Intelligent fault diagnosis techniques have replaced time-consuming and unreliable human analysis, increasing the efficiency of fault diagnosis. Deep learning models can improve the accuracy of ...intelligent fault diagnosis with the help of their multilayer nonlinear mapping ability. This paper proposes a novel method named Deep Convolutional Neural Networks with Wide First-layer Kernels (WDCNN). The proposed method uses raw vibration signals as input (data augmentation is used to generate more inputs), and uses the wide kernels in the first convolutional layer for extracting features and suppressing high frequency noise. Small convolutional kernels in the preceding layers are used for multilayer nonlinear mapping. AdaBN is implemented to improve the domain adaptation ability of the model. The proposed model addresses the problem that currently, the accuracy of CNN applied to fault diagnosis is not very high. WDCNN can not only achieve 100% classification accuracy on normal signals, but also outperform the state-of-the-art DNN model which is based on frequency features under different working load and noisy environment conditions.
Legumain is required for maintenance of normal kidney homeostasis. However, its role in acute kidney injury (AKI) is still unclear. Here, we induced AKI by bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) ...of renal arteries or folic acid in lgmn
and lgmn
mice. We assessed serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, histological indexes of tubular injury, and expression of KIM-1 and NGAL. Inflammatory infiltration was evaluated by immunohistological staining of CD3 and F4/80, and expression of TNF-α, CCL-2, IL-33, and IL-1α. Ferroptosis was evaluated by Acsl4, Cox-2, reactive oxygen species (ROS) indexes H
DCFDA and DHE, MDA and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). We induced ferroptosis by hypoxia or erastin in primary mouse renal tubular epithelial cells (mRTECs). Cellular survival, Acsl4, Cox-2, LDH release, ROS, and MDA levels were measured. We analyzed the degradation of GPX4 through inhibition of proteasomes or autophagy. Lysosomal GPX4 was assessed to determine GPX4 degradation pathway. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was used to determine the interactions between legumain, GPX4, HSC70, and HSP90. For tentative treatment, RR-11a was administrated intraperitoneally to a mouse model of IRI-induced AKI. Our results showed that legumain deficiency attenuated acute tubular injury, inflammation, and ferroptosis in either IRI or folic acid-induced AKI model. Ferroptosis induced by hypoxia or erastin was dampened in lgmn
mRTECs compared with lgmn
control. Deficiency of legumain prevented chaperone-mediated autophagy of GPX4. Results of IP suggested interactions between legumain, HSC70, HSP90, and GPX4. Administration of RR-11a ameliorated ferroptosis and renal injury in the AKI model. Together, our data indicate that legumain promotes chaperone-mediated autophagy of GPX4 therefore facilitates tubular ferroptosis in AKI.
Hydrogen (H2), a regenerable and promising energy carrier, acts as an essential role in the construction of a sustainable energy system. Formic acid (HCOOH, FA), a natural biological metabolic ...products and also accessible through carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, has a great potential to serve as a prospective H2 supplier for the fuel cell. Herein, ultrafine and electron-rich IrPdAu alloy nanoparticles with a size of 1.4 nm are highly dispersed on amine-modified mesoporous SiO2 (NH2-SBA-15) and used as a highly active and selective catalyst for fast H2 production from FA. The as-synthesized IrPdAu/NH2-SBA-15 possesses superior catalytic activity and 100% H2 selectivity with initial turnover frequency values of 6316 h–1 with the additive of sodium formate (SF) and 4737 h–1 even without SF at 298 K, comparable to the most effective heterogeneous catalysts ever published. The excellent performance of IrPdAu/NH2-SBA-15 was not only ascribed to the combination of the electronic synergistic effect of trimetallic alloys and the strong metal–support interaction effect but also attributed to the amine (−NH2) alkaline groups grafted on SBA-15, which is beneficial to boost the split of the O–H bond of FA.
Hematite (α-Fe
O
) is one of the most promising candidates as a photoanode materials for solar water splitting. Owing to the difficulty in suppressing the significant charge recombination, however, ...the photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion efficiency of hematite is still far below the theoretical limit. Here we report thick hematite films (∼1500 nm) constructed by highly ordered and intimately attached hematite mesocrystals (MCs) for highly efficient PEC water oxidation. Due to the formation of abundant interfacial oxygen vacancies yielding a high carrier density of ∼10
cm
and the resulting extremely large proportion of depletion regions with short depletion widths (<10 nm) in hierarchical structures, charge separation and collection efficiencies could be markedly improved. Moreover, it was found that long-lived charges are generated via excitation by shorter wavelength light (below ∼500 nm), thus enabling long-range hole transfer through the MC network to drive high efficiency of light-to-energy conversion under back illumination.
A few animal studies have shown that wheel running could reverse an unhealthy status by shifting the gut microbial composition, but no investigations have studied the effect of endurance running, ...such as marathon running, on human gut microbial communities. Since many findings have shown that marathon running immediately causes metabolic changes in blood, urine, muscles and lymph that potentially impact the gut microbiota (GM) within several hours. Here, we investigated whether the GM immediately responds to the enteric changes in amateur half-marathon runners. Alterations in the metabolic profile and microbiota were investigated in fecal samples based on an untargeted metabolomics methodology and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis. A total of 40 fecal metabolites were found significantly changed after finishing a half-marathon race. The most significantly different metabolites were organic acids (the major increased metabolites) and nucleic acid components (the major decreased metabolites). The enteric changes induced by running did not affect the α-diversity of the GM, but the abundances of certain microbiota members were shown to be significantly different before and after running. The family
was identified as a potential biomarker that links exercise with health improvement. Functional prediction showed a significantly activated "Cell motility" function of GM within participants after running. Correlation analysis indicated that the observed differential GM in our study might have been the shared outcome of running and diet. This study provided knowledge regarding the health impacts of marathon running from the perspective of GM for the first time. Our data indicated that long-distance endurance running can immediately cause striking metabolic changes in the gut environment. Gut microbes can rapidly respond to the altered fecal metabolites by adjusting certain bacterial taxa. These findings highlighted the health-promoting benefits of exercise from the perspective of GM.
Abstract
Dopant segregation, frequently observed in ionic oxides, is useful for engineering materials and devices. However, due to the poor driving force for ion migration and/or the presence of ...substantial grain boundaries, dopants are mostly confined within a nanoscale region. Herein, we demonstrate that core–shell heterostructures are formed by oriented self-segregation using one-step thermal annealing of metal-doped hematite mesocrystals at relatively low temperatures in air. The sintering of highly ordered interfaces between the nanocrystal subunits inside the mesocrystal eliminates grain boundaries, leaving numerous oxygen vacancies in the bulk. This results in the efficient segregation of dopants (~90%) on the external surface, which forms their oxide overlayers. The optimized photoanode based on hematite mesocrystals with oxide overlayers containing Sn and Ti dopants realises high activity (~0.8 μmol min
−1
cm
−2
) and selectivity (~90%) for photoelectrochemical H
2
O
2
production, which provides a wide range of application for the proposed concept.
Recent developments in molecular therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) demand accurate genetic diagnosis, because therapies are mutation specific. The KUCG (Kobe University Clinical ...Genetics) database for DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy is a hospital-based database comprising 442 cases. Using a combination of complementary DNA (cDNA) and chromosome analysis in addition to conventional genomic DNA-based method, mutation detection was successfully accomplished in all cases, and the largest mutation database of Japanese dystrophinopathy was established. Among 442 cases, deletions and duplications encompassing one or more exons were identified in 270 (61%) and 38 (9%) cases, respectively. Nucleotide changes leading to nonsense mutations or disrupting a splice site were identified in 69 (16%) or 24 (5%) cases, respectively. Small deletion/insertion mutations were identified in 34 (8%) cases. Remarkably, two retrotransposon insertion events were also identified. Dystrophin cDNA analysis successfully revealed novel transcripts with a pseudoexon created by a single-nucleotide change deep within an intron in four cases. X-chromosome abnormalities were identified in two cases. The reading frame rule was upheld for 93% of deletion and 66% of duplication mutation cases. For the application of molecular therapies, induction of exon skipping was deemed the first priority for dystrophinopathy treatment. At one Japanese referral center, the hospital-based mutation database of the dystrophin gene was for the first time established with the highest levels of quality and patient's number.
A paper-based microfluidic immunodevice has recently attracted considerable interest for point-of-care testing (POCT) and a washing procedure was used as a standard procedure in immunoassay to ...eliminate the nonspecific binding protein from a paper surface. However, the traditional washing method cannot get rid of the nonspecific binding protein more completely to get a lower background. In this work, a novel washing strategy with a ring-oven technique integrated on a paper-based immunodevice was presented, which can effectively wash a nonspecific binding protein and enable a low background for sensitive detection of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). By immobilizing the antibody on the detection area and incorporating the temperature-controlled ring-oven under the paper-based device, the continuous washing solution can carry the nonspecific binding protein to the waste area freely by capillary force and then the waste area dried quickly by heating. The paper device, which is matched to the size of the ring-oven, is composed of eight microfluidic channels by the simple and rapid paper-cutting fabrication method. With the HRP-catalyzed 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)–H2O2 colorimetric detection method, a lower detection limit of 0.03 ng/mL CEA can be obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The washing efficiency for the nonspecific binding protein was improved a lot compared to the traditional washing methods, and the established paper-based device can be used in the determination of CEA in human serum with high sensitivity. The paper-based device provides a new washing strategy for sensitive immunoassay and point-of-care diagnostics.
Zhenjiang aromatic vinegar (ZAV) is one of the famous Chinese vinegars, which contains various physicochemical and bioactive compositions. In the present study, physicochemical properties and total ...antioxidant activity were detected in ZAV samples. The correlation between of organic acids, amino acids, phenolic compounds, and the antioxidant activity of ZAV were explored. The results showed that contents of total acids, soluble solids, reducing sugar and total antioxidant activity in ZAV were increased with aging time, and those in ZAV-5 were the highest. Organic acids and amino acids exhibited weak antioxidant activity, while phenolic compounds had higher antioxidant ability. In addition, amino acids had synergistic effect on the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, whereas organic acids inhibited the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds. Moreover, it was found that phenolic compounds including catechin, vanillic acid and syringic acid showed higher contribution rates to antioxidant activities of mixed phenolic compounds. In conclusion, these findings would provide references to control the antioxidant characteristic of vinegar through regulating the main compositions, and further improve the quality of vinegar production.
Most robots are programmed to carry out specific tasks routinely with minor variations. However, more and more applications from SMEs require robots work alongside their counterpart human workers. To ...smooth the collaboration task flow and improve the collaboration efficiency, a better way is to formulate the robot to surmise what kind of assistance a human coworker needs and naturally take the right action at the right time. This paper proposes a prediction-based human-robot collaboration model for assembly scenarios. An embedded learning from demonstration technique enables the robot to understand various task descriptions and customized working preferences. A state-enhanced convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM)-based framework is formulated for extracting the high-level spatiotemporal features from the shared workspace and predicting the future actions to facilitate the fluent task transition. This model allows the robot to adapt itself to predicted human actions and enables proactive assistance during collaboration. We applied our model to the seats assembly experiment for a scale model vehicle and it can obtain a human worker's intentions, predict a coworker's future actions, and provide assembly parts correspondingly. It has been verified that the proposed framework yields higher smoothness and shorter idle times, and meets more working styles, compared to the state-of-the-art methods without prediction awareness.
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