is a tapeworm causing economic losses in the rabbit breeding industry worldwide. Due to the absence of genomic data, our knowledge on the developmental process of
is still inadequate. In this study, ...to better characterize differential and specific genes and pathways associated with the parasite developments, a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the larval stage (TpM) and the adult stage (TpA) of
was performed by Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and de novo analysis. In total, 68,588 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 789 nucleotides (nt) and N50 of 1485 nt. Further, we identified 4093 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TpA versus TpM, of which 3186 DEGs were upregulated and 907 were downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analyses revealed that most DEGs involved in metabolic processes and Wnt signaling pathway were much more active in the TpA stage. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) validated that the expression levels of the selected 10 DEGs were consistent with those in RNA-seq, indicating that the transcriptomic data are reliable. The present study provides comparative transcriptomic data concerning two developmental stages of
, which will be of great value for future functional studies on the regulatory mechanisms behind adult worm pathogenesis and for developing drugs and vaccines against this important parasite.
•The impacts of the expansion and spatial patterns of ISA on LST were investigated.•The mean LST and the density of the ISA are the highest in the center of the GBA.•The mean LST in the high density ...area is about 2.85 °C higher than low density area.•The correlation between nighttime LST and landscape metrics is weaker than daytime.
The rapid development of urban megaregions has changed the regional thermal environment by raising the land surface temperature (LST) in a continuous area. The thermal environment problem in urban megaregions has become a research focus. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the LST and the external expansion and internal spatial patterns of impervious surfaces area (ISA) in Guangdong – Hong Kong – Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). The Landsat and MODIS data, as well as various geospatial approaches, including buffer-based zoning, impervious surface density gradients and landscape-based metrics statistics, were used to facilitate the analysis. We found that the areas of ISA increased from 1697.293 km2 in 2000 to 9754.936 km2 in 2015 in the GBA, expanding to the east, southeast and south. The mean LST increased by 7.41 °C and 10.23 °C in the daytime and nighttime, respectively. The internal density of ISA had increased significantly in the past 15 years. The highest ISA density and the highest LST appeared in the 15 km buffer zone closest to study area's center. And the LST was decreased by 0.15 °C for each 15 km increased in the distance to the study area's center. There was a significant strong positively correlation between the LST and the density of the ISA. The LST of the very-high-density area of the ISA was about 2.85 °C higher than that of the very-low-density area. The internal landscape pattern of ISA was strongly correlated with the LST. The study highlight that the center of urban megaregion had the larger ISA patches, which were simpler in shape, more aggregated and connected, and less fragmented seemed to exacerbate elevate in the LST in successive regions. In particular, the study found that the nighttime LST were affected by the environmental characteristics of urban megaregion. The correlation between the LST and the ISA was higher at daytime than at nighttime.
Molecular profiling of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) holds great promise for non-invasive cancer diagnosis. However, sensitive and accurate identification of tEVs is challenged by the ...heterogeneity of EV phenotypes which reflect different cell origins. Here we present a DNA computation device mediated by thermophoresis for detection of tEVs. The strategy leverages the aptamer-based logic gate using multiple protein biomarkers on single EVs as the input and thermophoretic accumulation to amplify the output signals for highly sensitive and specific profiling of tEVs. Employing this platform, we demonstrate a high accuracy of 97% for discrimination of breast cancer (BC) patients and healthy donors in a clinical cohort (n = 30). Furthermore, molecular phenotyping assessed by tEVs is in concordance with the results from tissue biopsy in BC patients. The thermophoresis-mediated molecular computation on EVs thus provides new opportunities for accurate detection and classification of cancers.
In the risk-based security assessment, probability and severity of events are the two main factors for measuring the security level of power systems. This paper presents a method for assessing line ...overload risk of wind-integrated power systems with the consideration of wind and load-power generation correlation. The established risk assessment model fully considers the probability and the consequence of wind uncertainties and line flow fluctuations. The point estimate method is employed to deal with the probability of line overload and the severity function is applied to quantify line flow fluctuations. Moreover, with the Cholesky decomposition, the correlation between loads and power generations are simulated by the spatial transformation of probability distributions of random variables. In addition, Nataf transformation is used to address wind resource correlation. Finally, the line overload risk index is obtained, which can be used as an indicator for quantifying power system security. Numerical results on the modified IEEE 30-bus system and the modified IEEE 118-bus system show that the types and the parameters of the wind speed distribution would affect the risk indices of line overload, and the risk indices obtained with the consideration of wind resource correlation and load correlation would reflect the system security more accurately.
Ultrasmall PEGylated Cu2–xSe nanoparticles with strong near‐infrared absorption have been prepared by an ambient aqueous method. The resultant water‐soluble and biocompatible nanoparticles are ...demonstrated to be a novel nanotheranostic agent for effective deep‐tissue photoacoustic imaging, computed tomography imaging, single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging, and photothermal therapy of cancer.
•An interaction mechanism between of Cl− and CO2 on the carbon steel corrosion exists.•The relaxation process of water-iron species appears for the CO2 saturated solutions.•Cl− contributes to the ...decrease of surface coverage of corrosion products and film breakdown.
This article addresses the knowledge gap in the area of the interaction between Cl− and CO2 on carbon steel pipelines by comprehensively evaluating the corrosion behaviour of AISI 1020 carbon steel exposed to solutions containing Cl− and/or CO2 over time periods between 0.5 and 72 h at 60 °C. The results show Cl− can reduce the surface coverage percentage of corrosion products and contributes greatly to film breakdown. The carbon steel is thus exposed to the corrosive solution containing CO2 species, accelerating the further propagation of corrosion pits.
Enzymatic conversion of carbon dioxide Shi, Jiafu; Jiang, Yanjun; Jiang, Zhongyi ...
Chemical Society reviews,
01/2015, Letnik:
44, Številka:
17
Journal Article
Recenzirano
With the continuous increase in fossil fuels consumption and the rapid growth of atmospheric CO2 concentration, the harmonious state between human and nature faces severe challenges. Exploring green ...and sustainable energy resources and devising efficient methods for CO2 capture, sequestration and utilization are urgently required. Converting CO2 into fuels/chemicals/materials as an indispensable element for CO2 capture, sequestration and utilization may offer a win-win strategy to both decrease the CO2 concentration and achieve the efficient exploitation of carbon resources. Among the current major methods (including chemical, photochemical, electrochemical and enzymatic methods), the enzymatic method, which is inspired by the CO2 metabolic process in cells, offers a green and potent alternative for efficient CO2 conversion due to its superior stereo-specificity and region/chemo-selectivity. Thus, in this tutorial review, we firstly provide a brief background about enzymatic conversion for CO2 capture, sequestration and utilization. Next, we depict six major routes of the CO2 metabolic process in cells, which are taken as the inspiration source for the construction of enzymatic systems in vitro. Next, we focus on the state-of-the-art routes for the catalytic conversion of CO2 by a single enzyme system and by a multienzyme system. Some emerging approaches and materials utilized for constructing single-enzyme/multienzyme systems to enhance the catalytic activity/stability will be highlighted. Finally, a summary about the current advances and the future perspectives of the enzymatic conversion of CO2 will be presented.
This paper presents a probabilistic optimal power flow (POPF) algorithm taking account of the variation of load power. In the algorithm, system load is taken as a random vector, which allows us to ...consider the uncertainties and correlations of load. By introducing the nonlinear complementarity problem (NCP) function, the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions of POPF system are transformed equivalently into a set of nonsmooth nonlinear algebraic equations. Based on a first-order second-moment method (FOSMM), the POPF model which represents the probabilistic distributions of solution is determined. Using the subdifferential, the model which includes nonsmooth functions can be solved by an inexact Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The proposed algorithm is verified by three test systems. Results are compared with the two-point estimate method (2PEM) and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). The proposed method requires less computational burden and shows good performance when no line current is at its limit.
The consumption of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean domain triggered substantial resources and environmental effects, but the final suture timing remains debated. This study presents the zircon U-Pb age and ...Hf-O isotope, whole–rock element and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data from the Elitu Formation trachyandesite and rhyolitic tuff in the Bainaimiao arc belt. The zircon U-Pb ages (260–280 Ma) indicate that the Elitu Formation volcanism erupted at the Kungurian to Capitanian. Trachyandesites exhibit an arc-like whole–rock trace element composition and have enriched Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic composition (ISr(t) = 0.7062–0.7065; εNd(t) = −8.8 to −9.4; (206Pb/204Pb)t = 17.14–17.31) and high zircon δ18O (6.08‰–7.59‰) values, which are derived from the partial melting of the lithosphere mantle metasomatised by ancient sediment-derived melts. Rhyolitic tuffs have variable εHf(t) (−7.15 to +10.47) and low δ18O (4.99‰–6.21‰) values and exhibit affinities with I-type felsic rocks. They mainly originate from the partial melting of the basement of the Bainaimiao arc belt. Our compiled geochemical and geochronological data indicate that there were significant differences between the Early to Middle Permian Elitu Formation volcanic rocks and intrusive counterparts and the Early to Middle Triassic magmatic rocks from the Bainaimiao arc belt, and the Late Permian was the key tectonic transition period. The Late Permian transition was compatible with the regional crustal-shortening deformation, greenschist facies metamorphism and shift of deposition environment. This study argues that the Elitu Formation volcanism should be subduction-related and predate the final suture of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean domain at the Changhsingian. The suture of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean domain was not the original trigger of the Kungurian climate change in the North China Craton.
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•The Elitu Formation volcanism erupted at the Early to Middle Permian.•The Early to Middle Permian volcanism is subduction-related.•The suture of the Palaeo-Asian Ocean domain was in the Late Permian.
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