In order to gradually reduce automobile exhaust pollution and improve fuel quality, the NOx sensor, which can be monitored in real time in an automobile engine’s electronic control system, has become ...an indispensable part of the automobile lean burn system. In these types of NOx sensors, Au-doped platinum electrodes have received great attention due to their selectivity towards NO. However, the reaction process of NO gas on the Au-doped platinum electrode in the sensor and the possible regulation mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, the density functional theory (DFT) was used to analyze the effect of Au-doped Pt electrodes on the performance of nitrogen oxide sensors in automobiles. Firstly, the adsorption energies of NO molecules on pure Pt and Au/Pt surfaces were compared. The adsorption and dissociation of NO on Pt substrates doped with Au monomers, dimers, and trimers were investigated. These results showed that Au can effectively weaken the adsorption energy of NO molecules on a Pt surface. It was noted that with the increase in the number of Au atoms on the surface of Pt(111), the adsorption capacity of NO molecules on the alloy surface becomes weaker. When observing the transition state of NO decomposition on three different alloy surfaces, the study showed that the activation energy and reaction heat of NO dissociation increased. It further showed that doping with Au increased the activation energy of NO decomposition, thereby effectively inhibiting the decomposition of NO.
In the field of 3D face alignment, most researchers have focused on improving the prediction accuracy of algorithms and ignored the portability for practical applications. To this end, this study ...presents a real-time 3D face-alignment method that uses an encoder-decoder network with an efficient deconvolution layer. The fusion of the encoding and decoding feature adds more abundant features to this network. An efficient deconvolution layer at the decoding stage applies the L1 norm to select useful features and generate abundant ones through linear operations. Experimental results using the standard AFLW2000-3D and AFLW-LFPA datasets show that our algorithm has low prediction errors with real-time applicability.
Ambient particulate matter (PM) has been identified as the fourth‐ranking risk factor for mortality globally, and efficient ventilation filtration technologies are urgently needed. In most previous ...trials, however, high filtration efficiency was achieved either at a low face air velocity or at a large pressure drop cost. Here, nine coarse filters with in situ polydopamine (PDA) coatings were reported, which significantly improved the efficiency‐pressure drop‐energy consumption performance. By optimizing the filter substrate and synergistically modulating the electric fields, the artificial PDA coarse filter showed a high filtration efficiency of 96.9% for 0.3–0.5 μm particles, and a low pressure drop of 9.2 Pa at 1 m/s air velocity. At an extremely large air velocity of 4 m/s, the filtration efficiency remained as high as 94.3% for 1–3 μm particles. This work offers the engineering application opportunity for high‐air‐velocity filtration, paving the way to a safe, healthy, and energy‐saving environment.
Self‐assembled PDA increased the filtration efficiency and reduce the pressure drop (up to 54%) of the coarse substrate filters.
Perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) have emerged as a promising class of luminescent materials offering size and composition-tunable luminescence with high efficiency and color purity in the visible ...range. PeNCs doped with Yb3+ ions, known for their near-infrared (NIR) emission properties, have gained significant attention due to their potential applications. However, these materials still face challenges with weak NIR electroluminescence (EL) emission and low external quantum efficiency (EQE), primarily due to undesired resonance energy transfer (RET) occurring between the host and Yb3+ ions, which adversely affects their emission efficiency and device performance. Herein, we report the synergistic enhancement of NIR emission in a CsPbCl3 host through co-doping with Yb3+/Nd3+ ions for perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs). The co-doping of Yb3+/Nd3+ ions in a CsPbCl3 host resulted in enhanced NIR emission above 1000 nm, which is highly desirable for NIR optoelectronic applications. This cooperative energy transfer between Yb3+ and Nd3+ can enhance the overall efficiency of energy conversion. Furthermore, the PeLEDs incorporating the co-doped CsPbCl3/Yb3+/Nd3+ PeNCs as an emitting layer exhibited significantly enhanced NIR EL compared to the single doped PeLEDs. The optimized co-doped PeLEDs showed improved device performance, including increased EQE of 6.2% at 1035 nm wavelength and low turn-on voltage. Our findings highlight the potential of co-doping with Yb3+ and Nd3+ ions as a strategy for achieving synergistic enhancement of NIR emission in CsPbCl3 perovskite materials, which could pave the way for the development of highly efficient perovskite LEDs for NIR optoelectronic applications.
Capacitive displacement transducers (CDTs) have been widely used in many physical sensors, attributing to high-resolution, simple electricity and easy manufacturing process. Gap-variation CDTs ...generally have higher displacement resolution due to small electrode gaps but suffer from the pull-in effect, the nonlinear effect and squeeze-film damping; whereas area-variation CDTs have intrinsically good linearity and much smaller slide-film damping. However, the parallel-plate-based area-variation CDTs have the electrode width much larger than the electrode gap with negligible fringe effect; therefore, the sensitivity is limited by periodic electrode numbers. In this paper, we introduce a novel fringe-effect dominated area-variation CDT with a much higher sensitivity within a certain electrode-deployable area. Both theoretical and numerical analysis are applied to investigate the working principle of the CDT design. The proposed fringe-effect-based CDT benefits from a much larger capacitance-to-displacement sensitivity than the traditional periodic array parallel-plate-based CDT, due to the more displacement-sensitive fringe field and more deployable electrode periods. A set of experiments are designed, and the proposed area-variation CDTs are evaluated. Experimental results suggested that the proposed CDT design, which had equal electrode width, separation and gap, could universally be applied to sensors with different featured dimensions either in macroscale or microscale. Angular misalignments with both out-of-plane tilts and in-plane rotations, which affect the output offset and sensitivity, should be minimized or alleviated. The proposed fringe-effect-based CDT are successfully applied to a single-axis in-plane sensing micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer, showing a noise floor as low as 0.25 ng/Hz 1/2 @1 Hz. The corresponding displacement noise of the proposed CDT is 0.1 pm/Hz 1/2 .
Reactive gliosis had been implicated in injury and recovery patterns associated with hydrocephalus. Our aim is to determine the efficacy of minocycline, an antibiotic known for its anti-inflammatory ...properties, to reduce reactive gliosis and inhibit the development of hydrocephalus.
The ventricular dilatation were evaluated by MRI at 1-week post drugs treated, while GFAP and Iba-1were detected by RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The expression of GFAP and Iba-1 was significantly higher in hydrocephalic group compared with saline control group (p < 0.05). Minocycline treatment of hydrocephalic animals reduced the expression of GFAP and Iba-1 significantly (p < 0.05). Likewise, the severity of ventricular dilatation is lower in minocycline treated hydrocephalic animals compared with the no minocycline group (p < 0.05).
Minocycline treatment is effective in reducing the gliosis and delaying the development of hydrocephalus with prospective to be the auxiliary therapeutic method of hydrocephalus.
Novel side-heating gas sensor based on ZnO nanorod circular arrays was firstly fabricated by hydrothermal treatment assisted with a kind of simple dip-coating technique. The structure and ...morphologies of ZnO nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), respectively. XRD result indicates that the obtained ZnO nanorods have good crystalline with the hexagonal wurtzite structure. SEM result indicates that ZnO nanorod arrays are vertically growth on the surface of ceramic tube of side-heating sensor with controlled diameter and length, narrow size distribution and high orientation. The gas sensing properties of ZnO nanorod circular arrays are also evaluated. Comparative to the sensor based on scattered ZnO nanorods responding to 25 ppm H2, CO, C6H5CH3 and C2H5OH gas, respectively, the sensing values of high orientation gas sensor are generally increased by 5%. This novel sensor has good application promising for the fabrication of cost effective and high performance gas sensors.
Display omitted
•Ternary Bi-BiOI/graphene photocatalyst was synthesized by solvothermal method.•The composite photocatalyst can harness from visible to NIR spectrum.•Bi-BiOI/graphene shows efficient ...photocatalytic activity for NO oxidation removal.•O2– radical species play the most critical role in the photocatalytic process.
In order to further improve its photocatalytic activity, the BiOI microspheres were activated by a synchronous coupling of Bi metal and graphene under solvothermal conditions. The effects of the synthesis temperature (160–200 °C) on crystallinity, morphology, and photocatalytic activity were studied in particular. As expected, the ternary Bi-BiOI/graphene photocatalyst synthesized at 180 °C exhibited higher photocatalytic activity for NO oxidation removal under visible light irradiation than individual BiOI, and binary Bi-BiOI and BiOI/graphene composites. The photocatalytic efficiency for the NO removal of the ternary Bi-BiOI/graphene photocatalyst synthesized at 180 °C reached 51.8% within 30 min of visible light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the ternary Bi-BiOI/graphene photocatalyst is attributed to (I) the efficient transfer of photo-generated electrons from BiOI and Bi to graphene, leading to the effective separation of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs and (II) the surface plasmon resonance effect of Bi nanoparticles in the composite photocatalyst. Furthermore, the results of the scavenger experiments and DMPO-ESR spin-trapping measurements reveal that O2− radical species play the most critical role and holes serve as a secondary active species in the oxidative removal process of NO by 180BOI/GR composite under visible light irradiation.
Hydrocephalus is a common neurological disease in humans, but a uniform and particularly effective hydrocephalic animal model amenable to proper appraisal and deep study has not yet been established. ...In this study, we attempted to construct a high-efficiency model of hydrocephalus via intraventricular kaolin injection. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (n = 15) and the experimental group (n = 30). Kaolin was injected into the lateral ventricle of experimental animals. Control rats underwent the same procedure but received sterile saline injection instead of kaolin. All animals with kaolin injection into the lateral ventricle developed hydrocephalus according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results (success rate up to 100%). Also, the Morris water maze (MWM) test demonstrated disturbed spatial learning and memory. Furthermore, there were significant differences between groups with respect to the histological changes in the periventricular tissue. Our results indicate that experimental hydrocephalus induced by lateral ventricle injection of kaolin in adult rats is feasible and may be widely used.
To represent decision makers’ qualitative uncertainty and hesitation judgments, interval linguistic hesitant fuzzy variables (ILHFVs) are efficient tools, which can be regarded as an expansion of ...interval linguistic variables (ILVs). Taking the merits of ILHFVs and preference relations, this paper focuses on group decision making (GDM) with interval linguistic hesitant fuzzy preference relations (ILHFPRs). By considering the consistency of ILHFPRs, a new definition of acceptable consistency is presented. Using the acceptable consistency index, some models are built to measure whether a given ILHFPR is acceptable consistent. If the consistency is unacceptable, some models are constructed to derive acceptable consistent ILHFPRs by considering the total adjustment and the number of adjusting ILVs. In order to cope with incomplete ILHFPRs, some models for obtaining the values of unknown ILVs are proposed. For GDM with ILHFPRs, an index for measuring the consensus degree of ILHFPRs is proposed. When ILHFPRs do not meet the requirement of the consensus, some models for enhancing the consensus degree are proposed. According to the analysis of acceptable additive consistency and consensus of ILHFPRs, a new method for GDM with ILHFPRs is proposed. In order to show the merits of the proposed GDM method, an application example is used.
PDF
