Developing low-cost, efficient, and bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an appealing yet challenging task. Herein, for ...the first time, a NiS microsphere film was grown in situ on Ni foam (NiS/Ni foam) via a sulfurization reaction as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting with superior activity and good durability. This NiS/Ni foam electrode delivers 20 mA cm(-2) at an overpotential of 158 mV for the HER and 50 mA cm(-2) at an overpotential of 335 mV for the OER in 1.0 M KOH. This bifunctional electrode also enables a high-efficiency alkaline water electrolyzer with 10 mA cm(-2) at a cell voltage of only 1.64 V, which could be promising in water splitting devices for large-scale hydrogen production.
Predicting urban traffic is of great importance to intelligent transportation systems and public safety, yet is very challenging in three aspects: 1) complex spatio-temporal correlations of urban ...traffic, including spatial correlations between locations along with temporal correlations among timestamps; 2) spatial diversity of such spatio-temporal correlations, which varies from location to location and depends on the surrounding geographical information, e.g., points of interests and road networks; and 3) temporal diversity of such spatio-temporal correlations, which is highly influenced by dynamic traffic states. To tackle these challenges, we proposed a deep meta learning based model, entitled ST-MetaNet<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^+</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pan-ieq1-2995855.gif"/> </inline-formula>, to collectively predict traffic in all locations at the same time. ST-MetaNet<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^+</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pan-ieq2-2995855.gif"/> </inline-formula> employs a sequence-to-sequence architecture, consisting of an encoder to learn historical information and a decoder to make predictions step by step. Specifically, the encoder and decoder have the same network structure, consisting of meta graph attention networks and meta recurrent neural networks, to capture diverse spatial and temporal correlations, respectively. Furthermore, the weights (parameters) of meta graph attention networks and meta recurrent neural networks are generated from the embeddings of geo-graph attributes and the traffic context learned from dynamic traffic states. Extensive experiments were conducted based on three real-world datasets to illustrate the effectiveness of ST-MetaNet<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^+</tex-math> <mml:math><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="pan-ieq3-2995855.gif"/> </inline-formula> beyond several state-of-the-art methods.
Local hypoxia in tumors results in undesirable impediments for the efficiencies of oxygen‐dependent chemical and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, a versatile oxygen‐generating and pH‐responsive ...nanoplatform is developed by loading MnO2 nanodots onto the nanosystem that encapsulates g‐C3N4 and doxorubicin hydrochloride to overcome the hypoxia‐caused resistance in cancer therapy. The loaded MnO2 nanodots can react with endogenous acidic H2O2 to elevate the dissolved oxygen concentration, leading to considerably enhanced cancer therapy efficacy. As such, the as‐prepared nanoplatform with excellent dispersibility and satisfactory biocompatibility can sustainably increase the oxygen concentration and rapidly release the encapsulated drugs in acid H2O2 environment. In vitro cytotoxicity experiments show a higher therapy effect by the designed nanoplatform, when compared to therapy without MnO2 nanodots under hypoxia condition, or chemical and photodynamic therapy alone with the presence of MnO2 nanodots. In vivo experiments also demonstrate that 4T1 tumors can be very efficiently eliminated by the designed nanoplatform under light irradiation. These results highlight that the MnO2 nanodots‐based nanoplatform is promising for elevating the oxygen level in tumor microenvironments to overcome hypoxia limitations for high‐performance cancer therapy.
A MnO2 nanodots loaded nanoplatform reacting with endogenous acidic H2O2 to increase the oxygen concentration is demonstrated, overcoming hypoxia in tumors and simultaneously enhancing the efficiency of chemical and photodynamic therapy. The produced biocompatible nanoplatform exhibits a highly effective therapeutic effect in vitro and can eliminate the tumor in vivo.
The worsening pollution due to mercury species makes it inevitable to explore prospective versatile materials, which not only can detect mercury ions (Hg2+) with high sensitivity but also possesses ...efficient capture and removal ability. In this study, a series of classic organic ligand-based luminescence MOFs materials with high oxidation state central metals (Al3+, Zr4+, Cr3+, Fe3+, and Ti4+) were synthesized and were screened to achieve simultaneously Hg2+ detection and removal through the strong coordination of amino groups or nitrogen centers with Hg2+ and the intrinsic fluorescence intensity of MOFs regulated by the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) effect. Among these checked materials, NH2-MIL-53(Al) exhibited the excellent ability for Hg2+ detection with wide response interval (1–17.3 μM), low detection limit (0.15 μM), good selectivity, wide pH adaptation (4.0–10.0), and strong anti-interference ability. Meanwhile, the resultant NH2-MIL-53(Al) possessed an efficient removal capability toward Hg2+, accompanied by a fast uptake kinetics (within 60 min) and large loading capacity (153.85 mg g–1). Furthermore, NH2-MIL-53(Al) also displayed satisfactory stability before and after Hg2+ treatment because of the formation of strong coordination bonds between high oxidation state aluminum (Al3+) and organic carboxylate ligands. Notably, the prepared NH2-MIL-53(Al) had no significant loss of adsorption performance even after being reused four times. All of these superior properties render the smart NH2-MIL-53(Al) nanohexahedron a great potential for simultaneous Hg2+ detection and removal from water.
•The aroma-active compounds of ‘Keitt’ mango juice produced in China were identified.•The changes of 12 major aroma-active compounds during processing were characterized.•Quantitative descriptive ...analysis was applied to validate the sensory differences.•This work would help to understand aroma determinants during mango processing.
The commercial mango cultivar Keitt lacks a theoretical foundation for aroma control during processing. To discriminate the aroma-active compounds in fresh mango juice, odor activity value (OAV) and detection frequency analysis (DFA) were used collaboratively. A total of 12 components were identified as major aroma-active compounds, among which 2,4-dimethylstyrene was firstly confirmed as an aroma compound in mango. The changes of aromatic compounds during pasteurization and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) sterilization were further studied. Quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) was applied to validate the sensory differences. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on aroma compound variation coincided with the overall note. QDA demonstrated that fresh mango juice was the most accepted, followed by HHP and pasteurized juices. The finding might be well correlated with the differences in 6 odor notes. This work would help to better understand and control the critical aroma determinants for mango juice processing.
To reduce the incidence of osteomyelitis infection, local antibiotic impregnated delivery systems are commonly used as a promising and effective approach to deliver high antibiotic concentrations at ...the infection site.
The objective of this review was to provide a literature review regarding approach to osteomyelitis treatment with antibiotic loaded PMMA.
Literature study regarding osteomyelitis treatment with antibiotic loaded carriers using key terms Antibiotic, osteomyelitis, biodegradable PMMA through published articles. Hands searching of bibliographies of identified articles were also undertaken.
We concluded that Antibiotic-impregnated PMMA beads are useful options for the treatment of osteomyelitis for prolonged drug therapy.
•Antibiotic loaded biodegradable PMMA could be used for chronic osteomyelitis.•One stage surgery is beneficial after using synthetic polymers.•PMMA bone cements remain standard vehicle for antibiotics.•Early high elution rate of antibiotics are positive traits for chronic osteomyelitis.
Organic matter (OM) pores are recognized to be the most important pore type in gas shales in the Ordovician Wufeng-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin, China. However, the effects of the ...type and origin of organic matter on pore development in OM remain controversial. In this study, detailed scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of siliceous shales was conducted for core samples from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, taken from five shale gas wells in the Southeast Sichuan Basin. In addition to bitumen, several types of morphologically distinct organic macerals were identified. Due to the high maturity (vitrinite reflectance (Ro) > 2.2%) and compaction of the sample, confirming the origin of some OM types was difficult. However, each OM type is characterized by distinct pore features: (1) the pores in bitumen are normally well developed, with circular or irregular shapes; (2) spherical kerogen contains uneven pores, with irregular and angular pores at the periphery and few pores in the core; (3) algal fragments may have angular pores, the distribution and structure of which are influenced by the initial structure of the organic matter; (4) bacteria-like aggregates represent the accumulation of numerous microbial granules, and contain residual pores; (5) graptolites are relatively tight and usually have few or no pores. The findings indicate that bitumen and algal fragments are the most favourable hydrocarbon-generating organisms for OM pore development. Notably, organic matter originating from different biological sources can influence the extent, shape, and structure of the pores. Some organic pores are recognized as remained pores of sedimentary stage, which may be previously regarded as pores formed during the gas generation period.
•Detailed description of pore characteristics of bitumen and different macerals.•The initial structures of organic matter influence pore shapes, distribution and structure according to SEM analysis.•Some irregular angular pores are recognized to be residual pores formed at sedimentary stage.
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•Co2+-doped ZnO nanoarrays was first grown on substrate and used as photocatalyst.•Co2+ was doped to improve the photocatalytic activity under visible-light induction.•Co2+-doped ZnO ...efficiently remove organic pollutants for environmental protection.
In order to remove the organic pollution from water environment, Co2+-doped ZnO nanoarray photocatalyst was prepared through a hydrothermal process. The influences of Co2+ doping amount and hydrothermal temperature on the nanostructure and photocatalytic performance of Co2+-doped ZnO nanoarray were discussed in detail. The standard ZnO structure and nanoarray morphology of Co2+-doped ZnO samples were achieved and the absorption of visible light was also realized through Co2+ doping. The 2% Co2+-doped ZnO nanoarray prepared at 95 °C exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and could degrade 96% of methylene blue solution within 120 min under visible light. Furthermore, the as-prepared 2% Co2+-doped ZnO nanoarray still maintained 91% for removal rate after 3 cycles of photocatalytic degradation, showed good photocatalytic activity and recyclability. All results indicate that ZnO nanoarray with Co2+ doping has a potential application in visible light photocatalysis for environmental protection and pollution control.
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