Abstract The sonication-assisted layer-by-layer (SLBL) technology was developed to combine necessary factors for an efficient drug-delivery system: (i) control of nanocolloid size within 100 – 300 ...nm, (ii) high drug content (70% wt), (iii) shell biocompatibility and biodegradability, (iv) sustained controlled release, and (v) multidrug-loaded system. Stable nanocolloids of Paclitaxel (PTX) and lapatinib were prepared by the SLBL method. In a multidrug-resistant (MDR) ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR-3, lapatinib/PTX nanocolloids mediated an enhanced cell growth inhibition in comparison with the PTX-only treatment. A series of in vitro cell assays were used to test the efficacy of these formulations. The small size and functional versatility of these nanoparticles, combined with their ability to incorporate various drugs, indicates that lapatinib/PTX nanocolloids may have in vivo therapeutic applications. From the Clinical Editor The efficacy of Lapatinib/Paclitaxel polyelectrolyte nanocapsules is described in this study in cell cultures of multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer. If in vivo studies also result in similar efficacy and low toxicity, this may represent a viable avenue to address such malignancies.
Highlights
Pfizer–BioNTech’s and Moderna’s nanotechnology-enabled mRNA vaccines are the first of its kind to be approved for human use.
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives and although ...SARS-CoV-2 has caused irreversible health, social and economic damage, continuous and extensive efforts world-wide were essential to reduce its deleterious effects.
During the last decades, the use of nanotechnology in medicine has effectively been translated to the design of drug delivery systems, nanostructured tissues, diagnostic platforms, and novel nanomaterials against several human diseases and infectious pathogens. Nanotechnology-enabled vaccines have been positioned as solutions to mitigate the pandemic outbreak caused by the novel pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To fast-track the development of vaccines, unprecedented industrial and academic collaborations emerged around the world, resulting in the clinical translation of effective vaccines in less than one year. In this article, we provide an overview of the path to translation from the bench to the clinic of nanotechnology-enabled messenger ribonucleic acid vaccines and examine in detail the types of delivery systems used, their mechanisms of action, obtained results during each phase of their clinical development and their regulatory approval process. We also analyze how nanotechnology is impacting global health and economy during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.
Highlights
A dual-atom nanozyme (DAN) was successfully prepared based on Fe and Mn bimetallic single-atom embedded in N-doped carbon material and modified with hydrophilic polymer.
The DAN possess ...excellent enzyme catalytic activity and attenuate dramatically inflammation by inhibiting the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/NLRP3 signal axis.
The DAN break the vicious cycle in dry eye disease and is a potential strategy for treating dry eye disease.
Dry eye disease (DED) is a major ocular pathology worldwide, causing serious ocular discomfort and even visual impairment. The incidence of DED is gradually increasing with the high-frequency use of electronic products. Although inflammation is core cause of the DED vicious cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the vicious cycle by regulating inflammation from upstream. Therefore, current therapies merely targeting inflammation show the failure of DED treatment. Here, a novel dual-atom nanozymes (DAN)-based eye drops are developed. The antioxidative DAN is successfully prepared by embedding Fe and Mn bimetallic single-atoms in N-doped carbon material and modifying it with a hydrophilic polymer. The in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the DAN is endowed with superior biological activity in scavenging excessive ROS, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation, decreasing proinflammatory cytokines expression, and suppressing cell apoptosis. Consequently, the DAN effectively alleviate ocular inflammation, promote corneal epithelial repair, recover goblet cell density and tear secretion, thus breaking the DED vicious cycle. Our findings open an avenue to make the DAN as an intervention form to DED and ROS-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains an unmet challenge in chemotherapy. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers emerge as a promising tool to overcome MDR. Herein, pH-sensitive poly(β-amino ester)s polymers ...(PHP)-based micellar nanoparticles were synthesized for enhanced doxorubicin (DOX) delivery in drug resistant breast cancer MCF-7/ADR cells. DOX-loaded PHP micelles showed rapid cell-internalization and lysosomal escape in MCF-7/ADR cells. The cytotoxicity assays showed relatively higher cell inhibition of DOX-loaded PHP micelles than that of free DOX against MCF-7/ADR cells. Further mechanistic studies showed that PHP micelles were able to inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity by lowering mitochondrial membrane potentials and ATP levels. These results suggested that the enhanced antitumor effect might be attributed to PHP-mediated lysosomal escape and drug efflux inhibition. Therefore, PHP would be a promising pH-responsive nanocarrier for enhanced intracellular drug delivery and overcoming MDR in cancer cells.
Carbon dot (CD)-based luminescent materials have attracted great attention in optical anti-counterfeiting due to their excellent photophysical properties in response to ultraviolet-to-visible ...excitation. Hence, there is an urgent need for the general synthesis of CD-based materials with multimode luminescence properties and high stability; however, their synthesis remains a formidable challenge. Herein, CDs were incorporated into a Yb,Tm-doped YF3 matrix to prepare CDs@YF3:Yb,Tm composites. The YF3 plays a dual role, not only serving as a host for fixing rare earth luminescent centers but also functioning as a rigid matrix to stabilize the triplet state of the CDs. Under the excitation of 365 nm ultraviolet light and 980 nm near-infrared light, CDs@YF3:Yb,Tm exhibited blue fluorescence and green room-temperature phosphorescence of CDs and upconversion luminescence of Tm3+, respectively. Due to the strong protection of the rigid matrix, the stability of CDs@YF3:Yb,Tm is greatly improved. This work provides a general synthesis strategy for achieving multimode luminescence and high stability of CD-based luminescent materials and offers opportunities for their applications in advanced anti-counterfeiting and information encryption.
Highlights
Comprehensive and systematic discussion of vascularized additive manufacturing scaffolds for bone tissue repair is provided.
The development mechanism of blood vessels and the relationship ...between bone tissue engineering and blood vessels are discussed.
Vascularized additively manufactured scaffolds in tissue repair are discussed in terms of issues, opportunities, and challenges.
Intelligent vascularized 3D/4D/5D/6D-printed tissue scaffolds are discussed.
Blood vessels are essential for nutrient and oxygen delivery and waste removal. Scaffold-repairing materials with functional vascular networks are widely used in bone tissue engineering. Additive manufacturing is a manufacturing technology that creates three-dimensional solids by stacking substances layer by layer, mainly including but not limited to 3D printing, but also 4D printing, 5D printing and 6D printing. It can be effectively combined with vascularization to meet the needs of vascularized tissue scaffolds by precisely tuning the mechanical structure and biological properties of smart vascular scaffolds. Herein, the development of neovascularization to vascularization to bone tissue engineering is systematically discussed in terms of the importance of vascularization to the tissue. Additionally, the research progress and future prospects of vascularized 3D printed scaffold materials are highlighted and presented in four categories: functional vascularized 3D printed scaffolds, cell-based vascularized 3D printed scaffolds, vascularized 3D printed scaffolds loaded with specific carriers and bionic vascularized 3D printed scaffolds. Finally, a brief review of vascularized additive manufacturing-tissue scaffolds in related tissues such as the vascular tissue engineering, cardiovascular system, skeletal muscle, soft tissue and a discussion of the challenges and development efforts leading to significant advances in intelligent vascularized tissue regeneration is presented.
Background A variety of inflammatory mediators and effector cells participate together in acute lung injury,and lead to secondary injury that is due to an inflammatory cascade and secondary diffuse ...lung parenchyma injury.Inflammation is associated with an oxidative stress reaction,which is produced in the development of airway inflammation,and which has positive feedback on inflammation itself.Resolvin D1 can reduce the infiltration of neutrophils,regulate cytokine levels and reduce the inflammation reaction,and thereby promote the resolution of inflammation.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of resolvin D1 on an inflammatory response and oxidative stress during lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced acute lung injury.Methods LPS （3 mg/kg） was used to induce the acute lung injury model.Pretreatment resolvin D1 （100 ng/mouse） was given to mice 30 minutes before inducing acute lung injury.Mice were observed at 6 hours,12 hours,1 day,2 days,3 days,4 days and 7 days after LPS was administrated,then they were humanely sacrificed.We collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and the lung tissues for further analysis.Paraffin section and HE staining of the lung tissues were made for histopathology observations.Parts of the lung tissues were evaluated for wet-to-dry （W/D） weight ratio.tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α,inter leukin （IL）-1β,IL-10 and myeloperoxidase （MPO） were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）.A lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde （MDA） assay kit was used to detect MDA.A total superoxide dismutase assay kit with WST-1 was used to analyze superoxide dismutase （SOD）.We determined the apoptosis of neutrophils by Flow Cytometry.A real-time quantitative PCR Detecting System detected the expression of mRNA for heme oxygenase （HO）-1.Results Pretreatment with resolvin D1 reduced the pathological damage in the lung,decreased the recruitment of neutrophils and stimulated their apoptosis.It markedly decreased the expressions of TNF-α,IL-1β and increased the expressions of IL-10,and decreased the production of MDA and increased the expressions of SOD.The mRNA expression of HO-1 was also significantly increased.Conclusions Resolvin D1 displays potent anti-inflammatory actions by regulating cytokines,inhibiting aberrant neutrophil recruitment and stimulating apoptosis of neutrophils.Resolvin D1 can also relieve the injury due to oxidative stress.The mechanisms might be related to increase HO-1 expression.
Highlights
We have demonstrated how to create a parent surfactant that is open to manipulation, while maintaining its surface activity, robustness, and compatibility, to expand the landscape of ...surfactant-dependent microfluidic-droplet-based assays.
To create a library of functional surfactants from the parent surfactant, an oxidation-responsive small building block with thioethers and multiple 1,2-diols was used as a head group, while a non-polar perfluoropolyether chain was used as a tail.
Creating a single surfactant that is open to manipulation, while maintaining its surface activity, robustness, and compatibility, to expand the landscape of surfactant-dependent assays is extremely challenging. We report an oxidation-responsive precursor with thioethers and multiple 1,2-diols for creating a variety of functional surfactants from one parent surfactant. Using these multifunctional surfactants, we stabilize microfluidics-generated aqueous droplets. The droplets encapsulate different components and immerse in a bioinert oil with distinct interfaces where an azide-bearing surfactant allow fishing of biomolecules from the droplets, aldehyde-bearing surfactant allow fabrication of microcapsules, and hydroxyl-bearing surfactants, with/without oxidized thioethers, allow monitoring of single-cell gene expression. Creating multifunctional surfactants poses opportunities for broad applications, including adsorption, bioanalytics, catalysis, formulations, coatings, and programmable subset of emulsions.
In a recent work in Nature, the Xu group at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) demonstrate the ability to tune strain to alter the optical and electrical properties of halide perovskites. ...Strained α-formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) shows phase stability up to 360 days compared with the metastable strain-free α-FAPbI3.
In a recent work in Nature, the Xu group at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) demonstrate the ability to tune strain to alter the optical and electrical properties of halide perovskites. Strained α-formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) shows phase stability up to 360 days compared with the metastable strain-free α-FAPbI3.
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