•Multi-method geochronology was applied on the flat-top mountains in central Tibet.•Northern Lhasa Terrane experienced exhumation in latest Cretaceous to earliest Paleogene.•The planation of the well ...preserved peneplains took place in Early Eocene.•Planation process took place at low elevation.
Highly elevated and well-preserved peneplains are characteristic geomorphic features of the Tibetan plateau in the northern Lhasa Terrane, north–northwest of Nam Co. The peneplains were carved in granitoids and in their metasedimentary host formations. We use multi-method geochronology (zircon U–Pb and U–Th/He dating and apatite fission track and U–Th/He dating) to constrain the post-emplacement thermal history of the granitoids and the timing and rate of final exhumation of the peneplain areas. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology of zircons yields two narrow age groups for the intrusions at around 118Ma and 85Ma, and a third group records Paleocene volcanic activity (63–58Ma) in the Nam Co area. The low-temperature thermochronometers indicate common age groups for the entire Nam Co area: zircon (U–Th)/He ages cluster around 75Ma, apatite fission track ages around 60Ma and apatite (U–Th)/He ages around 50Ma. Modelling of the thermochronological data indicates that exhumation of the basement blocks took place in latest Cretaceous to earliest Paleogene time. By Middle Eocene time the relief was already flat, documented by a thin alluvial sediment sequence covering a part of the planated area. The present-day horst and graben structure of the peneplains is a Late Cenozoic feature triggered by E–W extension of the Tibetan Plateau. The new thermochronological data precisely bracket the age of the planation to Early Eocene, i.e. between ca. 55 and 45Ma. The erosional base level can be deduced from the presence of Early Cretaceous zircon grains in Eocene strata of Bengal Basin. The sediment generated during exhumation of the Nam Co area was transported by an Early Cenozoic river system into the ocean, suggesting that planation occurred at low elevation.
People with dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM) often die from cancer, pulmonary, cardiac complications, or infections. In such cases, DM or PM might not be designated as the underlying cause ...of death (UCD) for mortality tabulation. In this study, we investigated DM/PM mortality trends in the USA from 1981 to 2020 with respect to UCD and multiple causes of death (MCD) data.
We used the MCD data to identify all deaths with DM or PM mentioned anywhere on the death certificate and as the UCD in the USA from 1981-1982 to 2019-2020. We calculated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and annual percentage changes (APCs) based on joinpoint regression analysis.
We identified 12,249 (3985 with DM and 7097 with PM) and 23,608 (8264 with DM and 15,344 with PM) people who died between 1981 and 2020 according to the UCD and MCD data, respectively. For DM, the APC was - 6.7% (from 1981-1982 to 1985-1986), - 0.1% (from 1985-1986 to 2003-2004), and - 1.9% (from 2003-2004 to 2019-2020) according UCD and was - 1.2% (from 1981-1982 to 2003-2004), - 2.5% (from 2003-2004 to 2015-2016), and 2.8% (from 2015-2016 to 2019-2020) according MCD. For PM, the APC was 1.9% (from 1981-1982 to 1989-1990), - 2.3% (from 1989-1990 to 2005-2006), and - 5.2% (from 2005-2006 to 2019-2020) according UCD and was 1.3% (from 1981-1982 to 1991-1992) and - 4.1% (from 1991-1992 to 2019-2020) according MCD.
We identified two times as many DM/PM deaths using the MCD as those identified using the UCD. Similar downward DM/PM mortality trends were noted according to UCD and MCD. However, the year of significant decline in PM mortality was about 10 years earlier according to MCD than those according to UCD.
With the continuous improvement of human technology, the medical field has gradually moved from molecular therapy to cellular therapy. As a safe and effective therapeutic tool, cell therapy has ...successfully created a research boom in the modern medical field. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are derived from early mesoderm and have high self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation ability, and have become one of the important cores of cell therapy research by virtue of their immunomodulatory and tissue repair capabilities. In recent years, the application of MSCs in various diseases has received widespread attention, but there are still various problems in the treatment of MSCs, among which the heterogeneity of MSCs may be one of the causes of the problem. In this paper, we review the correlation of MSCs heterogeneity to provide a basis for further reduction of MSCs heterogeneity and standardization of MSCs and hope to provide a reference for cell therapy.
Smoking is a risk factor for many human diseases. DNA methylation has been related to smoking, but genome-wide methylation data for smoking in Chinese populations is limited.
We aimed to investigate ...epigenome-wide methylation in relation to smoking in a Chinese population.
We measured the methylation levels at > 485,000 CpG sites (CpGs) in DNA from leukocytes using a methylation array and conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis of DNA methylation and smoking in a total of 596 Chinese participants. We further evaluated the associations of smoking-related CpGs with internal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) biomarkers and their correlations with the expression of corresponding genes.
We identified 318 CpGs whose methylation levels were associated with smoking at a genome-wide significance level (false discovery rate < 0.05), among which 161 CpGs annotated to 123 genes were not associated with smoking in recent studies of Europeans and African Americans. Of these smoking-related CpGs, methylation levels at 80 CpGs showed significant correlations with the expression of corresponding genes (including RUNX3, IL6R, PTAFR, ANKRD11, CEP135 and CDH23), and methylation at 15 CpGs was significantly associated with urinary 2-hydroxynaphthalene, the most representative internal monohydroxy-PAH biomarker for smoking.
We identified DNA methylation markers associated with smoking in a Chinese population, including some markers that were also correlated with gene expression. Exposure to naphthalene, a byproduct of tobacco smoke, may contribute to smoking-related methylation.
Zhu X, Li J, Deng S, Yu K, Liu X, Deng Q, Sun H, Zhang X, He M, Guo H, Chen W, Yuan J, Zhang B, Kuang D, He X, Bai Y, Han X, Liu B, Li X, Yang L, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Hu J, Cheng L, Luo X, Mei W, Zhou Z, Sun S, Zhang L, Liu C, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Hu FB, Liang L, Wu T. 2016. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and cigarette smoking in Chinese. Environ Health Perspect 124:966-973; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509834.
Background
Interleukin17 (IL17) is an important cytokine in host defense at mucosal surfaces and also mediates many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, many ...types of research relevant to the structure and function of IL17 have been identified. However, there is no bibliometric analysis in this research field. This study aims to explore the history, research hotspots, and emerging trends of IL17 from the perspective of the structure and function dynamics.
Methods
Articles relevant to IL17 in the last two decades were retrieved through the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The bibliometric analysis was performed by VOSview.
Results
A total of 882 papers in this research were analyzed from 65 countries, and the rate of published articles has increased from 2008 annually, with the USA, China, and Germany leading the research effort. Frontiers in Immunology has significantly impacted research in this field and the University of Pittsburgh was the leading institution. Gaffen, Sarah L. from the University of Pittsburgh was the most productive researcher in this field and Papp Ka from the Probity Medical Research Incorporate of Canada is the most co-cited author. The analysis of keywords showed that inflammation, expression, Th17 cells, and cytokines were the main hotspots and frontier directions of IL17. The trend of clinical application in the future is the development of new therapy drugs based on the structure of IL17 or IL17 signaling pathway molecular.
Conclusions
Our research summarized the developments and research trends of IL17 and would help researchers understand the research status of IL17 and provide a reference for future researchers as soon as possible.
Population-based studies on snow leopard (Panthera uncia) are of theoretical and practical significance for the conservation of alpine ecosystems, though geographic remoteness and isolation hinder ...surveys in many promising regions. The Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Tibetan Plateau is acknowledged as a main snow leopard habitat, but most of the region remains unexplored and unknown. We adopted a combined approach of route survey and camera trapping survey to explore the population density of snow leopard in the Yage Valley region of the Sanjiangyuan National Park. Results indicated that (1) large populations of blue sheep contributed to the major food supply for snow leopards, along with diverse prey species as dietary supplementations, and (2) a population density of four to six snow leopards per 100 km
2
on the north bank was estimated, and nine to fourteen individuals within the valley core areas were identified. We also argue that under the potential impacts of hydropower dams, this valley ecosystem should be symbolized as a conservation hotspot and therefore merits prioritized conservation. We recommend further surveys combined with novel methods/techniques and advocate a sustainable ecotourism model for the first V-shaped valley along the Yangtze mainstream.
The most prevalent and devastating form of organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is lupus nephritis (LN). LN is characterized by glomerular injury, inflammation, cell proliferation, and ...necrosis, leading to podocyte injury and tubular epithelial cell damage. Assays for urine biomarkers have demonstrated significant promise in the early detection of LN, evaluation of disease activity, and tracking of reaction to therapy. This is because they are non-invasive, allow for frequent monitoring and easy self-collection, transport and storage. Podocyte injury is believed to be a essential factor in LN. The extent and type of podocyte injury could be connected to the severity of proteinuria, making podocyte-derived cellular debris and injury-related urinary proteins potential markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of LN. This article focuses on studies examining urinary biomarkers associated with podocyte injury in LN, offering fresh perspectives on the application of biomarkers in the early detection and management of LN.
Osteoporosis (OP) is an important risk factor for rotator cuff tears (RCTs). However, the relationship and mechanism between rotator cuff injury and osteoporosis are unclear. Therefore, to ...investigate association between rotator cuff injury and osteoporosis, and find clinical characteristics, bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, and nutrient levels in rotator cuff injury patients with or without osteoporosis.
One hundred and four cases of patients (RCTs, n=32; RCTs-OP, n=72) who underwent rotator cuff injury and need arthroscopic rotator cuff repair between June 2021 and February 2022, along with the diagnosis of osteoporosis were identified from the dual-energy X-ray bone density screening(DXA). The outcome measure includes clinical characteristics, bone mineral density, bone metabolism markers, vitamins, and amino acids. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a predicting model incorporating the feature selected in the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the predicting model were assessed using the C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis. Internal validation was assessed using bootstrapping validation.
OP with RCTs has a lower level of in 25-vitD, osteocalcin (OCN), serum Ca2+, ornithine, diaminocaproic_acid but the high level of Vitamin_B12, PTH, Vitamin_D3,γ_aminobutyric_acid, Vitamin_C and Vitamin_E than RCTs patients without OP. Predictors contained in the prediction nomogram included lumber T score, femur T score, Niacin_B3, and vitamin D, reflecting the combined effect of vitamins on RCTs-related OP progression. The model has good discriminative ability with a C-index of 0.938(95% CI:-1.83-1.39) and good scaling ability. The high C-index value of 0.95 is still achievable with range validation. Analysis of decision curves showed that non-adherence is clinically useful when intervention decisions are at the 14% probability limit of non-adherence.
This study supports the hypothesis that lumber T score, femur T score, Niacin_B3, and Vitamin D are valuable prognostic biomarkers on RCTs related OP progression.
It is found that vitamin D are valuable prognostic biomarkers, reflecting the combined effect of vitamins on RCTs related OP progression.
These findings also highlight that nutrients condition such as vitamins and amino acids of patients provide a new understanding of the development of RCTs.
Climate change affects the productivity of agricultural ecosystems. Farmers cope with climate change based on their perceptions of changing climate patterns. Using a case study from the Middle ...Yarlung Zangbo River Valley, we present a new research framework that uses questionnaire and interview methods to compare local farmers’ perceptions of climate change with the adaptive farming strategies they adopt. Most farmers in the valley believed that temperatures had increased in the last 30 years but did not note any changes in precipitation. Most farmers also reported sowing and harvesting hulless barley 10–15 days earlier than they were 20 years ago. In addition, farmers observed that plants were flowering and river ice was melting earlier in the season, but they did not perceive changes in plant germination, herbaceous vegetation growth, or other spring seasonal events. Most farmers noticed an extended fall season signified by delays in the freezing of rivers and an extended growing season for grassland vegetation. The study results showed that agricultural practices in the study area are still traditional; that is, local farmers’ perceptions of climate change and their strategies to mitigate its impacts were based on indigenous knowledge and their own experiences. Adaptive strategies included adjusting planting and harvesting dates, changing crop species, and improving irrigation infrastructure. However, the farmers’ decisions could not be fully attributed to their concerns about climate change. Local farming systems exhibit high adaptability to climate variability. Additionally, off-farm income has reduced the dependence of the farmers on agriculture, and an agricultural subsidy from the Chinese Central Government has mitigated the farmers’ vulnerability. Nevertheless, it remains necessary for local farmers to build a system of adaptive climate change strategies that combines traditional experience and indigenous knowledge with scientific research and government polices as key factors.
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