Permutation codes have received a great attention due to various applications. For different applications, one needs permutation codes under different metrics. The generalized Cayley metric was ...introduced by Chee and Vu (in: 2014 IEEE international symposium on information theory, Honolulu, June 29–July 4, 2014, pp 2959–2963, 2014) and this metric includes several other metrics as special cases. However, the generalized Cayley metric is not easily computable in general. Therefore the block permutation metric was introduced by Yang et al. (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 65(8):4746–4763, 2019) as the generalized Cayley metric and the block permutation metric have the same magnitude. In this paper, by introducing a novel metric closely related to the block permutation metric, we build a bridge between some advanced algebraic methods and codes in the block permutation metric. More specifically, based on some techniques from algebraic function fields originated in Xing (IEEE Trans Inf Theory 48(11):2995–2997, 2002), we give an algebraic-geometric construction of codes in the novel metric with reasonably good parameters. By observing a trivial relation between the novel metric and block permutation metric, we then produce non-systematic codes in block permutation metric that improve all known results given in Xu et al. (Des Codes Cryptogr 87(11):2625–2637, 2019) and Yang et al. (2019). More importantly, based on our non-systematic codes, we provide an explicit and systematic construction of codes in the block permutation metric which improves the systematic result shown in Yang et al. (2019). In the end, we demonstrate that our codes in the novel metric itself have reasonably good parameters by showing that our construction beats the corresponding Gilbert–Varshamov bound.
A blind box economy has emerged in 2019, reflecting new consumption psy-chology among the young Z generation. Based on previous studies on Customer Perceived Value (CPV), customer satisfaction, and ...customer loyalty, this study analyzes 12 blind box characteristics, 5 blind box CPV, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty via questionnaires and interviews. A Better-Worse Coeffi-cient analysis, blind box characteristic, and Kano attribute classification of the CPV are used to determine the positive effect on customer satisfaction. In addi-tion, Stata multiple regression models are used for the effect of customer satisfac-tion on customer loyalty.
Immune checkpoint blockade therapies have shown clinical promise in a variety of cancers, but how tumor-infiltrating T cells are activated remains unclear. In this study, we explore the functions of ...PD-L1 on dendritic cells (DCs), which highly express PD-L1. We observe that PD-L1 on DC plays a critical role in limiting T cell responses. Type 1 conventional DCs are essential for PD-L1 blockade and they upregulate PD-L1 upon antigen uptake. Upregulation of PD-L1 on DC is mediated by type II interferon. While DCs are the major antigen presenting cells for cross-presenting tumor antigens to T cells, subsequent PD-L1 upregulation protects them from killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes, yet dampens the antitumor responses. Blocking PD-L1 in established tumors promotes re-activation of tumor-infiltrating T cells for tumor control. Our study identifies a critical and dynamic role of PD-L1 on DC, which needs to be harnessed for better invigoration of antitumor immune responses.
Abstract
Motivation
Gene Ontology (GO) has been widely used to annotate functions of proteins and understand their biological roles. Currently only <1% of >70 million proteins in UniProtKB have ...experimental GO annotations, implying the strong necessity of automated function prediction (AFP) of proteins, where AFP is a hard multilabel classification problem due to one protein with a diverse number of GO terms. Most of these proteins have only sequences as input information, indicating the importance of sequence-based AFP (SAFP: sequences are the only input). Furthermore, homology-based SAFP tools are competitive in AFP competitions, while they do not necessarily work well for so-called difficult proteins, which have <60% sequence identity to proteins with annotations already. Thus, the vital and challenging problem now is how to develop a method for SAFP, particularly for difficult proteins.
Methods
The key of this method is to extract not only homology information but also diverse, deep-rooted information/evidence from sequence inputs and integrate them into a predictor in a both effective and efficient manner. We propose GOLabeler, which integrates five component classifiers, trained from different features, including GO term frequency, sequence alignment, amino acid trigram, domains and motifs, and biophysical properties, etc., in the framework of learning to rank (LTR), a paradigm of machine learning, especially powerful for multilabel classification.
Results
The empirical results obtained by examining GOLabeler extensively and thoroughly by using large-scale datasets revealed numerous favorable aspects of GOLabeler, including significant performance advantage over state-of-the-art AFP methods.
Availability and implementation
http://datamining-iip.fudan.edu.cn/golabeler.
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Due to the rapid pace of urbanization in China, there has been a significant increase in construction work, which has resulted in the generation of more waste. Reducing the waste at source is the ...most efficient way to reduce its negative impacts, and prefabrication is a construction method that does exactly that. Since prefabricated construction generates less waste compared to conventional cast-in-situ construction, it is being promoted by the Chinese government. This study investigates the benefits of prefabrication and quantifies the percentage of construction waste reduction through its application in China. It does so by using a 26-storey concrete-brick residential building as a case study, and by conducting uncertainty analysis with Oracle Crystal Ball simulation software to assess the reduction of waste when using prefabricated components in place of cast-in-situ elements. Simulation results demonstrated that the waste generation rate for in-situ timber formwork and masonry work was 10.52 and 4.77 kg/m
2
respectively, and that the use of prefabricated components reduced those figures by 36.04% and 25.53% respectively. This study quantifies the benefits of prefabrication as a method for reducing the generation of construction waste in China. Not only would extensive use of prefabrication decrease the cost related to construction waste management in China, but it could also mitigate the environmental and social impacts of construction waste globally.
Traditional nonintelligent signal control systems are typically used in road traffic signal systems, which cannot provide optimal guidance and have low traffic efficiency during rush hour. This study ...proposes a traffic signal phase dynamic timing optimization strategy based on a time convolution network and attention mechanism to improve traffic efficiency at intersections. The corresponding optimization was performed after predicting traffic conditions with different impacts using the digital twinning technique. This method uses a time-convolution network to extract the cross-time nonlinear characteristics of traffic data at road intersections. An attention mechanism was introduced to capture the relationship between the importance distribution and duration of the historical time series to predict the traffic flow at an intersection. The interpretability and prediction accuracy of the model was effectively improved. The model was tested using traffic flow data from a signalized intersection in Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, China. The experimental results indicate that the model generated by training has a strong learning ability for the temporal characteristics of traffic flow. The model has high prediction accuracy, good optimization results, and wide application prospects in different scenarios.
2D transition metal dichalcogenide (2D‐TMD) materials and their van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) have inspired worldwide efforts in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. However, ...photodetectors based on 2D/2D vdWHs suffer from performance limitations due to the weak optical absorption of their atomically thin nature. In this work, taking advantage of an excellent light absorption coefficient, low‐temperature solution‐processability, and long charge carrier diffusion length, all‐inorganic halides perovskite CsPbI3−xBrx quantum dots are integrated with monolayer MoS2 for high‐performance and low‐cost photodetectors. A favorable energy band alignment facilitating interfacial photocarrier separation and efficient carrier injection into the MoS2 layer inside the 0D–2D mixed‐dimensional vdWHs are confirmed by a series of optical characterizations. Owing to the synergistic effect of the photogating mechanism and the modulation of Schottky barriers, the corresponding phototransistor exhibits a high photoresponsivity of 7.7 × 104 A W−1, a specific detectivity of ≈5.6 × 1011 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency exceeding 107%. The demonstration of such 0D–2D mixed‐dimensional heterostructures proposed here would open up a wide realm of opportunities for designing low‐cost, flexible transparent, and high‐performance optoelectronics.
All‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots are integrated with monolayer MoS2 for a high‐performance and low‐cost photodetector. Owing to the synergistic effect of the photogating mechanism and Schottky barriers modulation, this type‐II band alignment 0D–2D mixed‐dimensional van der Waals heterostructured phototransistor exhibits a high photoresponsivity of 7.7 × 104 A W−1, a specific detectivity of ≈5.6 × 1011 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency exceeding 107%.
Ground-level ozone (O
) pollution is currently the one of the severe environmental problems in China. Although existing studies have quantified the O
-related health impact and economic loss, few ...have focused on the acute health effects of short-term exposure to O
and have been limited to a single temporal and spatial dimension.
Based on the O
concentration obtained from ground monitoring networks in 334 Chinese cities in 2015-2018, this study used a two-stage exposure parameter weighted Log-linear exposure-response function to estimate the cause-specific mortality for short-term exposure to O
.
The value of statistical life (VSL) method that were used to calculate the economic loss at the city-level. Our results show that in China, the national all-cause mortality attributed to O
was 0.27(95% CI: 0.14-0.55) to 0.39 (95% CI: 0.20-0.67) million across 2015-2018. The estimated economic loss caused by O
was 387.76 (95% CI: 195.99-904.50) to 594.08 (95% CI: 303.34-1140.65) billion CNY, accounting for 0.52 to 0.69% of total reported GDP. Overall, the O
attributed health and economic burden has begun to decline in China since 2017. However, highly polluted areas still face severe burden, and undeveloped areas suffer from high GDP losses.
There are substantial health impacts and economic losses related to short-term O
exposure in China. The government should pay attention to the emerging ozone pollution, and continue to strengthen the intervention in traditional priority areas while solving the pollution problem in non-priority areas.
ABSTRACTA vulnerability assessment model and indicator system for the changes in the cryosphere in the Western Sichuan Plateau are constructed based on the “exposure–sensitivity–adaptive capacity” ...framework. The model aims to capture the multiple characteristics of vulnerability to cryosphere changes in the region by selecting influencing factors from three dimensions: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Furthermore, the study explores the interrelationships among vulnerability dimensions and employs geographical detectors to analyze the driving mechanisms of vulnerability. The ultimate goal is to provide a scientific and rational basis for developing effective adaptation strategies to prevent and mitigate cryosphere-related disasters in the area. The main findings are as follows: (1) The vulnerability to cryosphere changes in the Western Sichuan Plateau exhibits a distribution pattern characterized by higher vulnerability in the west and lower vulnerability in the east. (2) There is a significant correlation between vulnerability and geographical location, characterized by two types of distribution patterns: high–high aggregation and low–low aggregation. The aggregation patterns are relatively stable but exhibit spatial heterogeneity. (3) The vulnerability to cryosphere changes in the Western Sichuan Plateau is the combined result of natural geographical conditions, socioeconomic development levels, and other factors.
In oceanographic study, satellite-based sea surface temperature (SST) retrieval has always been the focus of researchers. This paper investigates several multi-channel SST retrieval algorithms for ...the thermal infrared band, and evaluates the accuracy of the COCTS/HY-1C SST products. NEAR-GOOS in situ SST data are utilized for validation and improvement, and a three-step matching procedure including geographic location screening, cloud masking, and homogeneity check is conducted to match in situ SST data with satellite SST data. Two improvement schemes, including nonlinear regression and regularization iteration, are proposed to improve the accuracy of the COCTS/HY-1C SST products and the typical application scenarios and the algorithm characteristics of these two schemes are discussed. The standard deviation of residual between retrieved SST and measured SST for these two data improvement algorithms, which are considered as the main indexes for assessment, result in an improvement of 13.245% and 14.096%, respectively. In addition, the generalization ability of the SST models under two data improvement methods is quantitatively compared, and the factors affecting the model accuracy are also carefully evaluated, including the in situ data acquisition method and measurement time (day/night). Finally, future works about SST retrieval with COCTS/HY-1C satellite data are summarized.
PDF
