in Fe isotopic compositions, with δ57/54Fe ranging from −0.48‰ to 0.27‰, and disequilibrium Fe isotope fractionation is noted between most of coexisting Group 2 minerals (Δ57/54FeOpx–Ol = −0.16‰ to 0.25‰ and Δ57/54FeCpx–Ol = −0.16‰ to 0.30‰), reflecting kinetic fractionation during melt-rock interaction. Such processes play an important role in producing inter-mineral Fe isotopic disequilibrium and local Fe isotopic heterogeneity of the subcontinental mantle lithosphere beneath the Cathaysia block, South China, as noted for the subcontinental lithospheric mantle under the North China Craton.
•The Niutoushan spinel lherzolite can be subdivided into two groups.•Group 1 lherzolites are refractory mantle residues later modified by metasomatism.•Group 2 lherzolites are strongly metasomatized and enriched in iron.•Melt percolation result in the Fe isotopic heterogeneity of mantle beneath Niutoushan.
Polyphenols from the
L. berry have shown protective effects on experimental non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in our previous studies. As endotoxins from gut bacteria are considered to be the ...major trigger of inflammation in NAFLD, this study aims to clarify the regulatory effects of
L. berry polyphenols (LCBP) on gut microbiota in a high fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model. C57BL/6N mice were fed with a normal diet, HFD, or HFD containing 0.5⁻1% of LCBP for 45 days. The results revealed that supplementation with LCBP decreased significantly the levels of IL-2, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α in serum, as well as endotoxin levels in both serum and liver in HFD-fed mice. Fecal microbiota characterization by high throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that a HFD increased the
/
ratio, and LCBP reduced this ratio by increasing the relative abundance of
, and another two undefined bacterial genera belonging to the order of
and family of
, and also by decreasing the relative abundance of six bacterial genera belonging to the phylum
, including
,
,
, and
. These data demonstrated that LCBP potentially attenuated inflammation in NAFLD through modulation of gut microbiota, especially the ratio of
to
.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different acute high ambient temperatures on redox status in liver of broilers. A total of 144 35-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided ...into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 6 birds each and subsequently distributed in different environment chambers for acute heat stress. The temperature of 4 environment chambers were set to 26°C (control), 29°C, 32°C, 35°C for 6 h, respectively. Various indicators were tested to evaluate hepatic redox status. Then, the hallmarks of hepatocellular antioxidant and apoptosis were measured by qRT-PCR and Western Blot. The results showed that with the ambient temperature increase (i) the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and protein carbonyl (PC) in the liver of broilers increased significantly (P < 0.05), but the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was not affected; (ii) the activity of catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) increased significantly (P < 0.05). Similarly, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) had an increasing tendency (P = 0.07), and the content of the reduced glutathione (GSH) was also significantly increased (P < 0.05) under high temperature; (iii) the heat shock protein (HSP70), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and other antioxidant gene (HO-1, NQO1, GCLc, GST, SOD1, SOD2, CAT, Prx3) were upregulated in broilers liver. Moreover, the protein level of HSP70, Nrf2, and Prx3 were also upregulated; (iv) high temperature upregulated the antiapoptotic gene expression (BCL-2); however, the proapoptotic genes (BAK1, caspase-3, and caspase-9) did not change significantly; meanwhile, there was no significant changes in the protein level of caspase-3 and caspase-9. The results of this study indicated that 35-day-old Arbor Acres broilers have a certain tolerance to oxidative stress induced by high ambient temperature. Six hours of acute heat stress–activated Nrf2 signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the expression of related antioxidant genes and proteins is upregulated, consequently resulted in increased antioxidant enzymes activity and GSH. These effects enable the body to scavenge large amounts of reactive oxygen species produced by high temperature and prevent the occurrence of apoptosis.
The adverse effects of short-term megadose of antibiotics exposure on the gastrointestinal and liver tissue reactions in young children have been reported. Antibiotic-induced intestinal and liver ...reactions are usually unpredictable and present a poorly understood pathogenesis. It is, therefore, necessary to develop strategies for reducing the adverse effects of antibiotics. Studies on the harm and rescue measures of antibiotics from the perspective of the gut-liver system are lacking. Here, we demonstrate that lincomycin exposure reduced body weight, disrupted the composition of gut microbiota and intestinal morphology, triggered immune-mediated injury and inflammation, caused liver dysfunction, and affected lipid metabolism. However, baicalin administration attenuated the lincomycin-induced changes. Transcriptome analysis showed that baicalin improved immunity in mice, as evidenced by the decreased levels of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and expression of genes that regulate Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell differentiation, and inhibited mucin type O-glycan biosynthesis pathways. In addition, baicalin improved liver function by upregulating the expression of genes involved in bile acid secretion and lipid degradation, and downregulating genes involved in lipid synthesis in lincomycin-treated mice. Bile acids can regulate intestinal immunity and strengthen hepatoenteric circulation. In addition, baicalin also improved anti-inflammatory bacteria abundance (
and
) and reduced pathogenic bacteria abundance (
,
, and
) in lincomycin-treated mice. Thus, baicalin can ameliorate antibiotic-induced injury and its associated complications such as liver disease.
Antibiotic related intestinal injury in early life affects subsequent health and susceptibility. Here, we employed weaned piglets as a model to investigate the protective effects of baicalin against ...early-life antibiotic exposure-induced microbial dysbiosis. Piglets exposed to lincomycin showed a marked reduction in body weight (p < 0.05) and deterioration of jejunum intestinal morphology, alongside an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Dolosicoccus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Raoultella. In contrast, baicalin treatment resulted in body weights, intestinal morphology, and microbial profiles that closely resembled those of the control group (p > 0.05), with a significant increase in norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group colonization compared with lincomycin group (p < 0.05). Further analysis through fecal microbial transplantation into mice revealed that lincomycin exposure led to significant alterations in intestinal morphology and microbial composition, notably increasing harmful microbes and decreasing beneficial ones such as norank_Muribaculaceae and Akkermansia (p < 0.05). This shift was associated with an increase in harmful metabolites and disruption of the calcium signaling pathway gene expression. Conversely, baicalin supplementation not only counteracted these effects but also enhanced beneficial metabolites and regulated genes within the MAPK signaling pathway (MAP3K11, MAP4K2, MAPK7, MAPK13) and calcium channel proteins (ORA13, CACNA1S, CACNA1F and CACNG8), suggesting a mechanism through which baicalin mitigates antibiotic-induced intestinal and microbial disturbances. These findings highlight baicalin's potential as a plant extract-based intervention for preventing antibiotic-related intestinal injury and offer new targets for therapeutic strategies.
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Clinical data suggest that male reproductive dysfunction especially infertility is a critical issue for type 1 diabetic patient (T1D) because most of them are at the reproductive age. Gut dysbiosis ...is involved in T1D related male infertility. However, the improved gut microbiota can be used to boost spermatogenesis and male fertility in T1D remains incompletely understood.
T1D was established in ICR (CD1) mice with streptozotocin. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) improved gut microbiota (fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from AOS improved gut microbiota; A10-FMT) was transplanted into the T1D mice by oral administration. Semen quality, gut microbiota, blood metabolism, liver, and spleen tissues were determined to investigate the beneficial effects of A10-FMT on spermatogenesis and underlying mechanisms.
We found that A10-FMT significantly decreased blood glucose and glycogen, and increased semen quality in streptozotocin-induced T1D subjects. A10-FMT improved T1D-disturbed gut microbiota, especially the increase in small intestinal lactobacillus, and blood and testicular metabolome to produce n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to ameliorate spermatogenesis and semen quality. Moreover, A10-FMT can improve spleen and liver functions to strengthen the systemic environment for sperm development. FMT from gut microbiota of control animals (Con-FMT) produced some beneficial effects; however, to a smaller extent.
AOS-improved gut microbiota (specific microbes) may serve as a novel, promising therapeutic approach for the improvement of semen quality and male fertility in T1D patients via gut microbiota-testis axis.
According to the Chinese encyclopedia "
" (AD 1552-1578),
and
Georgi are used in traditional Chinese medicine to clear heat, detoxify, and treat wind-heat colds, upper respiratory tract infections, ...and pneumonia. However, the mechanism and the effects of the compound extracts of
and
Georgi on intestinal health remain unclear. From the perspective of intestinal microbes, this study assessed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and intestinal protective properties of
and
Georgi. Mice received diets with or without
and
Georgi extractive (BCA) for 2 weeks in this study. The results showed that BCA increased body weight gain, feed intake, and catalase (CAT) content in the mice but reduced γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) content in the serum (
< 0.05). BCA improved the Sobs, Chao, and Ace indices, as well as the number of Campylobacterota, Patercibacteria, and Desulfobacterota in the colon microbiota, while it decreased the Firmicutes phylum (
< 0.05). At the genus level, BCA increased
, etc. abundance (
< 0.05), but it significantly decreased
and
abundance (
< 0.05). Moreover, BCA improved the concentration of acetic acid, butyric acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid and diminished the concentration of isobutyric acid (
< 0.05). Correlation analysis shows that the changes in short-chain fatty acids and antioxidant and inflammatory indices in the serum were significantly correlated with the BCA-enriched microbiota. This study supplemented a database for the application of
and
Georgi in clinical and animal production.
The Changbaishan (Tianchi) volcano extending across the border of northeast China and North Korea erupted ~
100
km
3 peralkaline rhyolites around 1000
AD. This Millennium eruption of the Changbaishan ...volcano is one of the two largest explosive eruptions in the past 2000
years. Here we report the results of uranium–thorium dating of zircons from the Changbaishan volcanic rocks. Our data indicate that the rhyolitic magmas were stored in the crust for only 8.2
±
1.2
ka prior to eruption. Based on titanium-in-zircon geothermometer and alkali feldspar-glass geothermometer, the rhyolitic magmas were formed at a relatively low temperature (~
740
±
40
°C). This storage time is very short compared with other large volume catastrophic silicic eruptions. This work demonstrates that peralkaline rhyolitic magmas from the Changbaishan volcano can develop into a catastrophic eruptive phase quite quickly.
►Changbaishan volcano had a huge (magnitude 7) explosive eruption in ~
1000
AD. ►Zircons from the huge Millennium eruption are only 9000
years old. ►Magma storage time for the huge Millennium eruption is short (8000
years). ►Magma temperature was low (740
°C). ►The Changbaishan volcano is still a dangerous volcano.
The increasing incidence of cancer and intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapeutics are causing worldwide concern. Many approaches such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) have been used ...to minimize mucositis. However, it is still unknown whether FMT from a donor with beneficial gut microbiota results in more effective intestinal function in the recipient. Recently, we found that alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) benefit murine gut microbiota through increasing "beneficial" microbes to rescue busulfan induced mucositis.
In the current investigation, FMT from AOS-dosed mice improved small intestine function over FMT from control mice through the recovery of gene expression and an increase in the levels of cell junction proteins. FMT from AOS-dosed mice showed superior benefits over FMT from control mice on recipient gut microbiotas through an increase in "beneficial" microbes such as Leuconostocaceae and recovery in blood metabolome. Furthermore, the correlation of gut microbiota and blood metabolites suggested that the "beneficial" microbe Lactobacillales helped with the recovery of blood metabolites, while the "harmful" microbe Mycoplasmatales did not.
The data confirm our hypothesis that FMT from a donor with superior microbes leads to a more profound recovery of small intestinal function. We propose that gut microbiota from naturally produced AOS-treated donor may be used to prevent small intestinal mucositis induced by chemotherapeutics or other factors in recipients. Video Abstract.
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