Highlights • Cx26 deletion after birth can lead to late-onset, progressive hearing loss. • The deletion leads to hearing loss by the reduction of active cochlear amplification. • The deletion shifts ...outer hair cell NLC to reduce active amplification. • This study provides a new deafness mechanism due to Cx26 deficiency.
•Thermophysical heat storage combining sensible and latent heat storage is reviewed.•Performance evaluation of thermal energy storage is improved.•Universal technical characteristics and performance ...enhancement are analyzed.•Working principles, developments and challenges for different applications are discussed.
The role of energy storage is to resolve the time-scale mismatch between supply and demand, which plays a key role in high-efficiency and low-carbon energy systems. Based on broad thermal demands, thermal energy storage technologies with high energy density and low cost tend to have greater market potential than the electrochemical batteries. Among them, sensible heat and latent heat storage have been commercialized partly and are closely related. This article presents a comprehensive review of thermophysical heat storage combining sensible heat and latent heat storage, to exploit the available sensible heat when using latent heat of PCMs and maximize the stored thermophysical heat or energy density. Performance evaluation is improved by considering transient and variable operating conditions. The universal technical characteristics and performance enhancement are analyzed. Moreover, the specific working principles, developments, and challenges for cooling, heating, and power generation are discussed.
This paper explores the influence of the confining stress on rock fragmentation under the cutter of tunnel boring machine (TBM) by indentation test. Acoustic emission (AE) system was employed for ...real-time monitoring the rock fragmentation process during the indentation test. Granite and marble samples were used in the indentation test. The rock fragmentation processes with the different confining stress levels was studied based on the characteristics of force–penetration depth curve and the AE parameters, including AE energy rate, hit counts, amplitude and location of AE events. After the indentation test, the rock samples were cut along the centerline of rock samples and subsequently the crack distribution and the size of crushed zone were measured. The test results showed that the force for crack initiation and crushed zone size increased with increasing confining stress. The cracks tend to propagate to the free surface as the confining stress increases. But for the marble samples, there exists a critical confining stress condition, such that if the confining stress is more than the critical value, the force for crack initiation and crushed zone size decrease dramatically. Moreover, it was found that rock slabbing induced by confining stress had occurred before TBM cutter indentation. Such confining stress condition promotes rock fragmentation.
•Influence of confining stress on rock fragmentation by a TBM cutter is studied by indentation test.•AE technique is used for real-time monitoring rock fragmentation during indentation test.•The damage zone and crack distribution are observed by the cross-section of the failed samples.
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•Ore-forming element associations were established by PCA.•Anomaly components were extracted by SVD.•Ore-propecting targets were identified based on the anomaly components.
...Multi-stage geological processes (i.e. magma and hydrothermal processes) produce generally regional and local element concentration anomalies of ore-forming elements. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can be applied to establish various types of ore-forming element associations, which can be further divided into two different anomalous components with the help of the Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). One can be defined as a regional geochemical anomaly generated by geological processes (i.e. magmatism); and the other can be regarded as a local geochemical anomaly created by ore forming events. Three aspects are illustrated in this paper: (a) The ore-forming element associations are established by PCA; (b) The geochemical anomaly components created by both magmatism and hydrothermal ore-forming processes are respectively identified by the SVD from the ore-forming element associations; and (c) The regional and the local geochemical anomalies are delineated using the geochemical anomaly components corresponding to different eigenspaces. The PCA and SVD methods were applied gold polymetallic ore-prospecting target areas and molybdenum polymetallic ore-prospecting target areas in the Jiaodong gold cluster area, China by delineating their regional and local geochemical anomalies. The results show that the SVD can extract not only the regional anomalies associated with magmatism, but also the local anomalies related to the hydrothermal processes from multi-element associations produced by PCA.
Background
Patients undergoing major non‐cardiac surgery are at risk of cardiovascular complications. Raised levels of high‐sensitivity troponin are frequently detected before operation among these ...patients. However, the prognostic value of high‐sensitivity troponin in predicting postoperative outcomes remains unclear.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Science Citation Index Expanded was undertaken for observational studies published before March 2018 that reported associations between raised preoperative levels of high‐sensitivity troponin and postoperative major adverse cardiac events and/or mortality after non‐cardiac surgery. Meta‐analyses were performed, where possible, using random‐effects models.
Results
Seven cohort studies with a total of 4836 patients were included. A raised preoperative high‐sensitivity troponin level was associated with a higher risk of short‐term major adverse cardiac events (risk ratio (RR) 2·92, 95 per cent c.i. 1·96 to 4·37; I2 = 82·6 per cent), short‐term mortality (RR 5·39, 3·21 to 9·06; I2 = 0 per cent) and long‐term mortality (RR 2·90, 1·83 to 4·59, I2 = 74·2 per cent). The addition of preoperative high‐sensitivity troponin measurement provided improvements in cardiovascular risk discrimination (increase in C‐index ranged from 0·058 to 0·109) and classification (quantified by continuous net reclassification improvement) compared with Lee's Revised Cardiac Risk Index alone. There was substantial heterogeneity and inadequate risk stratification analysis in the included studies.
Conclusion
Raised preoperative levels of high‐sensitivity troponin appear to represent a risk for postoperative major adverse cardiac events and mortality. Further study is required before high‐sensitivity troponin can be used to predict risk stratification in routine clinical practice.
Antecedentes
Los pacientes a los que se realiza una cirugía mayor no cardíaca tienen riesgo de presentar complicaciones cardiovasculares. En estos pacientes se observan con frecuencia niveles preoperatorios elevados de troponina de alta sensibilidad (high‐sensitivity troponin, hs‐cTn). Sin embargo, el valor pronóstico de la hs‐cTn para predecir los resultados postoperatorios no está bien definido.
Métodos
Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, EMBASE y Science Citation Index Expanded de estudios observacionales publicados antes de marzo de 2018 que analizasen la posible relación de los niveles elevados preoperatorios de hs‐cTn y los efectos adversos graves de tipo cardíaco (major adverse cardiac events, MACE) postoperatorios y/o la mortalidad después de la cirugía no cardíaca. Se realizó el metaanálisis utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios siempre que fuera posible.
Resultados
Se incluyeron siete estudios de cohortes con un total de 4.836 pacientes. La elevación preoperatoria de hs‐cTn se asoció con un mayor riesgo de MACE a corto plazo (tasa de riesgo, risk ratio, RR 2,92, i.c. del 95% 1,96‐4,37, I2 = 82,6%) y con la mortalidad a corto plazo (RR 5,39, i.c. del 95 % 3,21‐9,06, I2 = 0%) y a largo plazo (RR 2,90, i.c. del 95% 1,83‐4,59, I2 = 74,2%). Añadir la medición preoperatoria de hs‐cTn mejoró la capacidad discriminativa para el riesgo cardiovascular (aumento de 5,8% a 10,9% en el índice C) y también la clasificación de los pacientes (cuantificada mediante el índice de reclasificación neta continua) en comparación con el uso de solo el índice de riesgo cardíaco revisado de Lee. En los estudios incluidos, hubo gran heterogeneidad y análisis inadecuado de la estratificación del riesgo.
Conclusión
Los niveles preoperatorios elevados de troponina de alta sensibilidad parecen ser un marcador de riesgo de efectos adversos graves de tipo cardíaco en el postoperatorio y de mortalidad. Se requieren más estudios antes de utilizar la troponina de alta sensibilidad para la estratificación del riesgo en la práctica clínica rutinaria.
This systematic review and meta‐analysis explored the prognostic implication of preoperative high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs‐cTn) level in patients undergoing non‐cardiac surgery who are at risk of cardiovascular complications. An increase in preoperative hs‐cTn level was identified as a risk marker for postoperative major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and death. Further study is required before hs‐cTn assays could be used for routine preoperative risk stratification.
High‐sensitivity cardiac troponin appears useful
The influence of the new mass model Weizsäcker-Skyrme 4 (WS4) on the r-process abundance distribution is investigated using the site-independent classical r-process and the site-dependent dynamical ...r-process models. The dynamical r-process calculations are performed under the neutrino-driven wind scenario. In comparison with the finite-range droplet model (FRDM) often used in r-process calculations, better agreement between the calculated abundance and the observed solar r-process abundance is found in both the classical and dynamical calculations by using the mass model WS4. The abundance underestimations at the A ∼ 115, 140, and 200 mass regions encountered with the calculations using the FRDM is overcome to a large extent by using WS4.
Due to its wide scope, rapid development and high hazard, remote sensing images with a single time phase and local area coverage cannot meet the needs of large-scale flood detection. The problem of ...large-scale flooding emergency detection can be well solved by using Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, which has the characteristics of fast data computing speed, easy image retrieval and rich remote sensing data. In this paper, we propose a method for flood detection using Sentienl-1 imagery based on the GEE platform, which can quickly accomplish a large scale flood detection. The method was validated in a flooding event that occurred around the Pearl River basin, China in June 2022. It shown that using the proposed method can not only meet the needs of basin-wide flood detection, but also extract information on the temporal dimension of the flood development status.
We present a new gas-grain chemical model to constrain the effect of grain size distribution on molecular abundances in physical conditions corresponding to starless and pre-stellar cores. We ...simultaneously introduce grain-size dependence for desorption efficiency induced by cosmic rays (CRs) and for grain equilibrium temperatures. The latter were calculated with a radiative transfer code via custom dust models built for the present work. We explicitly tracked of ice abundances on a set of grain populations. We find that the size-dependent CR desorption efficiency affects ice abundances in a highly nontrivial way that depends on the molecule. Species that originate in the gas phase, such as CO, follow a simple pattern in which the ice abundance is highest on the smallest grains and these are the most abundant in the distribution. Some molecules, such as HCN, are instead concentrated on large grains throughout the time evolution; others, such as N
2
, are initially concentrated on large grains, but at late times on small grains because of grain-size-dependent competition between desorption and hydrogenation. Most of the water ice is on small grains at high medium density (
n
(H
2
) ≳ 10
6
cm
−3
), where the water ice fraction, with respect to the total water ice reservoir, can be as low as ~10
−3
on large (>0.1
μ
m) grains. Allowing the grain equilibrium temperature to vary with grain size induces strong variations in relative ice abundances in low-density conditions in which the interstellar radiation field and in particular its ultraviolet component are not attenuated. Our study implies consequences not only for the initial formation of ices preceding the starless core stage, but also for the relative ice abundances on the grain populations going into the protostellar stage. In particular, if the smallest grains can lose their mantles owing to grain-grain collisions as the core is collapsing, the ice composition in the beginning of the protostellar stage could be very different than in the pre-collapse phase because the ice composition depends strongly on the grain size.
With the popularization of cerebrovascular imaging technology, the clinical detection rate of unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) is increasing. UIA has a low risk of rupture, but once ruptured, ...it can seriously affect human health. The treatment of UIA is highly controversial and has attracted widespread clinical attention. The Society of Neurosurgery of the Chinese Medical Association, the Society of Cerebrovascular Surgery of the Chinese Stroke Association, the National Center for Neurological Diseases, and the National Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases jointly formulate "Chinese guideline for the clinical management of patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm management (2024)", which adopts a modular format, highlighting management recommendations and indicating current research deficiencies and future research directions. It provides comprehensive clinical management recommendations on UIA epidemiology, population screening, clinical imaging and diagnosis, rupture risk asses
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