Explore how technology museums can integrate interactive garden culture to promote sustainability and environmental protection. Pay special attention to how virtual reality technology integrates with ...garden culture to create a unique exhibition experience that interacts with nature. In addition, conduct in-depth research on how interactive garden culture can enhance the participation and learning experience of museum visitors. One of the focuses of research is how to enhance the effectiveness of interactive garden culture through multi-sensory experiences and emotional interactions in museum exhibitions. Finally, we will explore how digital gardens can promote cultural interaction and participatory design to enrich the content and experience of museum exhibitions.
US companies are increasingly responding to demand from investors and other stakeholders for transparent information about companies' environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance by ...issuing ESG reports on a voluntary basis. We examine whether these reports help to resolve the previously documented disagreement among ESG rating agencies about individual companies' ESG performance. Consistent with this possibility, we find that disagreement among ESG rating agencies is lower for firms that voluntarily issue ESG reports. In particular, disclosures about the environmental and social dimensions help reduce disagreement about the company's performance on those dimensions. Using textual analysis, we find that longer reports are associated with reduced disagreement among ESG raters while reports with more positive tones or that use a greater number of sticky words are associated with heightened disagreement. The association between ESG disclosure and ESG disagreement is more pronounced when firms obtain third-party attestations on their ESG reports, especially from accounting firms, and when firms adhere to advanced levels of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) reporting standards. Finally, ESG disagreement is positively associated with disagreement and uncertainty in the capital market, providing strong motivation for firms to voluntarily disclose ESG reports to reduce ESG disagreement.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide, which seriously threatens women's physical and mental health. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown ...significant advantages in cancer treatment. PDT involves activating photosensitizers with appropriate wavelengths of light, producing transient levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared with free photosensitizers, the use of nanoparticles in PDT shows great advantages in terms of solubility, early degradation, and biodistribution, as well as more effective intercellular penetration and targeted cancer cell uptake. Under the current circumstances, researchers have made promising efforts to develop nanocarrier photosensitizers. Reasonably designed photosensitizer (PS) nanoparticles can be achieved through non-covalent (self-aggregation, interfacial deposition, interfacial polymerization or core-shell embedding and physical adsorption) or covalent (chemical immobilization or coupling) processes and accumulate in certain tumors through passive and/or active targeting. These PS loading methods provide chemical and physical stability to the PS payload. Among nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles have the advantages of high stability, adjustable size, optical properties, and easy surface functionalization, making them more biocompatible in biological applications. In this review, we summarize the current development and application status of photodynamic therapy for breast cancer, especially the latest developments in the application of metal nanocarriers in breast cancer PDT, and highlight some of the recent synergistic therapies, hopefully providing an accessible overview of the current knowledge that may act as a basis for new ideas or systematic evaluations of already promising results.
Pavement compaction is an important index to evaluate the construction quality of rubber asphalt pavement. The spreading temperature segregation of mixture will affect the pavement compaction degree. ...To study the relationship between temperature segregation of crumb rubber-modified asphalt (CRA) mixture and pavement compactness, the 40-mesh crumb rubber powder was used to prepare CRA, and the Superpave design method was adopted to design the CRA mixture in the laboratory. Based on the infrared thermal imaging technology, the segregation of CRA mixture was quickly detected, and the pavement compactness was measured by coring at the temperature detection point. On this basis, a numerical analysis model of temperature–pavement compactness was established. The results show that the temperature data detected by the infrared thermal imager are reliable after comparison with the measured data of the thermometer. The temperature segregation of the mixture in direct contact with the atmosphere and the car body during transportation is serious. When the temperature segregation difference of CRA mixture is increased by 5 °C, the bulk specific gravity difference of coring specimen increases by 0.012. According to the field measured data, the relationship between paving temperature and compactness of rubber asphalt mixture is a quadratic function.
This paper studies the heterogeneous responses of firms to monetary policy shocks and the possible adverse effect of expansionary monetary policy on resource reallocation. Using Chinese firm‐level ...data, we find that when expansionary monetary shock hits the economy, less productive firms are more responsive than productive firms in terms of resource accumulation. We identify two mechanisms for this effect. First, less productive firms accumulate net worth more slowly. They have higher leverage ratio and are more sensitive to monetary policy changes (the intensive margin). Second, monetary expansion relaxes borrowing constraints, which enables unproductive firms to survive. The congestion effect prevents resources from allocating to more productive firms. Our finding is robust even if we use private firm subsamples or avoid the massive fiscal stimulus in China around 2009. We provide a simple model of firm dynamics to capture these effects.
We propose a method based on Synchrosqueezing Transform (SST) for vibration event analysis and identification in Phase Sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) systems. SST has high ...time-frequency resolution and phase information, which can distinguish and enhance different vibration events. We use six tap events with different intensities and six other events as experimental data and test the effect of attenuation. We use Visual Geometry Group (VGG), Vision Transformer (ViT), and Residual Network (ResNet) as deep classifiers for the SST transformed data. The results show that our method outperforms the methods based on Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), while ResNet is the best classifier. Our method can achieve high recognition rate under different signal strengths, event types, and attenuation levels, which shows its value for Φ-OTDR system.
Long-term underground coal mining activities results in severe surface deformation and land subsidence, altering soil physical properties significantly. Soil particle size distribution (PSD) is a ...fundamental physical attribute affecting many other soil properties. Therefore, understanding the variability of PSD is crucial to conduct targeted land rehabilitation. In present study, a novel method combining multi-fractal theory and geostatistics was advanced to characterize the spatial variability of soil PSD in a coal-mined subsidence area. Three independent field plots, i.e., one unmined plot (UMP), one subsided plots (SUP), and one reclaimed plot (RCP), in NO.3 Pingshuo Anjialing underground coal-mine in Shanxi province of China, were selected to perform this study. Four multi-fractal attributes of PSD of individual soil samples, i.e., D(0), D(1), Δα(q) and Δf(α), in three plots were calculated, and geo-statistics was employed to quantify the spatial variability of multi-fractal attributes of PSD. This combining method showed some advantages in characterizing the variability of soil PSD compared to single multi-fractal, single geo-statistics or traditional statistics, and it can characterize the spatial variability of overall PSD characteristics in detail, quantifying the spatial variability of soil PSD range, PSD concentration degree, PSD non-uniformity, and PSD non-symmetry. The soil PSD range, PSD concentration degree, PSD non-uniformity and PSD non-symmetry in this underground coal mining area didn't present a high spatial variability. Combining multi-fractal theory and geostatistics is an effective method to characterize the spatial variability of soil PSD in underground coal-mine area, and this method is universal and can be popularized and applied in other unmined areas.
•Spatial variability of soil PSD in an underground coal mining was analyzed.•A novel approach combining multi-fractal theory and geo-statistics was proposed.•The combining method characterized the variability of overall PSD characteristics.
Artificial intelligence (AI) has received much attention in the domain of railway traffic planning and management (TPM) from academia and industries. While many promising applications have been ...reported, there remains a lack of detailed review of the many AI models/algorithms and their uses and adaptations in rail TPM. To fill this gap, this systematic literature review conducts, reports, and synthesizes the state-of-the-art of AI applied in railway TPM from four perspectives, i.e., the intersection between AI research fields (e.g., expert systems, data mining, and adversarial search) and rail TPM, the intersection between AI techniques (e.g., evolutionary computing and machine learning) and rail TPM, the intersection between AI applications (e.g., operations research, scheduling, and planning) and rail TPM, and the intersection between AI related disciplines (e.g., big data analytics and digital twins) and rail TPM. The study evaluates 95 research papers published during 1970–2022. Accordingly, a comprehensive synthesis of each intersection between AI and rail TPM is presented, and the practical roadmap for application of AI in rail TPM is proposed. Furthermore, the study identifies the research gaps and areas that need more investigation. The contribution helps researchers and practitioners to get a better understanding of the status quo of research stream, research development trends, and challenges for further related study.
In this paper, the problem of crack propagation in the gradient nano-grained (GNG) metals is studied through extensive quasi-3D molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Numerical samples of GNG copper ...with initial central crack are established and simulations of uniaxial deformation are carried out. The effect of the grain size gradient on the crack propagation is systematically investigated by comparing the propagation rates between the two tips of the central crack as well as by comparing the results of the GNG sample with those of uniform samples with different grain sizes. It is found that introduction of the grain size gradient can compromise the ability of the nano-grained metals to resist the crack propagation for grain size in inverse Hall–Petch regime. The crack tip profile, the stress, and the density of atoms of various defect structures were analyzed to gain insight into the synergistic interactions between the dislocation activity, the grain boundary mechanisms and the crack propagation. This work is intended to provide not only a mechanistic understanding of the fracture behavior of GNG metals, but also a guideline for ensuring the safety application of such advanced materials.
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