To improve the emission control effect of diesel engines, a pre-emission model for diesel engines using biofuels is constructed using support vector machine. Considering that traditional support ...vector machine training relies on initial parameters and is prone to local convergence, a genetic algorithm model is adopted to construct an improved diesel engine pre-emission model. At the same time, with the optimization goal of diesel engine emissions of particles and gases, the improved diesel engine pre-emission model is used to obtain emission data as training parameters. The second generation non-dominated genetic algorithm is introduced to construct a multi-objective diesel engine emission control model, achieving optimal control of diesel engine emissions. In the experimental analysis of diesel engine pre emission models, the proposed pre emission model has a better prediction effect in nitrogen oxides, with an average prediction accuracy of 0.986, which is better than the Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine model's 0.906, and is more accurate in detecting emissions. Simultaneously predicting particulate matter, the average prediction accuracy of the proposed model is 0.978, while the prediction accuracy of the Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine model is 0.902, indicating that the overall prediction effect of the proposed method is better. In the experimental analysis of multi-objective optimization models, the proposed multi-objective optimization model performs best in diesel emission optimization. The proposed model can achieve convergence in the shortest time, and the minimum nitrogen oxide emissions are 210.7 ppm. Compared with Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II and Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization models, the particle emission optimization effect is improved by 23.5 % and 18.6 %. From this, it can be seen that the proposed method has excellent performance in diesel engine emission monitoring and pollutant optimization, surpassing related technologies in the same period. The research technology provides important technical references for the monitoring and emission control of harmful substances in diesel engines.
Extracting rich feature representations is a key challenge in person re-identification (Re-ID) tasks. However, traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) based methods could ignore a part of ...information when processing local regions of person images, which leads to incomplete feature extraction. To this end, this paper proposes a person Re-ID method based on vision Transformer with hierarchical structure and window shifting. When extracting person image features, the hierarchical Transformer model is constructed by introducing the hierarchical construction method commonly used in CNN. Then, considering the importance of local information of person images for complete feature extraction, the self-attention calculation is performed by shifting within the window region. Finally, experiments on three standard datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.
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•Managed aquifer recharge sustains an Australian wetland of ecological significance.•Wastewater recharge slows throughflow of regional groundwater near the wetland.•Dense, saline ...water produced by wetland evapotranspiration recharges the aquifer.•Ingress of recycled water to the wetland is prevented by the subsurface flow system.
A proposal to increase wastewater infiltration at the Kwinana Wastewater Treatment Plant (KWTP) to an unconfined aquifer near a groundwater flow-through wetland (The Spectacles) in Western Australia, prompted a study of the groundwater geochemistry and water levels to identify the water types and to develop a conceptual model for groundwater flow and geochemical evolution. Within the catchment, the water table has dramatically declined (e.g up to −70 to −90 mm/yr over three decades) due to the drying climate and increasing demand for groundwater. Annual rainfall has declined by 9 mm/decade on average or about 1.4% of the annual mean over the last three decadesWastewater infiltration began in 1975 and has increased to the current rate of 4.7 thousand cubic meters per day. Groundwater-surface water interactions were interpreted using multivariate statistical analysis of major ion and stable isotope (δ18O, δD) data. Rainwater infiltrating through the aquifer interacts with carbonate minerals while flowing westward to produce a Ca-HCO3 type of water (Group 1). Below the wetland, groundwater has an evaporative signature (Group 2) that has higher concentrations of TDS (>1 g/L) and distinctively higher δ18O (>2.5 per mil) than groundwater derived from wastewater infiltration (Group 3). The ratio of ions (K:Cl) was used to understand the mixing of water types and to quantify the proportions of wastewater at the site. Water samples collected in 2014 reveal a high proportion (>34%) of wastewater within the uppermost 30 m of aquifer and generally decreasing proportions with distance away from the source. Further investigation of The Spectacles water balance and hydrochemistry is needed to optimally manage and prevent degradation of the water quality. Proposed increases in wastewater recharge may continue to help offset the impact of the drying climate on lake levels.
Water quality is the critical factor that influence on human health and quantity and quality of grain production in semi-humid and semi-arid area. Songnen plain is one of the grain bases in China, as ...well as one of the three major distribution regions of soda saline-alkali soil in the world. To assess the water quality, surface water and groundwater were sampled and analyzed by fuzzy membership analysis and multivariate statistics. The surface water were gather into class I, IV and V, while groundwater were grouped as class I, II, III and V by fuzzy membership analysis. The water samples were grouped into four categories according to irrigation water quality assessment diagrams of USDA. Most water samples distributed in category C1-S1, C2-S2 and C3-S3. Three groups were generated from hierarchical cluster analysis. Four principal components were extracted from principal component analysis. The indicators to water quality assessment were Na, HCO3, NO3, Fe, Mn and EC from principal component analysis. We conclude that surface water and shallow groundwater are suitable for irrigation, the reservoir and deep groundwater in upstream are the resources for drinking. The water for drinking should remove of the naturally occurring ions of Fe and Mn. The control of sodium and salinity hazard is required for irrigation. The integrated management of surface water and groundwater for drinking and irrigation is to solve the water issues.
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► Surface water and groundwater were assessed for drinking and irrigation. ► River water and shallow groundwater are the better choose for irrigation. ► Reservoir water and deep groundwater are suitable for drinking. ► Water quality indicators include ion concentrations of Fe, Mn, NO3 and EC.
Accumulating evidence indicated that activation of microglia and neuroinflammation reaction played a prominent role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been ...shown to be associated with immune responses and brain damage, but its effects on AD remain unclear. This study mainly aimed to investigate the protective effect of TAK-242 (TLR4 specific inhibitor) on the microglia polarization and neuroprotection in AD mouse model and the underlying mechanisms. We found that APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice exhibited a dramatic increase in TLR4 levels concomitant with a significantly higher expression of inflammatory microglia in contrast to C57BL/6 wild type mice. Furthermore, inhibiton of TLR4 by TAK-242 administration significantly improved neurological function, decreased the level of Bax and caused a significant reduction in the levels of M1-markers (iNOS and TNFα), while the expressions of M2-phenotype markers (Trem-2 and Arg-1) were increased both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, TAK-242 treatment enhanced BV2 microglial phagocytosis. Moreover, Aβ25-35 caused the upregulation of inflammatory cytokine production, MyD88, NF-kappaB-p65 and NLRP3, which could be ameliorated by NLRP3-siRNA or TAK-242, an inhibitor of TLR4. These findings indicated that TLR4 inhibition provided neuroprotection and promoted microglia switch from the inflammatory M1 phenotype to the protective M2 phenotype in AD. The mechanism may be related to modulation of the MyD88/NF-kappaB/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
Combined chemo/chemodynamic therapy is a promising strategy to achieve an improved anticancer effect. However, the hypoxic microenvironment and limited amount of H2O2 in most solid tumors severely ...restrict the efficacy of this treatment. Herein, the construction of a nanocatalytic medicine, CaO2@DOX@ZIF‐67, via a bottom‐up approach is described. CaO2@DOX@ZIF‐67 simultaneously supplies O2 and H2O2 to achieve improved chemo/chemodynamic therapy. In the weakly acidic environment within tumors, CaO2@DOX@ZIF‐67 is broken down to rapidly release the Fenton‐like catalyst Co2+ and the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX). The unprotected CaO2 reacts with H2O to generate both O2 and H2O2. The generated O2 relieves the hypoxia in the tumor and further improve the efficacy of DOX. Meanwhile, the generated H2O2 reacts with Co2+ ions to produce highly toxic •OH through a Fenton‐like reaction, resulting in improved chemodynamic therapy.
The hypoxic microenvironment and limited amount of H2O2 in most solid tumors severely restrict the efficacy of chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy, respectively. Herein, a nanocatalytic medicine, CaO2@DOX@ZIF‐67, is synthesized via a bottom‐up approach. By virtue of simultaneously producing O2 and H2O2 under acidic conditions, the fabricated nanocatalytic medicine can eliminate hypoxic tumors via enhanced chemo/chemodynamic therapy.
Biochar has various ecological effects on heavy metal‐contaminated soils. Biochar can be used to passivate the activity of heavy metals and improve environmental conditions for microbial growth. A ...greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to explore the diversity of microbes in red soil under cadmium (Cd) stress following the application of wheat straw biochar. The contaminant Cd was prepared at 2.5 mg kg‒1 with deionized water to simulate the heavy metal pollution of red soil under natural conditions, and the proportions of wheat straw biochar used were 2.5% and 10%. The complete genetic diversity of red soil bacteria in this study was evaluated using high‐throughput sequencing. The results showed that the bacterial genetic diversity of Cd‐contaminated red soils was restored with biochar treatment, and recovery with 2.5% biochar was significant. Biochar significantly affected the richness of soil bacteria by 6.79%–21.04%. Forty‐three phyla of bacteria, including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, constituted the bacterial community in the red soils. Further principal component analysis showed that Cd pollution and biochar application collectively affected the bacterial genetic diversity. Hydrogenophaga, Rubrivivax, Haliscomenobacter, Citrobacter, Methylibium and Azospirillum were indicator strains for Cd‐contaminated red soils, while Steroidobacter, Bradyrhizobium, Anaerolinea, Chloronema Dubinina and Gorlenko were key strains for the biochar remediation of Cd contamination. In conclusion, for soil polluted with 2.5 mg kg Cd‒1, the application of 2.5% wheat straw biochar significantly increases soil microbial abundance and genetic diversity and plays an active role in improving the soil micro‐ecosystem.
Purpose Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells harbor alterations in chromosome 9p24.1, leading to overexpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and PD-L2. Pembrolizumab, a programmed death 1-blocking ...antibody, demonstrated a high overall response rate (ORR) in patients with relapsed or refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (rrHL) in phase I testing. Methods KEYNOTE-087 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT02453594) was a single-arm phase II study of pembrolizumab in three cohorts of patients with rrHL, defined on the basis of lymphoma progression after (1) autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and subsequent brentuximab vedotin (BV); (2) salvage chemotherapy and BV, and thus, ineligible for ASCT because of chemoresistant disease; and (3) ASCT, but without BV after transplantation. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg once every 3 weeks. Response was assessed every 12 weeks. The primary end points were ORR by central review and safety. Results A total of 210 patients were enrolled and treated (69 in cohort 1, 81 in cohort 2, and 60 in cohort 3). At the time of analysis, patients received a median of 13 treatment cycles. Per central review, the ORR was 69.0% (95% CI, 62.3% to 75.2%), and the complete response rate was 22.4% (95% CI, 16.9% to 28.6%). By cohort, ORRs were 73.9% for cohort 1, 64.2% for cohort 2, and 70.0% for cohort 3. Thirty-one patients had a response ≥ 6 months. The safety profile was largely consistent with previous pembrolizumab studies. Conclusion Pembrolizumab was associated with high response rates and an acceptable safety profile in patients with rrHL, offering a new treatment paradigm for this disease.
As an increasingly important aspect of water management, historical dry river-channels, ponds or lakes are operated for the storage of reclaimed water as a landscape with the need for reuse of water. ...However, the percolated reclaimed water may have an adverse effect on groundwater quality. The aims of this work are to evaluate the potential for using various groundwater constituents or characteristics as tracers of percolated reclaimed water, to clarify the groundwater hydrochemical process with the effect of the reclaimed water recharge, and to estimate the degree to which the infiltrated reclaimed water has mixed with the native groundwater. Results obtained by comparing analysis between the dry season and wet season are presented based on multivariate statistics analysis, correlation of hydrochemical elements, and stable isotopes. The groundwater with the impact of reclaimed water was clustered together with higher Cl, K and NH
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–N concentrations, lower Ca concentrations and more enriched heavy isotopes using unprecedentedly 3D-biplot; The water types of the groundwater change from Ca–Mg–HCO
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–Cl, via Ca–Na–Mg–HCO
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–Cl to Na–Ca–Mg–Cl–HCO
3
with increasing reclaimed water percolated into the groundwater; the most useful tracers for evaluation of the fate and mixing of reclaimed water are chloride ion and oxygen-18 and chloride ion is more accurate than oxygen-18 to quantify the recharge source of the groundwater from the reclaimed water; using a two-end-member mixing model to calculate the reclaimed water discharged into the groundwater, the proportion of reclaimed water in groundwater is up to 94% near the unlined riverbed and up to 43% far from it. These results demonstrate the potential of the combined application of multivariate statistics analysis, traditional hydrochemical analysis and isotopes to assess the percolated reclaimed water in the groundwater, especially using 3D-biplot to determine the spatial water quality changes defined by the different factors.
The Guqin is a string instrument that has been played in China for over 3,000 years. It is famous for its meditative, soothing sound and is frequently associated with Confucianism, Taoism, and ...Chinese literati culture. The instrument has seven strings that can be plucked with a plectrum or with the fingers. The Guqin’s sound is said to resemble a gentle breeze blowing through the trees, and it is frequently used in Chinese music to evoke feelings of tranquillity and introspection. This study was conducted by statistically analyzing field research data and making recommendations for their educational status. In this study, samples of local Guqin musical instruments were selected, and a field study was carried out for the three local Guqin musical instrument groups, the Guangling sect, the Jiuyi sect, and the Yushan sect. The questionnaire was administered to 180 participants and included a literature analysis. The results of this study show that the province of Guizhou is home to a diverse collection of peoples, and the art of the Guqin is being modernized and incorporated to produce a form of art that the general populace appreciates. It is possible to make innovations and explore ways to form an ensemble using Guqin, Guzheng, Dizi, and other ethnic instruments, hold various Guqin concerts and art festivals, and engage in cultural and artistic exchanges. Guqin music will be celebrated at an increasing number of festivals in the future.
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