The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is a major expression system for the production of therapeutic proteins, the majority of which are glycoproteins, such as antibodies and erythropoietin ...(EPO). The characterization glycosylation profile of therapeutic proteins produced from engineered CHO cells and therapeutic functions, as well as side effects, are critical to understand the important roles of glycosylation. In this study, a large scale glycoproteomic workflow was established and applied to CHO-K1 cells expressing EPO. The workflow includes enrichment of intact glycopeptides from CHO-K1 cell lysate and medium using hydrophilic enrichment, fractionation of the obtained intact glycopeptides (IGPs) by basic reversed phase liquid chromatography (bRPLC), analyzing the glycopeptides using LC-MS/MS, and annotating the results by GPQuest 2.0. A total of 10 338 N-linked glycosite-containing IGPs were identified, representing 1162 unique glycosites in 530 glycoproteins, including 71 unique atypical N-linked IGPs on 18 atypical N-glycosylation sequons with an overrepresentation of the N-X-C motifs. Moreover, we compared the glycoproteins from CHO cell lysate with those from medium using the in-depth N-linked glycoproteome data. The obtained large scale glycoproteomic data from intact N-linked glycopeptides in this study is complementary to the genomic, proteomic, and N-linked glycomic data previously reported for CHO cells. Our method has the potential to monitor the production of recombinant therapeutic glycoproteins.
Novel ZIF-8(Zn/Co)@g-C3N4 nanocomposites are developed and exhibit superior dual functions for atmospheric CO2 capture and conversion.
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•The study demonstrates a simple method for ...preparation of advanced nanocomposites.•Robust ZIF-8(Zn/Co)@g-C3N4 nanocomposites with multiple active sites are developed.•The material exhibits superior performance for atmospheric CO2 capture and conversion.•The optimal ZCN-60 is recyclable and exhibits excellent reusability and versatility.
The development of novel catalytic materials that integrate multifunctional sites has significant implications for expanding the utilization of CO2 resources. However, simultaneously achieving high activity and stability remains a formidable challenge. In this study, a series of ZIF-8(Zn/Co)@g-C3N4 nanocomposites were prepared by employing a thermo-physical compounding strategy that involved the combination of nitrogen-rich graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets with ZIF-8(ZnCo). The influences of different compositions of g-C3N4 and ZIF-8(Zn/Co) on the catalyst structure were systematically investigated. Subsequently, the catalytic activities of these nanocomposites towards the cycloaddition reaction between CO2 and epoxide were examined under different conditions. The presence of abundant Lewis base sites in g-C3N4 facilitates CO2 activation, while multiple Lewis acid sites in ZIF-8(Zn/Co) enable efficient epoxide activation. By working synergistically with a co-catalyst, tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), CO2 and epoxides can be efficiently reacted to synthesize the corresponding cyclic carbonates under mild or even atmospheric pressure conditions. The catalytic reaction conditions were optimized, and both the catalyst's recycling performance and the scope of epoxides with various substituents were investigated. The integration of g-C3N4 and ZIF-8(Zn/Co) endows the catalytic material with exceptional structural stability and remarkable catalytic activity, thereby providing a new platform for highly efficient CO2 conversion.
Bio-based flame retardant is highly desirable given today’s increasing environmentally friendly demand. In this article, a bio-based microencapsulated flame retardant SA@(MA/OPC) was prepared. ...Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis confirmed the effective encapsulation of melamine (MA) and orange peel charcoal (OPC) in sodium alginate (SA). EP/SA@(MA/OPC) composites were prepared by adding SA@(MA/OPC) into epoxy resin (EP). For comparison, EP/(SA/MA/OPC) composites were also prepared by adding unmicroencapsulated mixture SA/MA/OPC into epoxy resin (EP). Thermal stability and combustion behaviors of EP/SA@(MA/OPC) and EP/(SA/MA/OPC) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG–FTIR), limited oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL-94), cone calorimeter test and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/SA@(MA/OPC) decreased by 74.2%, 22.0% and 24.7%, respectively, compared to pure EP. The PHRR, THR and TSP of EP/(SA/MA/OPC) were higher than that of EP/SA@(MA/OPC), which indicated that microencapsulated SA@(MA/OPC) had a better flame retardancy than blending SA, MA and OPC with EP. Finally, the flame-retardant mechanism of EP/SA@(MA/OPC) was presented. This work provides a new attempt to build EP composites with bio-based flame retardants.
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The utilization of lighter alkanes into useful chemical products is essential for modern chemistry and reducing the CO2 emission. Particularly, n-butane has gained special attention ...across the globe due to the abundant production of maleic anhydride (MA). Vanadium phosphorous oxide (VPO) is the most effective catalyst for selective oxidation of n-butane to MA so far. Interestingly, the VPO complex exists in more or less fifteen different structures, each one having distinct phase composition and exclusive surface morphology and physiochemical properties such as valence state, lattice oxygen, acidity etc., which relies on precursor preparation method and the activation conditions of catalysts. The catalytic performance of VPO catalyst is improved by adding different promoters or co-catalyst such as various metals dopants, or either introducing template or structural-directing agents. Meanwhile, new preparation strategies such as electrospinning, ball milling, hydrothermal, barothermal, ultrasound, microwave irradiation, calcination, sol–gel method and solvothermal synthesis are also employed for introducing improvement in catalytic performance. Research in above-mentioned different aspects will be ascribed in current review in addition to summarizing overall catalysis activity and final yield. To analyze the performance of the catalytic precursor, the reaction mechanism and reaction kinetics both are discussed in this review to help clarify the key issues such as strong exothermic reaction, phosphorus supplement, water supplement, deactivation, and air/n-butane pretreatment etc. related to the various industrial applications of VPO.
Vibrio cholerae
can cause pandemic cholera in humans. The waterborne bacterium is frequently isolated from aquatic products worldwide. However, current literature on the impact of aquatic product ...matrices on the survival and pathogenicity of
cholerae
is rare. In this study, the growth of eleven non-O1/0O139
V. cholerae
isolates recovered from eight species of commonly consumed fish and shellfish was for the first time determined in the eight aquatic animal matrices, most of which highly increased the bacterial biomass when compared with routine trypsin soybean broth (TSB) medium. Secretomes of the
V. cholerae
isolates (draft genome size: 3,852,021–4,144,013 bp) were determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE-GE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) techniques. Comparative secretomic analyses revealed 74 differential extracellular proteins, including several virulence- and resistance-associated proteins secreted by the
V. cholerae
isolates when grown in the eight matrices. Meanwhile, a total of 8,119 intracellular proteins were identified, including 83 virulence- and 8 resistance-associated proteins, of which 61 virulence-associated proteins were absent from proteomes of these isolates when grown in the TSB medium. Additionally, comparative genomic and proteomic analyses also revealed several strain-specific proteins with unknown functions in the
V. cholerae
isolates. Taken, the results in this study demonstrate that distinct secretomes and proteomes induced by the aquatic animal matrices facilitate
V. cholerae
resistance in the edible aquatic animals and enhance the pathogenicity of the leading waterborne pathogen worldwide.
Purpose
Complete resection of diseased lesions reduces the recurrence of cancer, making it critical for surgical treatment. However, precisely resecting residual tumors is a challenge during ...operation. A novel integrated spectral-domain optical-coherence-tomography (SD-OCT) and laser-ablation therapy system for soft-biological-tissue resection is proposed. This is a prototype optical integrated diagnosis and therapeutic system as well as an optical theranostics system.
Methods
We develop an optical theranostics system, which integrates SD-OCT, a laser-ablation unit, and an automatic scanning platform. The SD-OCT image of biological tissue provides an intuitive and clear view for intraoperative diagnosis and monitoring in real time. The effect of laser ablation is analyzed using a quantitative mathematical model. The automatic endoscopic scanning platform combines an endoscopic probe and an SD-OCT sample arm to provide optical theranostic scanning motion. An optical fiber and a charge-coupled device camera are integrated into the endoscopic probe, allowing detection and coupling of the OCT-aiming beam and laser spots.
Results
The integrated diagnostic and therapeutic system combines SD-OCT imaging and laser-ablation modules with an automatic scanning platform. OCT imaging, laser-ablation treatment, and the integration and control of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were evaluated by performing phantom experiments. Furthermore, SD-OCT-guided laser ablation provided precision laser ablation and resection for the malignant lesions in soft-biological-tissue-lesion surgery. The results demonstrated that the appropriate laser-radiation power and duration time were 10 W and 10 s, respectively. In the laser-ablation evaluation experiment, the error reached approximately 0.1 mm. Another validation experiment was performed to obtain OCT images of the pre- and post-ablated craters of
ex vivo
porcine brainstem.
Conclusion
We propose an optical integrated diagnosis and therapeutic system. The primary experimental results show the high efficiency and feasibility of our theranostics system, which is promising for realizing accurate resection of tumors in vivo and in situ in the future.
Abstract
Background
Osteoarthritis(OA) is a major source of pain, disability, and socioeconomic cost in worldwide. However, there is no effective means for the early diagnosis of OA, nor can it ...accurately predict the progress of OA. To develop and validate a novel nomogram to predict the radiographic progression of mild to moderate OA based on three-dimensional(3D)-MRI bone shape and bone shape change during 24 months.
Method
Analysis of publicly available data from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) OA Biomarkers Consortium. Radiographic progression was defined as minimum radiographic narrowing of the medial tibiofemoral joint space of ≥ 0.7 mm from baseline at 24, 36, or 48 months. There were 297 knees with radiographic progression and 303 without. The bone shapes of the tibia, femur, and patella were evaluated by 3D-MRI at the baseline and at 24 months. Two nomograms were separately established by multivariate logistic regression analysis using clinical risk factors, bone shape at baseline (nomogram 0), or bone shape change at 24 months (nomogram Δ24). The discrimination, calibration, and usefulness were selected to evaluate the nomograms.
Results
There were significant differences between groups in baseline Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade, gender, age, and tibia, femur, and patella shape. The areas under the curve (AUC) of nomogram 0 and nomogram Δ24 were 0.66 and 0.75 (
p
< 0.05), with accuracy of 0.62 and 0.69, respectively. Both nomograms had good calibration. The decision curve analysis ( DCA) showed that nomogram Δ24 had greater clinical usefulness than nomogram 0 when the risk threshold ranged from 0.04 to 0.86.
Conclusions
Nomograms based on 3D-MRI bone shape change were useful for predicting the radiographic progression of mild to moderate OA.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor patient survival. Toward understanding the underlying molecular alterations that drive PDAC oncogenesis, we conducted ...comprehensive proteogenomic analysis of 140 pancreatic cancers, 67 normal adjacent tissues, and 9 normal pancreatic ductal tissues. Proteomic, phosphoproteomic, and glycoproteomic analyses were used to characterize proteins and their modifications. In addition, whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, methylation, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and microRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) were performed on the same tissues to facilitate an integrated proteogenomic analysis and determine the impact of genomic alterations on protein expression, signaling pathways, and post-translational modifications. To ensure robust downstream analyses, tumor neoplastic cellularity was assessed via multiple orthogonal strategies using molecular features and verified via pathological estimation of tumor cellularity based on histological review. This integrated proteogenomic characterization of PDAC will serve as a valuable resource for the community, paving the way for early detection and identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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•Proteogenomic characterization reveals the functional impact of genomic alterations•Phosphoproteomics uncovers putative therapeutic targets downstream of KRAS•Multiomics links endothelial cell remodeling and glycolysis to immune exclusion•Proteomics and glycoproteomics reveal candidates for early detection or intervention
Comparative multiomic analyses of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors with normal adjacent and pancreatic ductal tissues provide insight into genomic, proteomic, and immune dysregulation in driving disease.
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