Sugarcane is an important raw material for sugar and chemical production. However, in recent years, various sugarcane diseases have emerged, severely impacting the national economy. To address the ...issue of identifying diseases in sugarcane leaf sections, this paper proposes the SE-VIT hybrid network. Unlike traditional methods that directly use models for classification, this paper compares threshold, K-means, and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms for extracting leaf lesions from images. Due to SVM’s ability to accurately segment these lesions, it is ultimately selected for the task. The paper introduces the SE attention module into ResNet-18 (CNN), enhancing the learning of inter-channel weights. After the pooling layer, multi-head self-attention (MHSA) is incorporated. Finally, with the inclusion of 2D relative positional encoding, the accuracy is improved by 5.1%, precision by 3.23%, and recall by 5.17%. The SE-VIT hybrid network model achieves an accuracy of 97.26% on the PlantVillage dataset. Additionally, when compared to four existing classical neural network models, SE-VIT demonstrates significantly higher accuracy and precision, reaching 89.57% accuracy. Therefore, the method proposed in this paper can provide technical support for intelligent management of sugarcane plantations and offer insights for addressing plant diseases with limited datasets.
During the progression of osteoarthritis, dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) anabolism, abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species, and proteolytic enzymes have been shown to accelerate ...the degradation process of cartilage. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the functional role of bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)–stimulated chondrocyte injury and delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms. We observed that the expression BRD4 was markedly elevated in rat chondrocytes after H2O2 stimulation. Additionally, inhibition of BRD4 using small interfering RNA or JQ1 (a selective potent chemical inhibitor) led to repression of H2O2‐induced oxidative stress, as revealed by a decrease in the reactive oxygen species production accompanied by a decreased malondialdehyde content, along with increased activities of antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase on exposure of chondrocytes to H2O2. Meanwhile, depletion of BRD4 led to repress the oxidative stress–induced apoptosis of chondrocytes triggered by H2O2 accompanied by an increase in the expression of anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 and a decrease in the expression of pro‐apoptotic Bax and caspase 3 as well as attenuated caspase 3 activity. Moreover, knockdown of BRD4 or treatment with JQ1 markedly attenuated ECM deposition, reflected in a marked upregulation of proteoglycans collagen type II and aggrecan as well as downregulation of ECM–degrading enzymes matrix metalloproteinase 13 and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS‐5). More importantly, inhibition of BRD4‐activated NF‐E2–related factor 2 (Nrf2)–heme oxygenase‐1 signaling. Mechanistically, the protective effect of BRD4 inhibition on H2O2‐stimulated apoptosis and cartilage matrix degeneration was markedly abrogated by Nrf2 depletion. Altogether, we concluded that the protective effect of BRD4 inhibition against oxidative stress–mediated apoptosis and cartilage matrix degeneration occurred through Nrf2–heme oxygenase‐1 signaling, implying that BRD4 inhibition may be a more effective therapeutic strategy against osteoarthritis.
The protective effect of bromodomain‐containing protein 4 inhibition against oxidative stress–mediated apoptosis and cartilage degeneration occurred through NF‐E2–related factor 2‐heme oxygenase‐1 signaling, implying that bromodomain‐containing protein 4 inhibition may be a more effective therapeutic strategy against osteoarthritis.
As the major component of cell membranes, phosphatidylcholine (PC) is synthesized de novo in the Kennedy pathway and then undergoes extensive deacylation-reacylation remodeling via Lands' cycle. The ...re-acylation is catalyzed by lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) and among the four LPCAT members in human, the LPCAT3 preferentially introduces polyunsaturated acyl onto the sn-2 position of lysophosphatidylcholine, thereby modulating the membrane fluidity and membrane protein functions therein. Combining the x-ray crystallography and the cryo-electron microscopy, we determined the structures of LPCAT3 in apo-, acyl donor-bound, and acyl receptor-bound states. A reaction chamber was revealed in the LPCAT3 structure where the lysophosphatidylcholine and arachidonoyl-CoA were positioned in two tunnels connected near to the catalytic center. A side pocket was found expanding the tunnel for the arachidonoyl CoA and holding the main body of arachidonoyl. The structural and functional analysis provides the basis for the re-acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine and the substrate preference during the reactions.
Among all subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively high relapse rate and poor outcome after standard treatment. Effective strategies to reduce the risk of relapse and ...death are needed.
To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of low-dose capecitabine maintenance after standard adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer.
Randomized clinical trial conducted at 13 academic centers and clinical sites in China from April 2010 to December 2016 and final date of follow-up was April 30, 2020. Patients (n = 443) had early-stage triple-negative breast cancer and had completed standard adjuvant chemotherapy.
Eligible patients were randomized 1:1 to receive capecitabine (n = 222) at a dose of 650 mg/m2 twice a day by mouth for 1 year without interruption or to observation (n = 221) after completion of standard adjuvant chemotherapy.
The primary end point was disease-free survival. Secondary end points included distant disease-free survival, overall survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival, and adverse events.
Among 443 women who were randomized, 434 were included in the full analysis set (mean SD age, 46 9.9 years; T1/T2 stage, 93.1%; node-negative, 61.8%) (98.0% completed the trial). After a median follow-up of 61 months (interquartile range, 44-82), 94 events were observed, including 38 events (37 recurrences and 32 deaths) in the capecitabine group and 56 events (56 recurrences and 40 deaths) in the observation group. The estimated 5-year disease-free survival was 82.8% in the capecitabine group and 73.0% in the observation group (hazard ratio HR for risk of recurrence or death, 0.64 95% CI, 0.42-0.95; P = .03). In the capecitabine group vs the observation group, the estimated 5-year distant disease-free survival was 85.8% vs 75.8% (HR for risk of distant metastasis or death, 0.60 95% CI, 0.38-0.92; P = .02), the estimated 5-year overall survival was 85.5% vs 81.3% (HR for risk of death, 0.75 95% CI, 0.47-1.19; P = .22), and the estimated 5-year locoregional recurrence-free survival was 85.0% vs 80.8% (HR for risk of locoregional recurrence or death, 0.72 95% CI, 0.46-1.13; P = .15). The most common capecitabine-related adverse event was hand-foot syndrome (45.2%), with 7.7% of patients experiencing a grade 3 event.
Among women with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer who received standard adjuvant treatment, low-dose capecitabine maintenance therapy for 1 year, compared with observation, resulted in significantly improved 5-year disease-free survival.
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01112826.
Linn. and
Baroni. have been reported to improve body resistance. However, the underlying mechanism is not clear. In this study,
Linn. phenolic compounds (SAP) and
Baroni. phenolic compounds (HCP) ...were extracted and their protective effects in
evaluated. SAP and HCP showed considerably different phenolic compositions. In the normal
model, HCP exhibited better effects in promoting growth than SAP. In the sucrose-incubated
model, both SAP and HCP showed positive effects against the high-sucrose-induced damage. In the stearic acid-incubated
model, both SAP and HCP improved lifespan, reproductive ability and growth, while HCP had a more evident effect than SAP on reproductive ability. The TGF-β signaling pathway was confirmed to be involved in the protective effects of SAP and HCP. The antioxidant ability of SAP was also found to be related to
. Our study shows that both SAP and HCP have protective effects against high sucrose- or high stearic acid-induced damage.
Multipotent trophoblasts undergo dynamic morphological movement and cellular differentiation after conceptus implantation to generate placenta. However, the mechanism controlling trophoblast ...development and differentiation during peri-implantation development in human remains elusive. In this study, we modeled human conceptus peri-implantation development from blastocyst to early postimplantation stages by using an in vitro coculture system and profiled the transcriptome of 476 individual trophoblast cells from these conceptuses. We revealed the genetic networks regulating peri-implantation trophoblast development. While determining when trophoblast differentiation happens, our bioinformatic analysis identified T-box transcription factor 3 (TBX3) as a key regulator for the differentiation of cytotrophoblast (CT) into syncytiotrophoblast (ST). The function of TBX3 in trophoblast differentiation is then validated by a loss-of-function experiment. In conclusion, our results provided a valuable resource to study the regulation of trophoblasts development and differentiation during human peri-implantation development.
We produced a prometryn-specific monoclonal antibody and propose a strategy for convenient on-site detection of prometryn residues in herbs for the first time. This strategy has perfect applicability ...in a complex herbal medicine matrix. The strategy combines a semiquantitative immunochromatographic strip assay with a heterologous indirect competitive ELISA. When there was no matrix interference, the ELISA had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.6 ng·mL
-1
and a limit of detection of 0.2 ng·mL
-1
. The immunochromatographic strip assay can be completed within 5 min with a visual limit of detection of 1 ng·mL
-1
. Although the sample matrix had different effects on the sensitivity of the antibody, excellent repeatability and accuracy were achieved. The method was successfully applied for the screening and determination of prometryn residue in multiple complex herb samples for the first time, and the results were in good agreement with those obtained by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The proposed strategy is rapid, of high-throughput, and of low cost, and may be a promising choice for on-site detection of prometryn in different kinds of herbs.
Graphical abstract
A series of osteolytic bone diseases are usually related to excessive bone resorption and osteoclast formation. Thus, agents or drugs which can target osteoclast development and attenuate bone loss ...are potentially considerable in preventing and treating of bone lytic diseases. In recent years, many studies have reported that Notch signaling has substantial impacts on the process of osteoclast differentiation, maturation, and bone destruction. In the present study, we showed that LY411575, a γ‐secretase inhibitor, could potently suppress osteoclast differentiation, osteoclast‐specific gene expression, and bone resorption via suppressing Notch/HES1/MAPK (ERK and p38)/Akt‐mediated NFATc1 induction in vitro. Consistent with in vitro results, LY411575 exhibited protective effects in lipopolysaccharides‐induced calvarial bone destruction in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate that LY411575 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteoclast‐mediated osteolytic bone diseases.
In the present study, we showed that LY411575, a γ‐secretase inhibitor, could potently suppress osteoclast differentiation, osteoclast‐specific gene expression, and bone resorption via suppressing Notch/HES1/MAPK (ERK and p38)/Akt‐mediated NFATc1 induction in vitro. Consistent with in vitro results, LY411575 exhibited protective effects in lipopolysaccharides‐induced calvarial bone destruction in vivo. Collectively, these results indicate that LY411575 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of osteoclast‐mediated osteolytic bone diseases.
Kaempferide (KF) is an O-methylated flavonol, a natural plant extract, which is often found in Kaempferia galanga. It has a variety of effects including anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, ...anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether KF effectively inhibits titanium particle induced calvarial bone loss via down regulation of the JNK signaling pathway. In the mice with titanium particle induced calvarial osteolysis, the Low dose of KF mildly reduced the resorption pits while in the high dose group, fewer scattered pits were observed on the surface of calvarium. Histological examination showed fewer osteoclasts formation in the KF group. In mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and RAW264.7 cells, KF significantly inhibited the osteoclast formation and bone resorption at 12.5 μM. However, KF does not affect the mature osteoclast F-actin ring formation. But when being co-treated with KF and anisomycin, BMMs differentiated into mature osteoclasts. At the molecular levels, the JNK phosphorylation was inhibited and the osteoclastogenesis-related specific gene expression including V-ATPase d2, TRAP, calcitonin receptor (CTR), c-Fos and NFATc1 was markedly suppressed. In conclusion, these results indicated that KF is a promising agent in the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases.
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