Background Large area skin trauma has always been a great challenge for both patients and clinicians. Exosomes originating from human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) have been a novel ...promising cell-free treatment in cutaneous damage repair. Nevertheless, the low retention rate of exosomes post-transplantation in vivo remains a significant challenge in clinical applications. Herein, we purposed to explore the potential clinical application roles of hADSCs-Exos encapsulated in functional PF-127 hydrogel in wound healing. Methods hADSCs-Exos were isolated from human hADSCs by ultracentrifugation. An injectable, biocompatible, and thermo-sensitive hydrogel Pluronic F-127 hydrogel was employed to encapsulate allogeneic hADSCs-Exos, and this complex was topically applied to a full-thickness cutaneous wound in mice. On different days post-transplantation, the mice were sacrificed, and the skin tissue was excised for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results Compared with hADSCs-Exos or PF-127 only, PF-127/hADSCs-Exos complexes enhanced skin wound healing, promoted re-epithelialization, increased expression of Ki67, alpha-SMA, and CD31, facilitated collagen synthesis (Collagen I, Collagen III), up-regulated expression of skin barrier proteins (KRT1, AQP3), and reduced inflammation (IL-6, TNF-alpha, CD68, CD206). By using PF-127/hADSCs-Exos complexes, hADSCs-Exos can be administrated at lower doses frequency while maintaining the same therapeutic effects. Conclusion Administration of hADSCs-Exos in PF-127 improves the efficiency of exosome delivery, maintains the bioactivity of hADSCs-Exos, and optimizes the performance of hADSCs-Exos. Thus, this biomaterial-based exosome will be a promising treatment approach for the cutaneous rejuvenation of skin wounds. Keywords: Wound healing, Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, Exosomes, PF-127 hydrogel
Logistics system is developing in the direction of intelligence. The realization of smart logistics is inseparable from the coordination of logistics operation systems and information systems. ...Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are a new intelligent complex system that integrates deep computing, control, and communication technologies, one of its main application areas is the logistics and transportation industry. Nowadays, logistics industry is developing rapidly. Based on the existing logistics system and combining the characteristics of CPS, this paper proposes a path decision method based on intelligent algorithm. Based on the CPS logistics path decision model, the Internet of Things technology and cloud platform data storage technology are introduced into the interconnection design and data processing of the equipment layer. The application effects of ant colony algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, and genetic algorithm in logistics path optimization are analyzed in detail. By comparing the shortest transport distance and convergence speed under the three algorithm decisions, it is concluded that the ant colony algorithm has the best path optimization effect in solving the logistics path decision.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), featured by flexible configuration, robust deployment, and line-of-sight links, has a great potential to provide ubiquitous wireless coverage and high-speed ...transmission. In this paper, we aim to analyze the coverage performance of UAV-assisted terrestrial cellular networks, where partially energy-harvesting-powered caching UAVs are randomly deployed in the 3-D space with a minimum and maximum altitude, i.e., <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_{l} </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_{h} </tex-math></inline-formula>. A novel cooperative UAV clustering scheme is proposed to offload ground mobile terminals (GMTs) from ground cellular base stations to cooperative UAV clusters. A cooperative UAV cluster is developed within a cylinder with projection centered on a GMT, based on their energy states, the cached contents, and the cell loads. With tractable Poisson point process and Gamma approximation, explicit expressions for the successful transmission probabilities are obtained. A theoretical analysis reveals that the cooperative probability of a UAV and the offloading probability of a GMT have bell-shaped relation with respect to the radius of the cylinder and the cache hit probability (the matching probability of a content request and content cache). Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the impacts of the system parameters on the cooperative UAV cluster. The results also give the optimal average altitude (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">{H_{l}+H_{h}}/{2} </tex-math></inline-formula>) and altitude difference (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">H_{h}-H_{l} </tex-math></inline-formula>) in maximizing the coverage performance with the proposed cooperative transmission scheme.
Fibronectin 1 (FN1) is involved in cell adhesion and migration processes including embryogenesis, wound healing, blood coagulation, host defense, metastasis, and implicated in various biochemical ...processes. However, its effects on the development and progression of human cancer, especially colorectal cancer (CRC), are unclear. To evaluate the relationship between the expression of FN1 and the histopathologic parameters of patients with CRC or the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colorectal cancer cell lines, we screened FN1 as a new candidate gene which promotes development of CRC, in an independent dataset (The Human Protein Atlas website). Here, we reported that FN1 was elevated in CRC tissues compared with normal colon tissues. Further, FN1 expression level was correlated with age, lymph vascular invasion, and survival rate. Knockdown of FN1 in two CRC cell lines, LOVO, and SW1116, significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that down‐regulation of FN1 significantly decreased the expression of Bcl‐2, MMP‐9, Twist, and increased the expression of Bax, Caspase‐3, and E‐cadherin in LOVO and SW1116 cells. Then, we found that the protein ITGA5 was identified as a binding partner of FN1 and ITGA5 overexpression reversed FN1‐induced tumorigenesis of CRC in vitro. Taken together, FN1 suppressed apoptosis and promoted viability, invasion, and migration in CRC through interacting with ITGA5. FN1 may be a prognostic factor and potential target for CRC treatment.
FN1 may act as an oncogene in CRC via suppressing apoptosis and promoting invasion and migration in CRC carcinogenesis. FN1 may be a prognostic factor and potential target for CRC treatment.
Danshensu is a pure molecule derived from Danshen, which is the root of the herb Salvia miltiorrhiza. It has a clearly defined chemical structure and demonstrates therapeutic effects in ...cardiovascular diseases (e.g., myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, atherosclerosis, hypertension), cerebral lesions and disorders (e.g., ischemia, cognitive decline, and anxiety), and other health problems (e.g., thrombosis, tumorigenesis, pancreatitis). The mechanisms behind these effects include antioxidation, anti-apoptosis, vasodilation, inflammation regulation, lipidemia control, etc., through the PI3K/Akt-ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1, Bcl-2/Bax, eNOS and other molecular signaling pathways. Both Danshen and Danshensu might be more effective than classical cardiovascular drugs, and their combination yields improved therapeutic efficiency. Here, we provide an overview of these drugs for a better understanding of Danshensu as a promising Chinese traditional medicine.
Display omitted
•A focus on the recent developments of supramolecular catalysis based on HCCs.•Metalloligand and self-sorting approaches are commonly used to construct HCCs.•Instances of catalytic ...macrocyclic or cage-like HCCs are discussed in detail.
The rational design and facile construction of discrete heterometallic supramolecular catalysts have precipitated a surge of research interest in emulating sophisticated natural catalysts with well-defined cavities and inlaid active sites, allowing conversion of encapsulated substrates with high chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. This review briefly highlights such discrete, heterometallic, coordination-driven metallacycles and metallacages obtained by the strategic utilization of a range of predesigned building blocks in the supramolecular chemist’s toolkit. The two major synthetic strategies toward these metalla-architectures are presented, and special attention has been paid to discussing both the fascinating structures and the unique catalytic performance of various heterometallic macrocycles and cages.
Vehicular energy network (VEN), as an important part of the Internet of Things for the smart city, can facilitate the renewable energy (RE) transportation over a large geographical area by means of ...electric vehicles (EVs) through wireless power transfer technology. However, due to the potential security vulnerability in VEN, EV users can be attacked by external or internal adversaries. In addition, owing to the selfishness of EVs, it is a great challenge to optimally schedule the charging/discharging behaviors of EVs to realize regional energy balance in VEN. To tackle the above issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based secure incentive scheme for energy delivery in VEN. First, a novel permissioned energy blockchain system is introduced in VEN to implement secure energy delivery services for EVs and energy nodes through the use of distributed ledgers and cryptocurrency. Second, a proof of reputation consensus protocol is proposed to efficiently reach consensus in energy blockchain, where the reputation derivation is constructed based on the local trust computing and credibility computing. Third, motivated by the pricing mechanism, an incentive model is developed to stimulate EVs to cooperatively deliver RE to various areas with different electricity loads while maximizing EVs' utilities. Finally, extensive numerical results are provided, which demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme through the comparison with conventional schemes.
In disaster areas, a large amount of data (e.g., rescue commands, road damage, and rescue experience) should be delivered among ground rescuing vehicles for safe driving and efficient rescue. When ...communication infrastructures are destroyed by disasters, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be employed to perform immediate rescue missions in destroyed areas and assist data sharing for ground Internet of vehicles (IoV). However, in such UAV-assisted IoV under disaster situation, there exist potential security threats on data sharing among vehicles and UAVs because of the untrusted network environment, unreliable misbehavior tracing, and low-quality shared data. To address these issues, in this article, we develop a l ightweight v ehicular b lockchain-enabled s ecure (LVBS) data sharing framework in UAV-aided IoV for disaster rescue. First, we propose a novel UAV and blockchain-assisted collaborative aerial-ground network architecture in disaster areas. Second, we develop a credit-based consensus algorithm in the lightweight vehicular blockchain to securely and immutably trace misbehaviors and record data transactions for UAVs and vehicles with improved efficiency and security in reaching consensus. Third, since UAVs and vehicles have little explicit knowledge of the whole network, we develop reinforcement learning-based algorithms to optimally schedule the pricing and quality of data sharing strategies for both data contributor and data consumer via trial and error. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted, which demonstrate that LVBS can effectively improve the security of consensus phase and promote high-quality data sharing.
Linearized power flow models are of great interest in power system studies such as contingency analyses and reliability assessments, especially for large-scale systems. One of the most popular ...models-the classical DC power flow model-is widely used and praised for its state independence, robustness, and computational efficiency. Despite its advantages, however, the DC power flow model fails to consider reactive power or bus voltage magnitude. This paper closes this gap by proposing a decoupled linearized power flow (DLPF) model with respect to voltage magnitude and phase angle. The model is state independent but is distinguished by its high accuracy in voltage magnitude. Moreover, this paper presents an in-depth analysis of the DLPF model with the purpose of accelerating its computation speed, leading to the fast DLPF (FDLPF) model. The approximation that is applied to obtain the FDLPF model from the DLPF model is justified by a theoretical derivation and numerical tests. The proposed methods are provably accurate and robust for several cases, including radial distribution systems, meshed large-scale transmission systems and ill-conditioned systems. Finally, expressions for sensitivity with regard to MW flow and bus voltage are provided as a potential application.
A long-time quantum memory capable of storing and measuring quantum information at the single-qubit level is an essential ingredient for practical quantum computation and communication1,2. Currently, ...the coherence time of a single qubit is limited to less than 1 min, as demonstrated in trapped ion systems3–5, although much longer coherence times have been reported in ensembles of trapped ions6,7 and nuclear spins of ionized donors8,9. Here, we report the observation of a coherence time of over 10 min for a single qubit in a 171Yb+ ion sympathetically cooled by a 138Ba+ ion in the same Paul trap, which eliminates the problem of qubit-detection inefficiency from heating of the qubit ion10,11. We also apply a few thousand dynamical decoupling pulses to suppress ambient noise from magnetic-field fluctuations and phase noise from the local oscillator8,9,12–16. The long-time quantum memory of the single trapped ion qubit would be the essential component of scalable quantum computers1,17,18, quantum networks2,19,20 and quantum money21,22.
PDF
