Background
The tumor location-modified Lauren classification (mLC) has been proposed recently, but its clinical significance remains under debate. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical relevance ...of mLC and evaluate its superiority to the Lauren classification (LC) for gastric cancer patients with gastrectomy.
Methods
This study retrospectively evaluated 2764 consecutive gastric cancer patients from three comprehensive medical institutions. The patients were categorized into training, inner-validation, and independent validation sets. The relationships between mLC and other clinicopathologic factors were analyzed, and independent prognostic factors were identified. Survival prognostic discriminatory ability and predictive accuracy were compared between mLC and LC using the concordance index (C-index) and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC), and a nomogram based on mLC was constructed to compare its prognostic improvement with the tumor-node metastasis (TNM) staging system.
Results
A significant association between mLC and gender, age, histologic type, T stage, N stage, and M stage was found. The findings showed that mLC, not LC, is an independent prognostic factor, with a smaller AIC and a higher C-index than LC. The nomogram based on mLC showed a better predictive ability than TNM alone.
Conclusions
Compared with LC, mLC, which could be considered a more reliable prognostic factor, may improve the prognostic discriminatory ability and predictive accuracy for gastric cancer patients with gastrectomy.
Subduction initiation is a crucial process for plate tectonics. Two scenarios of induced subduction initiation–subduction polarity reversal and subduction transference–are primarily attributed to the ...accretion of oceanic plateaus. However, the factors governing these two distinct types of subduction initiation remain elusive. Here, we employ 2D thermomechanical numerical models to investigate the dynamics of induced subduction initiation during oceanic plateau accretion. Specifically, we explore the impact of the thickness, density, and rheological strength of the oceanic plateau on subduction initiation. Our results reveal three geodynamic regimes: continuous subduction, subduction transference, and subduction polarity reversal. Thin oceanic plateaus tend to subduct along with slabs into the deep mantle, while thick oceanic plateaus often accrete to the margin, triggering subduction initiation. The rheological strength and density of an oceanic plateau play a significant role in determining whether subduction transference or polarity reversal occurs. Increasing the viscosity and decreasing the density of the oceanic plateau promotes strain concentration in front of the oceanic plateau, resulting in subduction polarity reversal. Our model results provide insights into the dynamics of subduction transference in the Caroline Sea and polarity reversal in Solomon in the western Pacific Ocean.
•Numerical modeling of subduction transference and polarity reversal.•The styles of induced subduction initiation depend on the rheological strength and density of an oceanic plateau.•The formation of the lithospheric-scale shear zone is critical forthe type of induced subduction initiation.•The dynamics of two subduction initiations in the western Pacific Ocean are interpreted and analyzed.
The aim of this study was to optimize pressure-assisted (PAE) parameters for using response surface methodology (RSM) and compare the chemical composition and characteristics of pepper (Capsicum ...annum L.) seed oil (PSO) by pressure-assisted, ultrasound-assisted (UAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE). The oil extraction efficiency extracted from the optimized extraction parameters (pressure 370 MPa, temperature 50 °C, and time 5.7 min) achieved the highest of 83.0%, and PSO by PAE could retain higher level of unsaturated fatty acids (82.36%), γ-tocopherol (8.04 mg/100 g), characterized with lower acid value (3.89 mg KOH/g), peroxide value (1.47 mmol/kg) and higher iodine value (130.80 gI/100 g), and displayed superior antioxidant capacity.
This research paper has not yet been discussed. The available data are provided for evaluation and application of PAE in oils extraction industry and PAE could be a more efficient and time-saving technique to extract higher quality for the commercial PSO production.
•Response surface method was applied for optimization of pressure-assisted extraction (PAE).•PAE is a more efficient and time-saving technique.•Pepper seed oil extracted by PAE had a better quality characters.•Pepper seed oil extracted by PAE displayed superior antioxidant capacity.
Based on a previously reported 1,4‐dihydropyridinebutyrolactone virtual screening hit, nine lactone ring‐opened ester and seven amide analogs were prepared. The analogs were designed to provide ...interactions with residues at the entrance of the ZA loop of the testis‐specific bromodomain (ZA) channel to enhance the affinity and selectivity for the bromodomain and extra‐terminal (BET) subfamily of bromodomains. Compound testing by AlphaScreen showed that neither the affinity nor the selectivity of the ester and lactam analogs was improved for BRD4‐1 and the first bromodomain of the testis‐specific bromodomain (BRDT‐1). The esters retained affinity comparable to the parent compound, whereas the affinity for the amide analogs was reduced 10‐fold. A representative benzyl ester analog was found to retain high selectivity for BET bromodomains as shown by a BROMOscan. X‐ray analysis of the allyl ester analog in complex with BRD4‐1 and BRDT‐1 revealed that the ester side chain is located next to the ZA loop and solvent exposed.
Ring‐opened ester and amide analogs of a 1,4‐dihydropyridinebutyrolactone screening hit showed that esters retained affinity comparable to the parent compound, whereas the affinity for the amide analogs was reduced 10‐fold. A BROMOscan of benzyl ester 2e showed selectivity for the BET bromodomain family but no intra‐BET selectivity. In complex with BRD4‐1 and the first bromodomain of the testis‐specific bromodomain, the ester side chain of the allyl ester analog is located next to the ZA loop of the testis‐specific bromodomain loop and is solvent exposed.
Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common genetic cause of human male infertility. However, the effect of the extra X chromosome on different testicular cell types remains poorly understood. Here, ...we profiled testicular single-cell transcriptomes from three KS patients and normal karyotype control individuals. Among the different somatic cells, Sertoli cells showed the greatest transcriptome changes in KS patients. Further analysis showed that X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST), a key factor that inactivates one X chromosome in female mammals, was widely expressed in each testicular somatic cell type but not in Sertoli cells. The loss of XIST in Sertoli cells leads to an increased level of X chromosome genes, and further disrupts their transcription pattern and cellular function. This phenomenon was not detected in other somatic cells such as Leydig cells and vascular endothelial cells. These results proposed a new mechanism to explain why testicular atrophy in KS patients is heterogeneous with loss of seminiferous tubules but interstitial hyperplasia. Our study provides a theoretical basis for subsequent research and related treatment of KS by identifying Sertoli cell-specific X chromosome inactivation failure.
Purpose
China harbors 56 ethnic groups and Han accounts for >92% of the total Chinese population. We investigated the frequencies of 15 autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in the Han population ...of the Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture with the aim of expanding the available population information in human genetics databases and for forensic DNA analysis.
Subjects and Methods
We explored the genetic characteristics of 15 autosomal STR loci in 552 unrelated Chinese Han individuals from Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Northwestern China using the AmpFISTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis was performed between the Han population and other relevant populations based on the autosomal STR genotyping. The neighbor‐joining tree and principle component analysis were generated based on the Nei's standard genetic distance and allelic frequencies, respectively.
Results
A total of 171 alleles were observed among 552 unrelated individuals and allelic frequencies ranged from 0.5145 to 0.0009. The combined power of discrimination and combined power of exclusion of the 15 autosomal STR loci were 0.9999999999999999964 and 0.999998243616671, respectively.
Conclusions
Population comparison revealed that the Ili Han population were lining up together with other Han populations in China while showing significant differences from other Chinese and worldwide populations.
H/D exchange at formyl groups is the most direct approach for the synthesis of deuterated aldehydes. Platinum-group metal complexes have been employed to catalyze this transformation, with ...significant substrate scope limitations. Although N-heterocyclic carbenes can also activate the C–H bond of aldehydes through the formation of Breslow intermediates, benzoin condensation and other C–C-bond-forming pathways have so far outpaced synthetically useful H/D exchange. Investigation of the reaction of aldehydes with 1,2,3-triazolylidenes has revealed the reversible formation of Breslow intermediates and the inhibition of the condensation steps in methanol solvent. 1,2,3-Triazolylidenes catalyze the H/D exchange of aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl aldehydes in high yields and deuterium incorporation levels using deuterated methanol as an affordable D source. The unique properties of these mesoionic carbenes (MICs) enable a streamlined preparation of deuterated synthetic intermediates and pharmacophores that are highly valuable as mechanistic and metabolic probes.
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•A metal-free catalyzed H/D exchange at formyl groups is described•The formation of Breslow intermediates is reversible with 1,2,3-triazolylidenes (MICs)•Interrupted benzoin condensation in deuterated methanol•Broad scope of applications for aldehydes and even aldimines
Incorporation of deuterium atoms in organic molecules is an important tool for the identification and understanding of chemical and biological processes. Deuterium labeling of organic and inorganic molecules allows for simple and direct incorporation of a useful analytical probe while keeping their structure, physical properties, and biological activity intact. Deuterium-labeled compounds can be readily identified using conventional techniques such as NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and even elastic neutron scattering. Such methods are widely popular in life sciences where they provide high levels of insight into various processes and also offer a widening range of applications in several fields of chemistry. Herein, we report the cheap and efficient metal-free catalytic synthesis of deuterium-labeled carbonyls and related compounds.
The formation of Breslow intermediates in the reaction of 1,2,3-triazolylidenes (mesoionic carbenes) with aldehydes is reversible. The benzoin condensation is inhibited in deuterated methanol, allowing for H/D exchange at formyl groups.
Evidence-based information is the foundation for addressing urgent global challenges in conservation and sustainable management of the freshwater biodiversity. The present study expands current ...knowledge of the genus
in Zaomu Mountain Forest Park, Guangdong Province based on the morphology, colouration, distribution, and molecular characteristics of
,
,
, and an undescribed new species,
.
can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters, which includes the shape of rostrum, smooth carapace, and male second pereiopod.
displays striking colour pattern, which could help to distinguish this species from other congeneric species in living specimen. Furthermore, the molecular characteristics of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) showed that this species has a sufficient interspecific divergence from its congeners.
Abstract
Extreme summer heat can have severe socioeconomic impacts and has occurred frequently in North China in recent years, most notably in June–July 2023, when North China experienced the most ...widespread, persistent, and high-intensity extreme heat on record. Here, typical weather patterns covering North China and its surrounding areas were classified into seven types based on the Cost733class package, and the weather pattern type 4 (T4), characterized by the strengthened ridge and anticyclone anomaly in northeastern China, was found as the most favorable for the occurrence of extreme summer heat in North China (NCSH). Diagnostic and wave activity flux analyses indicate that the Eurasian teleconnection (EAT) pattern from the atmosphere and the Victoria mode (VM) from the ocean are the top two dominant climate drivers of the T4 weather pattern. The empirical models constructed based on the EAT and the VM can effectively simulate the number of days of the T4 weather pattern and the NCSH, respectively. Our results suggest that, with the help of the seasonal forecast from climate models, the EAT and the VM can be used to predict the number of days of the T4 weather pattern and the NCSH for the coming summer, enabling us to protect human health and reduce its socioeconomic impacts through proactive measures in advance.
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