The brain compensation mechanism in postoperative delirium (POD) has not been reported. We uncovered the mechanism by exploring the association between POD and glioma grades, and the relationship ...between preoperative brain structural and functional compensation with POD in patients with frontal glioma.
A total of 335 adult patients with glioma were included. The multivariable analysis examined the association between tumor grade and POD. Then, 20 patients with left frontal lobe glioma who had presurgical structural and functional MRI data and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in this cohort were analyzed. We measured the gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) in patients with (
= 8) and without (
= 12) POD and healthy controls (HCs,
= 29) to detect the correlation between the structural and functional alteration and POD.
The incidence of POD was 37.3%. Multivariable regression revealed that high-grade glioma had approximately six times the odds of POD. Neuroimaging data showed that compared with HC, the patients with left frontal lobe glioma showed significantly increased GMV of the right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the non-POD group and decreased GMV of right DLPFC in the POD group, and the POD group exhibited significantly decreased FC of right DLPFC, and the non-POD group showed the increasing tendency. Partial correlation analysis showed that GMV in contralesional DLPFC were positively correlated with preoperative neurocognition, and the GMV and FC in contralesional DLPFC were negatively correlated with POD.
Our findings suggested that insufficient compensation for injured brain regions involving cognition might be more vulnerable to suffering from POD.
The ultimate goal in cancer therapy and diagnosis is to achieve highly specific targeting to cancer cells. Coated with the source cancer cell membrane specifically derived from the homologous tumors, ...the nanoparticles are identified with the self-recognition internalization by the source cancer cell lines in vitro and the highly tumor-selective targeting “homing” to the homologous tumor in vivo even in the competition of another heterologous tumor. As the result, MNP@DOX@CCCM nanovehicle showed strong potency for tumor treatment in vivo and the MR imaging. This bioinspired strategy shows great potential for precise therapy/diagnosis of various tumors merely by adjusting the cell membrane source accordingly on the nanoparticle surface.
Perovskite microplates have important implications in the fields of functional electronics and optoelectronics. We report a facile strategy, antisolvent treatment for the growth of perovskite ...microplates. The morphology and crystalline quality of the microplates could be controlled by the amount of the chlorobenzene antisolvent used. An appropriate amount of antisolvent facilitates the formation of high-quality perovskite microplates with no residual precursor remaining. Spatially and temporally resolved fluorescence measurements demonstrate the heterogeneity of defect-state density and recombination processes in various perovskite microplate regions. The body center shows higher defect state density when compared with that at the edge or the corner of the microplate. Excessive antisolvent degrades the microplates into smaller particles. The results of this study reveal the factors that influence the crystallization process and photophysical dynamics of perovskite microplates.
In visible light communication (VLC) systems for automotive applications, different kinds of traffic data with intended priority are usually demanded for transmission to meet an important requirement ...for both driving safety and the simplicity of a receiver, mainly due to a time urgency issue. For this need, a concept called an additively uniquely decomposable constellation (signal amplitude set) group (AUDCG) is proposed in this paper to transmit multilayer data for VLC through constellation cooperation. Then, an optimal AUDCG is designed by minimizing the average optical power subject to a fixed minimum Euclidean distance. One of the significant advantages of this optimal design is fast demodulation of the sum signal from a noisy received signal, as well as fast decoding of individual signal from the estimated sum signal. Another important advantage is that this design allows each user constellation to be flexibly assigned to meet different priority requirements. Computer simulations indicate that our proposed design has better error performance than the currently available time-orthogonal transmission scheme for this application.
Although the turbulent intensity is suppressed in the drag-reducing channel flow by viscoelastic additives, the mean velocity distribution in the channel flow is symmetrical and tends to be similar ...to the laminar flow. In the study of near-wall modulation of the drag-reducing flow with an injected ultrathin water layer, an asymmetrical mean velocity distribution was found. To further investigate this phenomenon and the underlying cause, an experiment was carried out with the water injected from a porous channel wall at a small velocity (~10−4 m/s) into the drag-reducing flow of surfactant solution. The instantaneous concentration and flow fields were measured by using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) techniques, respectively. Moreover, analyses on turbulent statistical characteristics and spatial distribution of viscoelastic structures were carried out on the basis of comparison among various flow cases. The results showed that the injected ultrathin water layer under present experimental conditions affected the anisotropy of the drag-reducing flow. The characteristics, such as turbulence intensity, showed the zonal feature in the wall-normal direction. The Reynolds shear stress was enhanced in the near-wall region, and the viscoelastic structure was modified severely due to the redistributed stress. These results may provide experimental supports for the near-wall modulation of turbulence and the exploration of the drag-reducing mechanism by viscoelastic additives.
Polyploidy is a common evolutionary occurrence in plants. Recently, published genomes of allotetraploid G. hirsutum and its donors G. arboreum and G. raimondii make cotton an accessible polyploid ...model. This study used chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) to investigate the genome-wide distribution of H3K4me3 in G. arboreum and G. hirsutum, and explore the conservation and variation of genome structures between diploid and allotetraploid cotton. Our results showed that H3K4me3 modifications were associated with active transcription in both cottons. The H3K4me3 histone markers appeared mainly in genic regions and were enriched around the transcription start sites (TSSs) of genes. We integrated the ChIP-seq data of H3K4me3 with RNA-seq and ESTs data to refine the genic structure annotation. There were 6,773 and 12,773 new transcripts discovered in G. arboreum and G. hirsutum, respectively. Furthermore, co-expression networks were linked with histone modification and modularized in an attempt to explain differential H3K4me3 enrichment correlated with changes in gene transcription during cotton development and evolution. Taken together, we have combined epigenomic and transcriptomic datasets to systematically discover functional genes and compare them between G. arboreum and G. hirsutum, which may be beneficial for studying diploid and allotetraploid plants with large genomes and complicated evolution.
Proteins post-translational modification (PTMs) is necessary in the whole life process of organisms. Among them, lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) plays an important role in protein synthesis, ...transcriptional regulation, and cell metabolism. Khib is a newly identified PTM in several plant species. However, the function of Khib in maize was unclear. In this study, western blotting results showed that Khib modification level increased significantly after
Fusarium graminearum
infection, and 2,066 Khib modified sites on 728 proteins were identified in maize, among which 24 Khib sites occurred on core histones. Subcellular localization results showed that these Khib modified proteins were localized in cytoplasm, chloroplast, and nucleus. Then, comparative proteomic analysis of the defense response to
F. graminearum
infection showed that Khib modification participated in plant resistance to pathogen infection by regulating glycolysis, TCA cycle, protein synthesis, peroxisome, and secondary metabolic processes, such as benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, jasmonic acid synthesis, and tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. In addition, we also demonstrated that lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation sites on histones were involved in the gene expression of pathogenesis-related proteins. Our results provide a new perspective for the study of plant disease resistance, and had directive significance of maize disease resistance for molecular breeding.
Background:
Fat-free mass (FFM) depletion can be masked by a stable body weight or weight gain in the presence of a normal or high body mass index (BMI). This study investigated the prognostic value ...of low fat-free mass index (FFMI) in cancer patients with normal or high BMI.
Methods:
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 1,602 cancer patients with normal/high BMI. The association of FFMI with patients' overall survival (OS) was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox model.
Results:
In this analysis, there were 974 (60.8%) females and 628 (39.2%) males. Low FFMI was associated with worse OS when compared with those patients with normal FFMI. After multivariate adjustment, low FFMI was demonstrated to be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor (HR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.28, 2.23;
P
< 0.001) in cancer patients with normal/high BMI. For specific tumor type, low FFMI was found to be associated with worse prognosis in patients with lung cancer, breast cancer and upper gastrointestinal cancer. In subgroup analysis, the association of low FFMI with worse survival was significantly modified by weight loss (
P
for interaction = 0.012), and those patients with concurrent low FFMI and weight loss showed the worst prognosis (HR: 3.53; 95% CI: 2.04, 6.11;
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
Low FFMI was associated with worse prognosis in cancer patients with normal/high BMI. This study highlights the usefulness of FFMI for prognostic estimation in these patients.
Characterizing a surface defect is very crucial in non-destructive testing (NDT). We employ an electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) to detect the surface defect of a nonmagnetic material. An ...appropriate feature that can avoid the interference of the human factor is vital for evaluating the crack quantitatively. Moreover, it can also reduce the influence of other factors, such as the lift-off, during the testing. In this paper, we conduct experiments at various depths of surface cracks in an aluminum plate, and a new feature, lift-off slope (LOS), is put forward for the theoretical and experimental analyses of the lift-off effect on the receiving signals. Besides, by changing the lift-off between the receiving probe and the sample for testing, a new method is adopted to evaluate surface defects with the EMAT. Compared with other features, the theoretical and experimental results show that the feature lift-off slope has many advantages prior to the other features for evaluating the surface defect with the EMAT. This can reduce the lift-off effect of one probe. Meanwhile, it is not essential to measure the signal without defects.
In response to the challenging task of effecting CO
2
and N
2
adsorption separation under humid gas conditions, this study employs a methodology that integrates molecular simulation with ...high-throughput screening. The focus is on investigating the adsorption separation of a ternary mixture (CO
2
/N
2
/H
2
O) utilizing the most recent experimental synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) from the CoRE-MOF-2019 database. To circumvent the competitive adsorption of water vapor, materials with excessive hydrophilicity are systematically excluded. Subsequently, a univariate analysis is conducted on the remaining 1343 MOFs, exploring the intricate relationships between key structural parameters such as pore limiting diameter, maximum pore cavity diameter of free channels (LCD), pore volume (
V
pore
), volume surface area (VSA), weight surface area, density (
ρ
), porosity (
φ
), Henry coefficient (
K
), adsorption heat (
Q
st
0
), and metal types. The investigation reveals positive correlations between
ρ
,
K
, and
Q
st
0
with selectivity, while other descriptors exhibit negative correlations. Notably, MOFs enriched with Cd and Cu demonstrate superior performance. Subsequent analysis employs Pearson coefficients and a decision tree model to rank descriptors and identify the top three descriptors (LCD, VSA, and
Q
st
0
) influencing performance. Utilizing these descriptors, the decision tree model delineates optimal design criteria:
Q
st
0
> 28.296 kJ mol
−1
, LCD < 5.893 Å, and VSA > 727.596 m
2
cm
−3
. To predict the performance of MOFs that have not yet been synthesized or experimentally validated, we employed the nine descriptors for model training and out-of-sample validation. The decision tree classifier exhibits high prediction accuracy and shows excellent transferability, effectively delineating the boundaries between different performance classes by capturing structural–selectivity correlations. This process culminates in the screening of 15 optimal MOFs, offering theoretical insights for the adsorption separation of CO
2
in humid flue gas.
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