Purpose
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is now well known as one of the major risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD). Currently, there are several methods used to define MetS. The aim of this study ...was to determine to what extent current MetS definition reflects CHD risk using the probability of CHD in 10 years based on Framingham risk score algorithms.
Methods
A total of 7575 adults, aged 16–93 years (2532 men and 5043 women), were recruited. We conducted a cross-sectional health survey in China using MetS criteria from four different definitions: modified National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III), International Diabetes Federation (IDF), Chinese and Japanese.
Results
Differences in the prevalence of MetS by each definition were small in males (22.9–25.9 %), whereas in females, MetS was three times more prevalent using the IDF definition (29.1 %) versus the Japanese definition (9.7 %). Framingham risk scores in participants with MetS were significantly higher than in those without MetS by all definition criteria (
p
< 0.001). The CHD risk scores for participants with MetS by each definition showed similar values in males (range 11.5–12.1 %) with no significant differences among definitions. Conversely, in females with MetS the risk score for CHD was low (range 3.5–4.3 %) by each MetS definition.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that further studies are required to establish appropriate criteria of MetS in females.
Chemically protected sodium butyrate (CSB) is a new kind of sodium butyrate. Our previous study found that 1,000 mg/kg of CSB had the potential capacity of improving growth performance and promoting ...early development of small intestine in broilers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-term antibiotics or CSB supplementation for intestinal microflora dynamical regulation in broilers. One hundred ninety-two 1-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allocated into 3 dietary treatment (8 replicates per treatment) and fed with a basal diet (CON), a diet supplemented with the antibiotics (enramycin, 8 mg/kg and aureomycin, 100 mg/kg) (ANT), or a diet supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg of CSB, respectively. Results showed that dietary supplementation of CSB or ANT treatment elevated the weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.05), as compared with control (CON) group. Additionally, CON, CSB, or ANT administration dynamically altered the gut microbiota composition as time goes on. The increased presence of potential pathogens, such as Romboutsia and Shuttleworthia, and decreased beneficial bacteria such as Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Bacteroides were verified in new gut homeostasis reshaped by long-term antibiotics treatment, which has adverse effects on intestinal development and health of broilers. Conversely, CSB supplementation could dynamically enhance the relative abundance of Bacteroides, and decrease Romboutsia and Shuttleworthia in new microflora, which has positive effects on intestinal bacteria of broilers compared with CON group. Meanwhile, CSB supplementation was significantly increased the concentration of propionic acid and total short chain fatty acids (total SCFA; P < 0.05) in comparison with CON and ANT groups. Moreover, CSB treatment significantly increased anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacities (P < 0.05) of broilers compared with ANT group. Taken together, we revealed characteristic structural changes of gut microbiota throughout long-term CSB or ANT supplementation in broilers, which provided a basic data for evaluating the mechanism of action affecting intestinal health by CSB or ANT administration and CSB as an alternative to antibiotics in the broilers industry.
In this work, the artificial neural network model and statistical regression model are established and utilized for predicting the fiber diameter of spunbonding nonwovens from the process parameters. ...The artificial neural network model has good approximation capability and fast convergence rate, which is used in this research. The results show the artificial neural network model can provide quantitative predictions of fiber diameter and yield more accurate and stable predictions than the statistical regression model, which reveals that the artificial neural network model is based on the inherent principles, and it can yield reasonably good prediction results and provide insight into the relationship between process parameters and fiber diameter.
The extension of the cosmic-ray spectrum beyond 1 petaelectronvolt (PeV; 10
electronvolts) indicates the existence of the so-called PeVatrons-cosmic-ray factories that accelerate particles to PeV ...energies. We need to locate and identify such objects to find the origin of Galactic cosmic rays
. The principal signature of both electron and proton PeVatrons is ultrahigh-energy (exceeding 100 TeV) γ radiation. Evidence of the presence of a proton PeVatron has been found in the Galactic Centre, according to the detection of a hard-spectrum radiation extending to 0.04 PeV (ref.
). Although γ-rays with energies slightly higher than 0.1 PeV have been reported from a few objects in the Galactic plane
, unbiased identification and in-depth exploration of PeVatrons requires detection of γ-rays with energies well above 0.1 PeV. Here we report the detection of more than 530 photons at energies above 100 teraelectronvolts and up to 1.4 PeV from 12 ultrahigh-energy γ-ray sources with a statistical significance greater than seven standard deviations. Despite having several potential counterparts in their proximity, including pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants and star-forming regions, the PeVatrons responsible for the ultrahigh-energy γ-rays have not yet been firmly localized and identified (except for the Crab Nebula), leaving open the origin of these extreme accelerators.
We report the picosecond spin current generation from the interface between a heavy metal and a vicinal antiferromagnet insulator Cr_{2}O_{3} by laser pulses at room temperature and zero magnetic ...field. It is converted into a detectable terahertz emission in the heavy metal via the inverse spin Hall effect. The vicinal interfaces are apparently the source of the picosecond spin current, as evidenced by the proportional terahertz signals to the vicinal angle. We attribute the origin of the spin current to the transient magnetic moment generated by an interfacial nonlinear magnetic-dipole difference-frequency generation. We propose a model based on the in-plane inversion symmetry breaking to quantitatively explain the terahertz intensity with respect to the angles of the laser polarization and the film azimuth. Our work opens new opportunities in antiferromagnetic and ultrafast spintronics by considering symmetry breaking.
Formation of particle clouds Zhao, B.; Law, A. W. K.; Adams, E. E. ...
Journal of fluid mechanics,
05/2014, Letnik:
746
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In the literature, it has been conceptualized that a group of dense particles released instantaneously into homogeneous stagnant water would form a circulating vortex cloud and descend through the ...water column as a thermal. However, Wen & Nacamuli (Hydrodynamics: Theory and Applications, 1996, pp. 1275–1280) observed the formation of particle clumps characterized by a narrow, fast-moving core shedding particles into the wake. They found clump formation to be possible even for particles in the non-cohesive range as long as the source Rayleigh number was large (
$\mathit{Ra} > {10^3}$
) or, equivalently, the source cloud number was small (
$\mathit{Nc} < 3.2 \times 10^{-2}$
). This physical phenomenon has not been investigated further since the experiments of Wen and Nacamuli. In the present study, the relationship between Nc and the formation process is examined more systematically. The theoretical support for cloud number dependence is explored by considering flows passing a porous sphere. Here
$\mathit{Nc}$
values ranging from
$2.9 \times 10^{-3}$
to
$5.9 \times 10^{-2}$
are tested experimentally using particles with different initial masses and grain sizes, from non-cohesive to marginally cohesive. The formation processes are categorized into cloud formation, a transitional regime and clump formation, and their distinct features are presented through qualitative description of the flow patterns and quantitative assessment of the gross characteristics.
•We have successfully synthesized a new layered manganese oxyselenide (SrF)2Mn2OSe2.•The resistivity (at 300 K) decreases three orders of magnitude than it of (BaF)2Mn2OSe2.•The large discrepancy ...between Ep and Es indicates its polaronic transport type.•The compound has strong frustrated magnetic correlation.•A short-range to long-range antiferromagnetic phase transition is observed at about 141K.
Layered manganese oxyselenide Sr2F2Mn2Se2O was predicted from the stacking of the fluorite type block Sr2F22+ alternating regularly with the anti-CuO2-type Mn2O square planar layer and successfully synthesized using solid state reaction under vacuum. The compound crystallizes in the layered tetragonal structure with I4/mmm space group and shows a semiconducting behavior. The large discrepancy between activation energy for conductivity, Eρ=205meV, and thermopower, ES=41.7meV, indicates its polaronic transport type. The compound has strong frustrated magnetic correlation, which gives rise to low-dimensional short-range ordering at high temperature with a small-angle canted antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin lattice. Furthermore, a short-range to long-range AFM phase transition is observed at about 141K, in accord with the small heat capacity anomaly.
A novel photocatalysis and gas sensing material was synthesized by decorating Au nanoparticles on tungsten trioxide nanorods. Tungsten trioxide nanorods were prepared through the ion-exchange method ...combined with hydrothermal treatment and further modified with Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). After Au NPs decorated on the surface of WO3 nanorods (WO3 NRs), the reducing gas (hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, etc.) sensing properties and the photocatalytic performance of rhodamine B (RhB) were all greatly improved. Au NP modified WO3 nanorods (Au NP@WO3 NRs) exhibit not only larger response (H2 50 ppm, recovery time lower than 10 s) and better selectivity (Ra/Rg = 6.6) for H2 gas detection than pure WO3 NRs but also high photocatalytic properties for the absolute degradation of RhB under simulated sunlight irradiation for 120 min.
Single-phase Bi0.85La0.15FeO3 ceramics were synthesized under various magnetic fields (Ha=0T, 3T, 5T). Substantially reduced leakage current and hence modified ferroelectric (FE) properties were ...obtained with magnetic field annealing (MA). The largest magnetization and lowest leakage current with large FE polarization (Pr∼33μC/cm2) were found in the sample annealed with Ha=3T. Great changes were also observed in the Raman spectra. All the observed features originate mainly from the different FE domain wall structures induced by MA. These results demonstrate that MA is an effective way to tune the multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties in BiFeO3-based materials.
Bright field TEM micrograph of the representative domain structures in the samples (a) BLF0, (b) BLF3 and (c) BLF5. Display omitted
► Bi0.85La0.15FeO3 ceramics were synthesized under various magnetic fields. ► Substantially reduced leakage current with improved ferroelectricity were obtained. ► Enhanced magnetization with moderate annealing magnetic field
Summary Objective Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), formerly known as congenital dislocation of the hip, comprises a spectrum of abnormalities, including abnormal acetabular shape (dysplasia) ...and malposition of the femoral head during embryonic, fetal and infantile growth periods. Genetic factors play a considerable role in the pathogenesis of DDH. As a key regulator for the hindlimb outgrowth and identification, Tbx4 may be involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of DDH. Our objective is to evaluate whether the Tbx4 (rs3744438 and rs3744448) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with DDH in Chinese. Method The Tbx4 SNPs were genotyped in 505 children with DDH and 551 control subjects and their association was evaluated statistically. Results Rs3744438 was not associated with DDH. Rs3744448 was significantly associated with DDH in the dominant genetic model of males ( P = 0.039; odds ratio (OR) = 0.56; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.32–0.97) and allele G was significantly lower in patients than controls compared with allele C ( P = 0.02; OR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.37–0.92). After adjusted for gender, we discovered a significant association with hip dislocation in the dominant genetic model when stratified by severity ( P = 0.03; OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.55–0.97), but not with subluxation and instability. Conclusions Tbx4 tends to play an important role in the aetiology of DDH.
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