Regulated necrosis (necroptosis) and apoptosis are crucially involved in severe cardiac pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury and heart failure. ...Whereas apoptotic signaling is well defined, the mechanisms that underlie cardiomyocyte necroptosis remain elusive. Here we show that receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) triggers myocardial necroptosis, in addition to apoptosis and inflammation, through activation of Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) rather than through the well-established RIP3 partners RIP1 and MLKL. In mice, RIP3 deficiency or CaMKII inhibition ameliorates myocardial necroptosis and heart failure induced by ischemia-reperfusion or by doxorubicin treatment. RIP3-induced activation of CaMKII, via phosphorylation or oxidation or both, triggers opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and myocardial necroptosis. These findings identify CaMKII as a new RIP3 substrate and delineate a RIP3-CaMKII-mPTP myocardial necroptosis pathway, a promising target for the treatment of ischemia- and oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage and heart failure.
The classification of critical points of charged topological black holes (TBHs) in anti-de Sitter spacetime (AdS) under the Power Maxwell Invariant (PMI)-massive gravity is accomplished within the ...framework of black hole chemistry (BHC). Considering the grand canonical ensemble (GCE), we show that
d
=
4
black hole have only one topological class, whereas
d
≥
5
black holes belong to two different topology classes. Furthermore, the conventional critical point characterized by negative topological charge coincides with the maximum extreme point of temperature; and the novel critical point featuring opposite topological charge corresponds to the minimum extreme point of temperature. With increasing pressure, new phases emerge at the novel critical point while disappear from the conventional one. Moreover, a atypical van der Waals (vdW) behavior is found in
d
≥
6
dimensions, and the anomaly disappears at the traditional critical point. In the limit of nonlinearity parameter
s
→
1
, different topology classes are only obtained in the GCE and they may not exist within the canonical ensemble. With the absence of electric potential
Φ
, the neutral TBHs share the same topological classification results as the charged TBHs in the GCE of Maxwell-massive gravity.
Cardiovascular and metabolic disease (CMD) remains a main cause of premature death worldwide. Berberine (BBR), a lipid-lowering botanic compound with diversified potency against metabolic disorders, ...is a promising candidate for ameliorating CMD. The liver is the target of BBR so that liver-site accumulation could be important for fulfilling its therapeutic effect. In this study a rational designed micelle (CTA-Mic) consisting of α-tocopheryl hydrophobic core and on-site detachable polyethylene glycol-thiol shell is developed for effective liver deposition of BBR. The bio-distribution analysis proves that the accumulation of BBR in liver is increased by 248.8% assisted by micelles. Up-regulation of a range of energy-related genes is detectable in the HepG2 cells and in vivo. In the high fat diet-fed mice, BBR-CTA-Mic intervention remarkably improves metabolic profiles and reduces the formation of aortic arch plaque. Our results provide proof-of-concept for a liver-targeting strategy to ameliorate CMD using natural medicines facilitated by Nano-technology.
Chiral supramolecular assembly can provide a powerful strategy for developing circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)-active materials by forming helices or superhelices into single or multiple ...components. Herein, we chose three achiral liquid crystal polymers (LC-P1/P2/P3) and chiral binaphthyl-based inducers ( R/S -M) with anchored dihedral angles to construct chiral co-assemblies and explore the induced CPL behavior from pyrenyl (Py) emitters in achiral LC polymers through the regulation of helical nanofibers during the supramolecular co-assembly process. Most interestingly, chiral co-assembly ( R/S- M) 0.1 -(P3) 0.9 emitted an inverted blue-colored CPL signal during thermal annealing treatment at the glass transition temperature due to the flexible main chain of the LC polymer (LC-P3). The strongest blue-colored CPL emission for the ( R/S- M) 0.1 -(P3) 0.9 spin-coated film (λem = 455 nm, |g em| = 6.47 × 10–2, ΦF = 48.5%) could be detected by using thermal annealing treatment at 105 °C.
•A flexible manipulator setup is constructed, using an AC servo motor with planetary reducer.•A point laser and camera vibration measurement method is investigated.•PSO algorithm is adopted to obtain ...the optimal vibration suppression trajectory.•A DRNN control algorithm is designed to suppress vibration.•Experiments are conducted to verify the measurement and the designed controller.
A new vibration measurement method and active control algorithm for a flexible manipulator are investigated. A non-contact vibration measurement method based on structural light sensor is proposed. During and after the point-to-point motion, the locally controlled autoregressive moving average (CARMA) model of the flexible manipulator is determined through experiments. Based on the model, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted to obtain the optimal vibration suppression trajectory. Moreover, considering the time-varying and nonlinear characteristics of the flexible manipulator, a diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) control algorithm is designed to suppress residual vibration, which consists of an on-line identifier and a vibration control signal generator. The experiment setup is constructed. Compared with trapezoidal trajectory and classic smooth trajectories, planning an optimal trajectory can cause less vibration under the same motion requirements. Experimental results demonstrated that the DRNN controller is superior to the classical PD controller on vibration suppression, especially for the small amplitude residual vibration. Furthermore, the hybrid control strategy of optimal trajectory planning and DRNN control has the advantages of ensuring smoother motion and faster residual vibration suppression speed.
Understanding the failure mechanisms of the buckling process of glass fiber composites based on acoustic emission (AE) signals is a challenging task. In this work, a method combining AE with digital ...image correlation (DIC) was used to monitor compressive buckling behaviors of delamination composites. The analysis of AE signals is based on the k-means algorithm and principal component analysis (PCA). According to PCA, three characteristic parameters of AE signals like amplitude, peak frequency, and RA value (rise time divided by amplitude), are selected for cluster analysis by k-means algorithm. The results show that the AE signals of the compression process can be divided into three clusters. The three clusters correspond to three kinds of damage modes such as matrix cracking, fiber/matrix debonding, delamination and fiber breakage. The characteristic frequency of each mode is found by cluster analysis. Besides, the size and position of delamination defects result in the reduction of mechanical properties of the glass fiber composites. The complementary technology combining AE with DIC is effective for damage monitoring of the composites. Clear changes of the displacement fields can accurately detect the damage location and degree of the specimen.
Exploring non-noble metal and high-activity electrocatalysts through a simple and controllable protocol remains a great challenge for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and zinc–air batteries. Herein, ...we developed a melt polymerization strategy to synthesize iron-polyphthalocyanine (FePPc) metallic–organic frameworks (MOFs) over the carbon black matrix (FePPc@CB). Through non-covalent
π
–
π
interactions, FePPc molecules can anchor on carbon matrix, thus facilitating the electron transfer process and stabilizing the systems. Owing to abundant free electrons and atomically MN
4
catalytic sites in the macrocycle structure, FePPc@CB exhibits excellent oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic activity. The FePPc@CB also delivers excellent performances for liquid and flexible all-solid-state batteries compared to that of commercial Pt/C, making it a promising ORR/OER electrocatalyst.
Graphic abstract
Two-phase titanium-based alloys are widely used in aerospace and biomedical applications, and they are obtained through phase transformations between a low-temperature hexagonal closed-packed α-phase ...and a high-temperature body-centred cubic β-phase. Understanding how a new phase evolves from its parent phase is critical to controlling the transforming microstructures and thus material properties. Here, we report time-resolved experimental evidence, at sub-ångström resolution, of a non-classically nucleated metastable phase that bridges the α-phase and the β-phase, in a technologically important titanium-molybdenum alloy. We observed a nanosized and chemically ordered superstructure in the α-phase matrix; its composition, chemical order and crystal structure are all found to be different from both the parent and the product phases, but instigating a vanishingly low energy barrier for the transformation into the β-phase. This latter phase transition can proceed instantly via vibrational switching when the molybdenum concentration in the superstructure exceeds a critical value. We expect that such a non-classical phase evolution mechanism is much more common than previously believed for solid-state transformations.
Increasing availability of reactive nitrogen (N) threatens plant diversity in diverse ecosystems. While there is mounting evidence for the negative impacts of N deposition on one component of ...diversity, species richness, we know little about its effects on another one, species evenness. It is suspected that ecosystem management practice that removes nitrogen from the ecosystem, such as hay-harvesting by mowing in grasslands, would mitigate the negative impacts of N deposition on plant diversity. However, empirical evidence is scarce. Here, we reported the main and interactive effects of N deposition and mowing on plant diversity in a temperate meadow steppe with 4-year data from a field experiment within which multi-level N addition rates and multiple N compounds are considered. Across all the types of N compounds, species richness and evenness significantly decreased with the increases of N addition rate, which was mainly caused by the growth of a tall rhizomatous grass, Leymus chinensis. Such negative impacts of N addition were accumulating with time. Mowing significantly reduced the dominance of L. chinensis, and mitigated the negative impacts of N deposition on species evenness. We present robust evidence that N deposition threatened biodiversity by reducing both species richness and evenness, a process which could be alleviated by mowing. Our results highlight the changes of species evenness in driving the negative impacts of N deposition on plant diversity and the role of mowing in mediating such negative impacts of N deposition.
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