A hybrid solid/liquid electrolyte with superior security facilitates the implementation of high‐energy‐density storage devices, but it suffers from inferior chemical compatibility with cathodes. ...Herein, an optimal lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate salt was introduced to build in situ an amorphous cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) between Ni‐rich cathodes and hybrid electrolyte. The CEI preserves the surface structure with high compatibility, leading to enhanced interfacial stability. Meanwhile, the space‐charge layer can be prominently mitigated at the solid/solid interface via harmonized chemical potentials, acquiring promoted interfacial dynamics as revealed by COMSOL simulation. Consequently, the amorphous CEI integrates the bifunctionality to provide an excellent cycling stability, high Coulombic efficiency, and favorable rate capability in high‐voltage Li‐metal batteries, innovating the design philosophy of functional CEI strategy for future high‐energy‐density batteries.
The CEI's advantage: An amorphous cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) with superior chemical compatibility and plasticity was formed via in situ LiDFOB conversion. It endows high‐voltage hybrid solid/liquid batteries with significantly enhanced interfacial stability, durability, and dynamics.
Objective
The thickened coracohumeral ligament (CHL) is an important part of the typical manifestations and magnetic resonance imaging of frozen shoulder. However, only a few clinical studies with ...limited cases on arthroscopic extra‐articular entire CHL release exist in the literature. This study was to evaluate the effect of arthroscopic extra‐articular entire CHL release for patients with recalcitrant frozen shoulder.
Methods
From February 2014 to February 2020, 81 cases of recalcitrant frozen shoulder patients treated with surgery in a single‐center shoulder department and followed for more than 2 years were analyzed. Arthroscopic 360° capsular release was performed with intra‐articular partial release (IPR group) or additional extra‐articular entire release (IPR + EER group) of CHL. The same rehabilitation program was performed after surgery in both groups. Visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, range of motion (ROM), and the Constant–Murley scoring system was evaluated before operation, at 3 months after operation, 6 months after operation, and the final follow‐up. T‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test and chi‐squared test were used to compared data.
Results
There were 39 patients in the IPR group, with an average follow‐up of 29.2 months. A total of Forty‐two patients in the IPR + EER group completed a mean follow‐up of 25.7 months. All incisions healed in stages. There were significant differences in Constant–Murley shoulder score, VAS score, and ROM before operation and at the final follow‐up in both groups (both P < 0.001). The VAS score of the IPR + EER group was lower than that of the IPR group at 3 months after surgery (P < 0.05), and 6 months after operation (P < 0.05). External rotation, internal rotation, and abduction of ROMs and Constant–Murley shoulder score were significantly greater in the IPR + EER group at 3 months (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively) and 6 months after operation (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, respectively). At the last follow‐up, there was no significant difference in forward flexion, internal rotation, and abduction of ROMs, VAS, and the Constant–Murley shoulder score between the IPR and IPR + EER groups. The external rotation of the IPR + EER group was still greater than that of the IPR group at the last follow‐up (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Arthroscopic extra‐articular entire coracohumeral ligament release could solve early pain of shoulder joint, recover shoulder joint functions effectively, and achieve a satisfactory efficacy in the treatment of recalcitrant frozen shoulder.
Arthroscopic extra‐articular entire coracohumeral ligament release could solve early pain of shoulder joint, recover shoulder joint functions effectively, and achieve a satisfactory efficacy in the treatment of recalcitrant frozen shoulder.
We report acute antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in 285 patients with COVID-19. Within 19 days after symptom onset, 100% of patients tested positive for antiviral immunoglobulin-G (IgG). ...Seroconversion for IgG and IgM occurred simultaneously or sequentially. Both IgG and IgM titers plateaued within 6 days after seroconversion. Serological testing may be helpful for the diagnosis of suspected patients with negative RT-PCR results and for the identification of asymptomatic infections.
Rechargeable lithium‐metal batteries (RLBs), which employ the Li‐metal anode to acquire notably boosted specific energy at cell level, represent the “Holy Grail” for “beyond Li‐ion” electrochemical ...energy storage technology. Currently, the practical use of RLBs is impeded by poor cycling and safety performance, which are derived from high chemical reactivity of metallic Li and uncontrollable formation and propagation of metal dendrites during repeated Li plating/stripping. In this study, a new strategy is demonstrated to stabilize the anode electrochemistry of RLBs by applying a Mg3N2‐decorated functional separator onto the Li‐metal surface. An in situ conversion‐alloying reaction occurring at Li‐separator interface assists formation of a mixed ion/electron conducting layer that consists mainly of Li3N and Li‐Mg solid‐solution. The inorganic interlayer effectively suppresses parasitic reactions at Li‐electrolyte interface while simultaneously homogenizes Li+/e‐ flux across the interface and therefore, contributes to dendrite‐free operation of Li‐metal anode. A Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 battery based on the functional separator delivers a reversible capacity of 129 mAh g‐1 after 600 cycles at 0.5 C, which corresponds to a capacity retention of 75.9%. The preparation of functional separator is scalable and adaptive to battery manufacture, which brings new opportunities to realize high‐energy RLBs with long cycle life and improved safety.
A mixed ion/electron conducting layer is in situ formed at the interface between Li‐metal anode and Mg3N2‐supported functional separator, which enables fast Li+ diffusion, uniform Li plating, and inhibits interfacial parasitic reactions for dendrite‐free operation of high‐energy rechargeable Li‐metal batteries.
Electrochemical energy storage has experienced unprecedented advancements in recent years and extensive discussions and reviews on the progress of multivalent metal‐ion batteries have been made ...mainly from the aspect of electrode materials, but relatively little work comprehensively discusses and provides an outlook on the development of electrolytes in these systems. Under this circumstance, this Review will initially introduce different types of electrolytes in current multivalent metal‐ion batteries and explain the basic ion conduction mechanisms, preparation methods, and pros and cons. On this basis, we will discuss in detail the research and development of electrolytes for multivalent metal‐ion batteries in recent years, and finally, critical challenges and prospects for the application of electrolytes in multivalent metal‐ion batteries will be put forward.
Electrolytes for Multivalent Batteries: This work focuses on different types of electrolytes and their latest applications in zinc, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum‐ion batteries, and discusses the development direction and prospect of various metal‐ion battery electrolytes.
The fast-ionic-conducting ceramic electrolyte is promising for next-generation high-energy-density Li-metal batteries, yet its application suffers from the high interfacial resistance and poor ...interfacial stability. In this study, the compatible solid-state electrolyte was designed by coating Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) oppositely to satisfy deliberately the disparate interface demands. Wherein, the upper PAN constructs soft-contact with LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, and the lower PEO protects LATP from being reduced, guaranteeing high-voltage tolerance and improved stability toward Li-metal anode performed in one ceramic. Moreover, the core function of LATP is amplified to guide homogeneous ions distribution and hence suppresses the formation of a space-charge layer across interfaces, uncovered by the COMSOL Multiphysics concentration field simulation. Thus, such a bifunctional modified ceramic electrolyte integrates the respective superiority to render Li-metal batteries with excellent cycling stability (89% after 120 cycles), high Coulombic efficiency (exceeding 99.5% per cycle), and a dendrite-free Li anode at 60 °C, which represents an overall design of ceramic interface engineering for future practical solid battery systems.
Abstract Achyranthes bidentate Blume (Niuxi) is often employed for treatment of arthritis in Traditional Chinese Medicine and possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Phytochemical and pharmacological ...studies proved the oleanane-type saponins to be the main bioactive principles. In the present study, protective effects of A. bidentata saponins (ABS) on inflammation and apoptosis in interleukine-1β (IL-1β)-induced chondrocytes were investigated. Rat chondrocytes were pretreated with ABS at 3 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 30 μg/mL, and subsequently stimulated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL). Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and annexin V/propidium iodide dual staining demonstrated that ABS could protect IL-1β-induced chondrocyte injury. ABS suppressed IL-1β-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of caspase-3, inhibiting levels of proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bad, decreasing p53 protein phosphorylation, and promoting the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. IL-1β-induced inflammation and matrix degradation were also alleviated by ABS through the downregulation of the expressions of matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 and cyclooxygenase-2. Moreover, ABS inhibited IL-1β-induced nuclear factor κB activation in rat chondrocytes. We demonstrated, for the first time, the protective effects of ABS on IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes and their molecular mechanisms. Thus, it is suggested that ABS might be a potential drug in the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Conductive textiles (CTs) are promising electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Nevertheless, limited stretchability and poor reliability restrict their potential applications in ...stretchable electronic devices because of the rigid conductive networks. Herein, a highly stretchable and reliable CT is developed for effective EMI shielding by designing a deformable liquid-metal (LM) coating and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) protective layer. The resultant PDMS-LM/Textile exhibits an outstanding EMI shielding efficiency (EMI SE) of 72.6 dB at a thickness of only 0.35 mm while maintaining EMI SEs of 66.0 and 52.4 dB under strains of 30 and 50%, respectively. The corresponding EMI SEs hold 91.7 and 80.3% retention after 5000 stretching–releasing cycles, respectively. The superior and durable EMI SE should be ascribed to the perfect connectivity and good deformability of conductive LM networks. Moreover, the LM coating has a robust fastness to the textile substrate, without any obvious decrease in EMI SE after 10 min of ultrasonic treatment and 100 peeling cycles because of the protective effect of the PDMS layer. This work provides a novel route to developing highly stretchable CTs for advanced EMI shielding applications, especially in the field of highly stretchable electronic devices.
The high activity of water molecules results in a series of awful parasitic reaction, which seriously impede the development of aqueous zinc batteries. Herein, a new gel electrolyte with multiple ...molecular anchors is designed by employing natural biomaterials from chitosan and chlorophyll derivative. The gel electrolyte firmly anchors water molecules by ternary hydrogen bonding to reduce the activity of water molecules and inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction. Meanwhile, the multipolar charged functional groups realize the gradient induction and redistribution of Zn2+, which drives oriented Zn (002) plane deposition of Zn2+ and then achieves uniform Zn deposition and dendrite‐free anode. As a result, it endows the Zn||Zn cell with over 1700 h stripping/plating processes and a high efficiency of 99.4% for the Zn||Cu cell. In addition, the Zn||V2O5 full cells also exhibit capacity retention of 81.7% after 600 cycles at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent long‐term stability over 1600 cycles at 2 A g−1, and the flexible pouch cells can provide stable power for light‐emitting diodes even after repeated bending. The gel electrolyte strategy provides a reference for reversible zinc anode and flexible wearable devices.
A gel electrolyte with molecular anchors is synthesized. It reduces the activity of H2O by anchoring them through ternary hydrogen bonds, which effectively inhibits hydrogen evolution reaction. Furthermore, multiple charged groups of the gel electrolyte induce the deposition of Zn2+ in an orderly manner and promote the directional deposition of Zn2+ on the Zn (002) plane, obtaining a highly reversible dendrite‐free anode.
The rapid capacity decay caused by the poor contact and large polarization at the interface between the cathode and solid electrolytes is still a big challenge to overcome for high-power-density ...solid batteries. In this study, a superior Li+ conductive transition layer Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 is introduced to coat LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2, as a model cathode, to mitigate polarization and enhance dynamic characteristics. The critical attribute for such superior dynamics is investigated by the atomic force microscopy with boundary potential analysis, revealing that the formed interfacial transition layer provides a gradual potential slope and sustain-released polarization, and endows the battery with improved cycling stability (90% after 100 cycles) and excellent rate capability (116 mA h g–1 at 2 C) at room temperature, which enlightens the comprehension of interface engineering in the future solid batteries systems.
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