To study the potential use of sodium bicarbonate in low-salt pork batters, the gel properties, rheology and water holding capacity of pork batters with various amounts of sodium chloride (0.7–1.74%) ...and sodium bicarbonate (0–0.42%) were investigated. The results showed that the pH, salt-soluble protein concentration, cooking yield, b* values and G′ values at 80 °C were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the batters with sodium bicarbonate. Their textural properties were significantly (P < 0.05) increased, except for 0.42% sodium bicarbonate. Partial replacement of sodium chloride by sodium bicarbonate increased the denaturation temperature of the myosin tails, and the relaxation times of T2b, T21 and T22 were faster (P < 0.05). The mobility of the water was lower, and the immobilized water was increased, except at 0.42% sodium bicarbonate. Excessive addition of sodium bicarbonate produced carbon dioxide that destroyed the gel structure during heating. Overall, partial replacement of sodium chloride by sodium bicarbonate enabled low-salt pork batters to have a better water holding capacity and textural properties.
•Adding sodium bicarbonate up to 0.28% increased the SSP and texture properties.•The addition of sodium bicarbonate increased the cooking yield and quickened T2b, T21 and T22.•Adding sodium bicarbonate increased the thermal stability of the myosin tails.•The addition of sodium bicarbonate could lower the salt content of pork batters while maintaining good quality.
CUDC-907 is a novel dual-acting inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). In this study, we aimed to explore the anticancer effects of CUDC-907 on human breast ...cancer cells. Our results showed that CUDC-907 effectively inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that CUDC-907 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. The combined treatment of CUDC-907 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resulted in a marked increase in apoptosis and cleavage of caspase-8, −9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in breast cancer cells. CUDC-907 enhanced expressions of death receptor 5 (DR5), reduced the levels of anti-apoptotic molecules XIAP, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Knockdown of DR5 abrogated apoptosis induced by the combination of CUDC-907 and TRAIL in breast cancer cells. CUDC-907 increased the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. JNK inhibitor pretreatment attenuated CUDC-907-induced upregulation of DR5. In summary, CUDC-907 shows potent cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells and facilitates TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through DR5 upregulation. The combination of CUDC-907 and TRAIL may be a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of breast cancer.
Lithium-ion hybrid capacitors (LIHCs) have drawn extensive attention in field of energy storage. However, the absence of appropriate electrode materials with rapid kinetics restricted the overall ...performance of the capacitors. Herein, hierarchical N, P-codoped hollow carbon nanospheres coupling with WS
2
nanosheets (N, P-codoped HCNS/WS
2
NSs) were fabricated for boosting lithium storage materials. Specially, the WS
2
nanosheets with several layers embedded in the N, P-codoped hollow carbon nanospheres could not only enhance the conductivity of composites, but also provide abundant channels for the rapid transfer of ions. As a result, as-prepared N, P-codoped HCNS/WS
2
NSs demonstrated superior rate performance and long-term cycling stability. The reversible discharge capacity of 725.2 mAh·g
−1
could be preserved after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A·g
−1
. Furthermore, LIHCs devices were assembled by using N, P-codoped HCNS/WS
2
NSs and activated carbon (AC) as the cathode and anode, which exhibited high energy density of 166.7 Wh·kg
−1
and power density of 5312.4 W·kg
−1
. Last but not least, the capacity almost had no obvious deterioration after 6000 cycles at a high current density of 10.0 A·g
−1
.
Graphic abstract
A novel sequential convex (SCvx) optimization scheme via the Chebyshev pseudospectral method is proposed for efficiently solving the hypersonic reentry trajectory optimization problem which is highly ...constrained by heat flux, dynamic pressure, normal load, and multiple no-fly zones. The Chebyshev-Gauss Legend (CGL) node points are used to transcribe the original dynamic constraint into algebraic equality constraint; therefore, a nonlinear programming (NLP) problem is concave and time-consuming to be solved. The iterative linearization and convexification techniques are proposed to convert the concave constraints into convex constraints; therefore, a sequential convex programming problem can be efficiently solved by convex algorithms. Numerical results and a comparison study reveal that the proposed method is efficient and effective to solve the problem of reentry trajectory optimization with multiple constraints.
Atmospheric motion vectors, which can be used to infer wind speed and direction based on the trajectory of cloud movement, are instrumental in enhancing atmospheric wind-field insights, contributing ...notably to wind-field optimization and forecasting. However, a widespread problem with vector data is their inaccuracy, which, when coupled with the mediocre effectiveness of existing correction methods, limits their practical utility in forecasting, often falling short of expectations. Deep-learning techniques are used to refine atmospheric motion vector data from the FY-4A satellite, notably enhancing data quality. Post-training data undergoes a thorough analysis using a quality evaluation function, followed by its integration into a numerical weather prediction system in order to conduct forecasting experiments. Results indicate a marked improvement in data quality post-error correction by the model, characterized by a significant reduction in root mean square error and a notable increase in correlation coefficients. Furthermore, refined data demonstrate a considerable enhancement in the accuracy of meteorological element forecasts, particularly for Asian and Western Pacific regions.
•Soil pH affected the heterotrophic nitrification process.•Low pH increased gross heterotrophic nitrification rate and its contribution to NO3– production.•pH induced changes in fungal abundance and ...composition.•Soil fungi were the dominant heterotrophic nitrifiers in acidic soils.•Phialocephala, Chloridium, and Tararomyces might affect heterotrophic nitrification.
Heterotrophic nitrification occurs extensively and is important for NO3– production in acidic soils. However, whether low soil pH stimulates heterotrophic nitrification is unknown and the potential microbial driver is unclear. Thus, a pH gradient (3.5, 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5) was manipulated in forest (SF with initial pH 4.5) and cropland (SC with initial pH 5.5) soils in subtropical China to illustrate the effect of soil pH on heterotrophic nitrification. After 30 days of pH regulation, 1% C2H2 was used to inhibit autotrophic nitrification and reveal heterotrophic nitrification via 15N-labelling experiments. During 30 days of pH regulation, soil microbial properties (e.g. gene abundance and composition of fungi and bacteria) were also determined to study the potential microbial driver of heterotrophic nitrification. The results showed that the gross heterotrophic nitrification rates increased from <0.3 mg N kg−1 day−1 in the pH 7.5 treatments to >1 mg N kg−1 day−1 in the pH 3.5 treatments, and the contribution of heterotrophic nitrification to the total nitrification was enhanced to more than 60% in the low pH treatments in both SF and SC. With soil acidification, more organic than inorganic N substrate was used in heterotrophic nitrification. Fungi showed a positive correlation with the gross heterotrophic nitrification rate (P < 0.01) and with the contribution of heterotrophic 15N-NO3– production to total 15N-NO3– production (P < 0.01), suggesting that fungi were the dominant heterotrophic nitrifiers in acidic soils. In addition, Phialocephala, Chloridium, and Tararomyces may have the potential for heterotrophic nitrification in our studied acidic soils. The present study suggested the decreasing soil pH could affect fungal abundance and composition, in turn, stimulate heterotrophic nitrification after a short term of pH regulation.
Aiming at the problem of coadjustment of blast furnace raw materials and operation parameters, this paper proposes a cooptimization model of blast furnace batching that integrates Random Forest and ...NSGA-III (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III) algorithm. First, blast furnace field data were collected for a two-year time span, and a predictive model for CO2 emissions and blast furnace permeability was constructed using the Random Forest algorithm; taking the goodness of fit (R2), mean square error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) as the evaluation indexes, the R2 of the two prediction models obtained reached 0.93 and 0.96 respectively, and the MSE and MAE tended to be close to the zero value. Then, NSGA-III was used to establish the blast furnace batching optimization model to optimally solve the batching scheme and the corresponding blast furnace operating parameters by taking the lowest batching cost, the lowest carbon dioxide emission and the maximum blast furnace permeability as the objective function, and the composition requirement of raw materials and the range limitation of operating parameters as the constraints; finally, the model was validated using the actual on-site data, and the application results showed that the output of the model conformed to the Finally, the results show that the model output meets the composition requirements and obtains a lower-cost dosage scheme than the original dosage ratio; moreover, this scheme corresponds to a blast furnace with less carbon dioxide emission, better blast furnace permeability and less slag. Therefore, the model can provide an effective reference for field operators to optimize blast furnace batching and operation.
This paper investigates incremental passivity and output regulation for switched discrete-time systems. We develop the results in two parts. First of all, a concept of incremental passivity is ...proposed to describe the overall incremental passivity property of a switched discrete-time system in the absence of the classic incremental passivity property of the subsystems. A condition for incremental passivity is given. A certain negative output feedback is designed to produce asymptotic stability. Incremental passivity is shown to be preserved under feedback interconnection. The second part of this paper is concerned with an application of the incremental passivity theory to the output regulation problem for switched discrete-time systems. The key idea is to construct a switched internal model with incremental passivity, which closely links the solvability of the output regulation problem. A characteristic of the switched internal model is that it does not necessarily switch synchronously with the controlled plant, which greatly increases the freedom of design. Once such a switched internal model is established, the output regulation problem is then solved by construction of the feedback interconnection between the controlled plant and the switched internal model. The main usefulness of the strategy is to get rid of the solvability of the output regulation problem for the subsystems.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease related to abnormal activation of fibroblast-like synovium cells (FLS) with apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage. Circular RNA ...Sirt1 (circ-Sirt1) is an abundant circRNA, exerts the function in inhibiting inflammation. However, little is known about the roles of circ-Sirt1, if any, in RA. The present study aimed to investigate the biological roles and mechanism of circ-Sirt1 on cell inflammation in RA-FLS MH7A cell line. This study showed circ-Sirt1 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of MH7A cells. Overexpression of circ-Sirt1 decreased of the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and matrix matalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 in MH7A cells. In addition, overexpression of circ-Sirt1 increased the expression of Sirt1, Nrf2, HO-1, IκBα, GCLC and GCLM, and decreased the ratio of acetylated NF-κB to normal NF-κB, and the expression of AP-1, COX-2 and HMGB1. Moreover, the expression of Keap1 and the ratio of acetylated NF-κB to normal NF-κB were partially increased and the Nrf2 and Sirt1 were partially reduced by siSirt1. Additionally, circ-Sirt1 overexpression promoted the activation of Sirt1 signal pathways by upregulating miR-132. In conclusion, the protective effect of Circ-Sirt1 on MH7A depends on inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and miR-132-mediated Sirt1 pathway to reduce inflammation.
The sliding friction and high-speed turning experiments were carried out in dry conditions to reveal the anti-friction characteristics and wear mechanisms of the TiAlN/TiN coated tool against ...high-strength steel. The friction coefficient was collected and wear rate was calculated in the sliding tests, while the value of flank wear width was measured in the turning tests. The microstructure and composition of the worn surfaces were observed by an ESEM and an EDX, respectively. During the sliding wear process, the friction coefficient showed an upward trend with the increase of applied load, while it showed a downward trend with the increase of sliding speed. With the changes of the sliding speed and applied load, the wear volume and wear rate of the coating showed the opposite trend. The combined action of the peeling off, chipping, adhesion, mechanical scratch, element diffusion and oxidation was the dominate wear mechanisms of the TiAlN/TiN coated tool in sliding and turning process. Furthermore, the build-up layer and oxide films formed on the worn surface can prevent the direct contact of the friction pair, which played a positive role in lubrication and anti-friction.
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