The frequent outbreak of global infectious diseases has prompted the development of rapid and effective diagnostic tools for the early screening of potential patients in point-of-care testing ...scenarios. With advances in mobile computing power and microfluidic technology, the smartphone-based mobile health platform has drawn significant attention from researchers developing point-of-care testing devices that integrate microfluidic optical detection with artificial intelligence analysis. In this article, we summarize recent progress in these mobile health platforms, including the aspects of microfluidic chips, imaging modalities, supporting components, and the development of software algorithms. We document the application of mobile health platforms in terms of the detection objects, including molecules, viruses, cells, and parasites. Finally, we discuss the prospects for future development of mobile health platforms.
Highlights
High-dimensional optical neural network is achieved by introducing an on-chip soliton microcomb source and wavelength division multiplexing technique.
The programmable electro-optic ...nonlinear layer and optical meshes promote the implementation of a multi-layer optical neural network.
Ultra-low coupling loss is realized between functional chips and fiber array, which is around 1 dB per facet.
Parallel multi-thread processing in advanced intelligent processors is the core to realize high-speed and high-capacity signal processing systems. Optical neural network (ONN) has the native advantages of high parallelization, large bandwidth, and low power consumption to meet the demand of big data. Here, we demonstrate the dual-layer ONN with Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) network and nonlinear layer, while the nonlinear activation function is achieved by optical-electronic signal conversion. Two frequency components from the microcomb source carrying digit datasets are simultaneously imposed and intelligently recognized through the ONN. We successfully achieve the digit classification of different frequency components by demultiplexing the output signal and testing power distribution. Efficient parallelization feasibility with wavelength division multiplexing is demonstrated in our high-dimensional ONN. This work provides a high-performance architecture for future parallel high-capacity optical analog computing.
Accurate diagnosis of human diseases is crucial for effective prevention, clinical treatment, and prognosis. The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided guidelines for molecular diagnostic ...methods, suggesting that the ideal method should meet the ASSURED criteria: affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid, robust, equipment-free, and deliverable to end-users.However, traditional molecular detection methods have certain limitations, including the need for expensive reagents and equipment, skilled technicians, lengthy processing time, high labor intensity, low sensitivity, and limited applicability in remote areas and real-time scenarios. The rapidly evolving CRISPR/Cas systems have revolutionized molecular diagnostics by providing a low-cost, versatile, and powerful toolbox. In this review, we will first introduce the general working principle of the CRISPR toolbox in diagnosis. We will then present various nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid detection methods based on CRISPR/Cas systems for diagnosing both infectious and non-infectious diseases, with a particular focus on the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Finally, we discuss the challenges faced by CRISPR molecular diagnostics and expect more groundbreaking applications in disease diagnostics through rational design and multidisciplinary engineering to enable multiplexed, preamplification-free, point-of-care testing (POCT) and continuous monitoring of disease.
•A comprehensive summary and classification of emerging CRISPR-based diagnostic tools.•The CRISPR/Cas toolbox for detection of nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets.•The CRISPR/Cas toolbox for diagnosing of infectious and non-infectious diseases.•The detection process CRISPR-based diagnosis and remarkable improvement over time.•The outlook of development, challenges, and applications of CRISPR/Cas toolbox.
The emergence of multidrug treatment resistance presents a hurdle for the successful chemotherapy of tumours. Ferroptosis, resulting from the iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides, has the ...potential to reverse multidrug resistance. However, simultaneous delivery of the iron sources, ferroptosis inducers, drugs, and enhanced circulation carriers within matrices remains a significant challenge. Herein, we designed and fabricated a defect self-assembly of metal-organic framework (MOF)-red blood cell (RBC) membrane-camouflaged multi-drug-delivery nanoplatform for combined ferroptosis-apoptosis treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer. Ferroptosis and chemotherapeutic drugs are embedded in the centre of the iron (III)-based MOF at defect sites by coordination with metal clusters during a one-pot solvothermal synthesis process. The RBC membrane could camouflage the nanoplatform for longer circulation. Our results demonstrate that this defect self-assembly-enabled MOF-membrane-camouflaged nanoplatform could deplete the glutathione, amplify the reactive oxidative species oxidative stress, and enable remarkable anticancer properties. Our work provides an alternative strategy for overcoming multidrug resistance, which could regulate the fluidity and permeability of the cell membrane by ferroptosis to downregulate of P-glycoprotein protein expression by ferroptosis. This defect self-assembly-enabled MOF-membrane-camouflaged multi-drug-delivery nanoplatform has great therapeutic potential.
The defect self-assembly-enabled MOF-membrane-camouflaged multi-drug-delivery nanoplatform provides simultaneous delivery of iron sources, ferroptosis inducers and guest drugs during a one-pot solvothermal synthesis process. The embedded complexation within defect nanostructures can prevent unexpected drug leakage. Ferroptosis is driven by oxidative phospholipid damage, which could downregulate P-gp protein expression and then reduce drug resistance. Display omitted
•Fabricated a defect self-assembly-enabled MOF.•Ferroptosis-inducing reverse multidrug resistance.•MOF-membrane-camouflaged multi-drug-delivery nanoplatform.•Ferroptosis-apoptosis treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer therapy.
Aqueous nanocolloids of poorly soluble materials were produced via sonicated layer-by-layer (LbL) encapsulation with polycation / polyanion shells. Synergy of simultaneous breaking powder particles ...with ultrasonication and coating them with polycations allowed for the production of 150−200 nm diameter polyelectrolyte coated nanoparticles with sufficient surface electrical potential for colloidal stability. This technique increases water dispersibility of low soluble materials ranging from anticancer drugs to anticorrosion agents, dyes and inorganic salts.
The abuse of antibiotics makes bacterial infection an increasingly serious global health threat. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the ideal alternative antibacterial approach for quick and effective ...sterilization. Although various antibacterial strategies based on ROS have been developed, many of them are still limited by insufficient antibacterial efficiency. Here, we have developed an acid-enhanced dual-modal antibacterial strategy based on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF8) -derived nanozyme. ZIF8, which can release Zn2+, is chosen as the carrier to integrate glucose oxidase (GOx) and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) which can produce ROS via a cascade catalytic reaction. Thus, the bactericidal capability of ROS and Zn2+ have been integrated. More importantly, gluconic acid, a “by-product” of the catalytic reaction, can generate an acidic environment to promote both the ROS-producing and Zn2+-releasing, enhancing the overall antibacterial performance further. This triple-synergistic strategy exhibits extraordinary bactericidal ability at a low dosage of 4 μg/mL (for S. aureus) and 8 μg/mL (for E. coli), which shows a great potential of MOF-derived nanozyme for efficient bacterial eradication and diverse biomedical applications.
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•A triple-synergistic MOF-nanozyme has been designed for efficient bacterial eradication.•The as-designed nanozyme (ZAG NPs) exhibited an acid-reliance Zn2+-releasing and ROS-producing behavior.•ZAG NPs demonstrated excellent bactericidal performance in vitro and in vivo.
Moderately regulating vascularization and immune microenvironment of wound site is necessary to achieve scarless wound healing of the skin. Herein, we have prepared an angiogenesis-promoting and ...scar-preventing band-aid with a core-shell structure, that consists of MXene-loaded nanofibers (MNFs) as the core and dopamine-hyaluronic acid hydrogel (H) as the shell (MNFs@V–H@DA) to encapsulate a growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, abbreviated as V) and H2S donor (diallyl trisulfide, DATS, abbreviated as DA). The continuous release of DA from this system produced H2S, which would successfully induce macrophages to polarize into M2-lile phenotype, regulating the immune microenvironment and inhibiting an excessive inflammatory response at the wound sites. It is conducive to the proliferation of skin cells, facilitating the wound healing. In addition, an appropriate amount of VEGF can be released from the MXene nanofibrous skeleton by adjusting the time of near-infrared (NIR) light exposure, preventing excessive neovascularization and extracellular matrix deposition at the wound sites. Collectively, this NIR photothermal-responsive band-aid achieved scarless wound healing through gradient-controlled vascularization and a related immune sequential reaction of damaged skin tissue.
An angiogenesis-promoting and scar-preventing band-aid that consists of MXene-loaed nanofibers (MNFs) as the core and dopamine-hydroxyapatite hydrogel (H) as the shell (MNFs@V–H@DA) was prepared. This NIR photothermal-responsive band-aid achieved scarless wound healing through gradient-controlled vascularization and a related immune sequential reaction of damaged skin tissue, which is a promising strategy to achieve scarless wound healing. Display omitted
•A hybrid system combining hydrogel and nanofibers developed as band-aid for wound healing.•Mild hyperthermia induced by photothermal therapy achieves VEGF controlled release for appropriate neovascularization of wound site.•Continuous release of H2S facilitates the polarization of macrophages toward M2-like phenotype to regulate immune microenvironment of wound site.•The synergism of neovascularization and immune regulation accelerates the wound healing.
Bone defects pose a heavy burden on patients, orthopedic surgeons, and public health resources. Various pathological conditions cause bone defects including trauma, tumors, inflammation, ...osteoporosis, and so forth. Auto‐ and allograft transplantation have been developed as the most commonly used clinic treatment methods, among which autologous bone grafts are the golden standard. Yet the repair of bone defects, especially large‐volume defects in the geriatric population or those complicated with systemic disease, is still a challenge for regenerative medicine from the clinical perspective. The fast development of biomaterials and nanomedicine favors the emergence and promotion of efficient bone regeneration therapies. In this review, we briefly summarize the progress of novel biomaterial and nanomedical approaches to bone regeneration and then discuss the current challenges that still hinder their clinical applications in treating bone defects.
We present an overview of common causes of bone defects, the unmet clinical needs, and the utility of biomaterials and nanotechnology to facilitate bone regeneration. Besides, we propose several key approaches to improve bone repair strategies. This perspective provides a guidance for future research direction of bone repair to improve treatment efficiency in both clinical and research perspectives.
We summarize the most important advances in RNA delivery and nanomedicine. We describe lipid nanoparticle-based RNA therapeutics and the impacts on the development of novel drugs. The fundamental ...properties of the key RNA members are described. We introduced recent advances in the nanoparticles to deliver RNA to defined targets, with a focus on lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). We review recent advances in biomedical therapy based on RNA drug delivery and state-of-the-art RNA application platforms, including the treatment of different types of cancer. This review presents an overview of current LNPs based RNA therapies in cancer treatment and provides deep insight into the development of future nanomedicines sophisticatedly combining the unparalleled functions of RNA therapeutics and nanotechnology.
This review presents an overview of current nanoparticles-based RNA therapies in cancer and provides deep insight into the development of future nanomedicines sophisticatedly combining unparalleled functions of RNA therapeutics and nanotechnology. Display omitted
Combining chemo-therapeutics with immune checkpoint inhibitors facilitates killing cancer cells and activating the immune system through inhibiting immune escape. However, their treatment effects ...remain limited due to the compromised accumulation of both drugs and inhibitors in certain tumor tissues. Herein, a new poly (acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile-co-vinylimidazole-co-bis(2-methacryloyl) oxyethyl disulfide) (PAAVB) polymer-based intelligent platform with controllable upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was used for the simultaneous delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and curcumin (CUR). Additionally, a hyaluronic acid (HA) layer was coated on the surface of PAAVB NPs to target the CD44-overexpressed tumor cells. The proposed nanomedicine demonstrated a gratifying accumulation in tumor tissue and uptake by cancer cells. Then, the acidic microenvironment and high level of glutathione (GSH) in cancer cells could spontaneously decrease the UCST of polymer, leading to the disassembly of the NPs and rapid drug release at body temperature without extra-stimuli. Significantly, the released PTX and CUR could induce the immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote adaptive anti-tumor immunogenicity and inhibit immunosuppression through suppressing the activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme respectively. Therefore, the synergism of this intelligent nanomedicine can suppress primary breast tumor growth and inhibit their lung metastasis.
An intelligent nano-platform with controllable upper critical solution temperature (UCST) for simultaneous targeted delivery of paclitaxel and curcumin to achieve immunogenic cell death and reverse immunosuppression. Display omitted
•A new copolymer PAAVB was prepared with pH- and GSH- controllable upper critical solution temperature (UCST) properties.•A nano-platform with PAAVB copolymer core and HA shell was developed and showed the capability to deliver PTX and CUR.•The antitumor immune response was synergistically stimulated by PTX-induced ICD and CUR induced IDO1activity suppression.•The synergism of intelligent nanomedicine could suppress the primary breast tumor growth and inhibit their lung metastasis.
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