Achieving no residual disease is essential for increasing overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in ovarian cancer patients. However, the survival benefit of achieving no residual ...disease during both intrathoracic and abdominopelvic cytoreductive surgery is still unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the survival benefit and safety of intrathoracic and abdominopelvic cytoreductive surgery in advanced ovarian cancer patients.
We systematically searched for studies in online databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. We used Q statistics and I-squared statistics to evaluate heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis to test the origin of heterogeneity, and Egger's and Begg's tests to evaluate publication bias.
We included 4 retrospective cohort studies, including 490 patients, for analysis; these studies were assessed as high-quality studies. The combined hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for OS was 1.92 (95% CI 1.38-2.68), while the combined HR for PFS was 1.91 (95% CI 1.47-2.49). Only 19 patients in the four studies reported major complications, and 4 of these complications were surgery related.
The maximal extent of cytoreduction in the intrathoracic and abdominopelvic tract improves survival outcomes, including OS and PFS, in advanced ovarian cancer patients with acceptable complications.
PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023468096.
Objective
This study assessed the real-world application, effectiveness, and safety of olaparib and niraparib as maintenance therapies in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer ...(PSROC) in China and investigated clinical factors associated with prolonged benefits of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors to help guide clinician treatment-decision making in daily practice.
Methods
This real-world single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute. Archival data of consecutive patients diagnosed with PSROC who achieved a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after the last platinum-based chemotherapy and treated with olaparib or niraparib as maintenance therapy from August 2018 to September 2021 were collected.
Results
Overall, 106 women were included in the cohort. Seventy-two (68%) patients were treated with olaparib, while 34 (32%) received niraparib; 99.1% of the patients were diagnosed with high-grade serous carcinoma, and 73.6% had FIGO stages III–IV. Approximately 71.7% of the patients had received PARP inhibitors after the second platinum-based line and 44.3% of the patients achieved a CR in their last platinum-based therapy. The median platinum-free interval (PFI) after the penultimate platinum-based therapy was 10 (95% CI: 10–13.6) months. The median PFS was 21 (95% CI: 13–24.5) months and the median CFI was 22 (95% CI: 16–26.5) months. Consistent with the univariate analysis, the multivariate analysis identified three independent factors associated with prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and chemotherapy-free interval (CFI): breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutant type (p = 0.005 and p = 0.003); PFI ≥12 months (p = 0.01 and p = 0.006); and CR to last platinum-based therapy (p = 0.016 and p = 0.019). It was found that there was no appreciable difference in any grade 3–4 hematological AE between patients who received olaparib and niraparib.
Conclusion
Maintenance treatment with olaparib and niraparib is effective and well tolerated for PSROC patients in real-world clinical practice. Three clinical factors were identified that predicted prolonged survival under maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors: BRCA mutant type, PFI ≥12 months, and CR to last platinum-based therapy. These findings should be further confirmed with an appropriately powered analysis in studies with larger sample sizes.
Purpose
Vulva paragangliomas are rare and usually misdiagnosed or missed, especially in juveniles. Our aim was to summarize the clinical characteristics and treatments of vulva paragangliomas.
...Methods and results
We present a case of a 17-year-old Chinese patient with functional paraganglioma from the vulva that was misdiagnosed as clear cell carcinoma. She had suffered from severe headaches, palpitations, sweating, pallor and hypertension. The vaginal wall was invaded by this mass. The tumour was surgically removed smoothly. However, the disease recurred 7 years after surgery, and the patient was treated again. Personalized genetic testing was performed while recovering, and the results suggested that the patient had a germline mutation in the Succinate Dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) gene. Now, the patient has been discharged successfully, her blood pressure has returned to normal and some of her clinical symptoms disappeared. A review of the literature concerning the topic is also presented, there have been only 2 cases of paraganglioma of the vulva and 11 cases of vaginal paraganglioma since 1955.
Conclusion
Our case describes a recurrent vulvovaginal paraganglioma with SDHB gene mutation and the largest tumor diameter to date. The diagnosis and treatment process of this case can provide reference for the management of other similar patients.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis by controlling target gene expression. With opposing roles as a tumor suppressor or oncogene, microRNA-320a (miR-320a) was found to ...participate in tumor genesis and progression and also identified as a potentially useful marker in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. To better understand the role of miR-320a in ovarian cancer, we investigated miR-320a expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) specimens as well as EOC cell lines and analyzed correlations between miR-320a expression and processes associated with EOC progression. The miR-320a level in EOC specimens was found to be associated with ovarian cancer progression and infiltration. Through
and
studies, we found that miR-320a significantly promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of EOC cells, and we identified RASSF8 as a target gene of miR-320a that was downregulated in EOC tissues and cell lines.
downregulation of RASSF8 promoted the growth, migration, and invasion of EOC cells. Together these findings indicate that RASSF8 is a direct target of miR-320a, through which miR-320a promotes the progression of EOC.
Acute ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation is the major external factor causing photodamage. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of
Lindl. polysaccharides (DNPs) on photodamage in HaCaT ...keratinocytes after UVB irradiation and the underlying mechanisms. We found that DNPs significantly attenuated the decline in the viability and proliferation of HaCaT cells after UVB irradiation. Moreover, DNPs scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS), improved the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde, while partially attenuating cell cycle arrest, suggesting their antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (
) pathway was found to be important for the attenuation of UVB-induced photodamage in the HaCaT cells. Furthermore, DNPs exerted cytoprotective effects by downregulating UVB-induced ROS-mediated phosphorylation of MAPKs, including p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and by inhibiting p53 expression as well as the apoptotic cascade response. Therefore, DNPs ameliorated UVB-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in HaCaT cells via the regulation of
. Our findings thus highlight the
Lindl polysaccharides as promising therapeutic candidates for UVB-induced photodamage.
To establish a prognostic risk profile for ovarian cancer (OC) patients based on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and gain a comprehensive understanding of their role in OC progression, ...prognosis, and therapeutic efficacy.
Data on OC single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and total RNA-seq were collected from the GEO and TCGA databases. Seurat R program was used to analyze scRNA-seq data and identify CAFs clusters corresponding to CAFs markers. Differential expression analysis was performed on the TCGA dataset to identify prognostic genes. A CAF-associated risk signature was designed using Lasso regression and combined with clinicopathological variables to develop a nomogram. Functional enrichment and the immune landscape were also analyzed.
Five CAFs clusters were identified in OC using scRNA-seq data, and 2 were significantly associated with OC prognosis. Seven genes were selected to develop a CAF-based risk signature, primarily associated with 28 pathways. The signature was a key independent predictor of OC prognosis and relevant in predicting the results of immunotherapy interventions. A novel nomogram combining CAF-based risk and disease stage was developed to predict OC prognosis.
The study highlights the importance of CAFs in OC progression and suggests potential for innovative treatment strategies. A CAF-based risk signature provides a highly accurate prediction of the prognosis of OC patients, and the developed nomogram shows promising results in predicting the OC prognosis.
Deregulated microRNAs and their roles in tumorigenesis have attracted much attention in recent years. Although miR-503 was shown to be important in tumorigenesis, its role in osteosarcoma remains ...unknown. In this study, we focused on the expression and mechanisms of miR-503 in osteosarcoma development. We found that miR-503 was down-regulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and primary tumor samples, and the restoration of miR-503 reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Low level of miR-503 in patients with osteosarcoma was associated with considerably shortened disease-free survival. Furthermore, bioinformatic prediction and experimental validation revealed that the anti-tumor effect of miR-503 was probably exerted through targeting and repressing of L1CAM expression. L1CAM was up-regulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and primary tumor samples and the expression level of L1CAM were negatively correlated with miR-503 levels in osteosarcoma tissues. Collectively, our data identify the important roles of miR-503 in osteosarcoma pathogenesis, indicating its potential application in cancer therapy.
Aberrant expression of microRNA-152 (miR-152) is frequently observed in human cancers including ovarian cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and gastric cancer. However, its expression and ...functional role in cervical cancer (CC) are poorly understood. Also, the association between
miR-152 and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) expression in CC remains unclear. In this study, analyzing the expression of miR-152 by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed it was sharply reduced in CC tissues and cell lines. In addition, the negative correlation of miR-152 expression
and KLF5 expression was observed. The dual-luciferase reporter assay validated that KLF5 was a target of miR-152. In vitro functional assays revealed that miR-152 could inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle progression through regulating the expression of KLF5. Taken together, our study
suggested that miR-152 functions as a tumor suppressor in CC, and the miR-152/KLF5 axis may provide novel therapeutic targets for CC treatment.
Three regioisomeric sulfur-bridged pyrene–thienoacenes (PTAs) have been synthesized. The crystal structures and optoelectronic properties of these ring-fused PTAs and their ring-opened precursors ...have been fully investigated. Among these isomers, the 3,4-extended compound (4-S-PTA) shows the most pronounced spectral red-shift and highest quantum yield as well as large transistor mobility.
Path following is a fundamental problem in skid-steered mobile robots (SSMR). In this study, a Lyapunov stable curved path following controller was designed to generate the steering control command ...for an SSMR. In contrast to the existing path following controller design methods, either the complete dynamic model of the robot is considered or not, the steering dynamic characteristics approximated by a first-order model are considered in this study. Together with the kinematic model, a steering control law for following a curved path was designed by using the backstepping technique and Lyapunov stability theory. The proposed method was verified on a real SSMR platform to realize following the straight-line, square, and circular paths. Compared with the steering control law without considering the steering dynamics, the proposed method can make the robot converge to the predefined path faster with a smaller error overshoot.
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