Many new algorithms have been proposed to solve the mathematical equations formulated to describe the real-world problems. But there still does not exist one algorithm that could solve the problems ...all. And most of the proposed algorithms have defects in some aspects, they need to be improved in application. In order to find a more efficient optimization algorithm and inspired by the better performance of the Arithmetic Optimization algorithm (AOA) and Aquila Optimizer (AO), we proposed a hybridization algorithm of them and abbreviated AOAAO in this paper. Considering the better performance of the Harris Hawk optimization (HHO) algorithm, an energy parameter E was also introduced to balance the exploration and exploitation procedures of individuals in AOAAO swarms, and furthermore, piecewise linear map was introduced to decrease the randomness of the energy parameter. Pseudo code of the proposed AOAAO algorithm was presented, Simulation experiments were carried out on the benchmark functions and three classical engineering problems were also involved in optimization. Nine popular well demonstrated algorithms were included for comparison. Results confirmed the AOAAO would be more efficient in optimization with faster convergence rate, and higher convergence accuracy.
Because of the No Free Lunch (NFL) rule, we are still under the way developing new algorithms and improving the capabilities of the existed algorithms. Under consideration of the simple and steady ...convergence capability of the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) and the fast convergence rate of the Harris Hawk optimization (HHO) algorithms, we hereby propose a new hybridization algorithm of the SCA and HHO algorithm in this paper, called the CSCAHHO algorithm henceforth. The energy parameter is introduced to balance the exploration and exploitation procedure for individuals in the new swarm, and chaos is introduced to improve the randomness. Updating equations is redefined and combined of the equations in the SCA and HHO algorithms. Simulation experiments on 27 benchmark functions and CEC 2014 competitive functions, together with 3 engineering problems are carried out. Comparisons have been made with the original SCA, HHO, Archimedes optimization algorithm (AOA), Seagull optimization algorithm (SOA), Sooty Tern optimization algorithm (STOA), Arithmetic optimizer (AO) and Chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA). Simulation experiments on either unimodal or multimodal, benchmark or CEC2014 functions, or real engineering problems all verified the better performance of the proposed CSAHHO, such as faster convergence rate, low residual errors, and steadier capability. Matlab code of this algorithm is shared in Gitee with the following address: https://gitee.com/yuj-zhang/cscahho.
This study assesses the causal link between green finance (GF) and sustainable development (SD) at a global scale with the bootstrap rolling-window Granger causal relationship test. The empirical ...results demonstrate that GF produces positive impacts on SD in multiple subperiods, which supports interaction theory. However, this article does not reach a consistent conclusion on the issue of the direction from sustainable development to green finance. GFs are a vital financing tool for sustainable development agendas. However, the influence of GF on SD has not been proven. There is currently no empirical evidence on how it can be conducive to the achievement of the 2030 Agenda. In this study, an empirical analysis of the influence of multiple stakeholders on SD through participation in green finance projects is conducted. Additionally, this analysis first identified different causalities in multiple subperiods. In a specific context, causality in a certain direction is crucial. Furthermore, we deemed that government and international organizations should guide high-quality green investment and risk prevention under the system framework. Finally, improving the classification standards, evaluation system, and information disclosure of GF can also promote the contribution of countries to sustainable development actions.
Plant somatic embryogenesis refers to a phenomenon where embryos develop from somatic cells in the absence of fertilization. Previous studies have revealed that the phytohormone auxin plays a crucial ...role in somatic embryogenesis by inducing a cell totipotent state, although its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we show that auxin rapidly rewires the cell totipotency network by altering chromatin accessibility. The analysis of chromatin accessibility dynamics further reveals a hierarchical gene regulatory network underlying somatic embryogenesis. Particularly, we find that the embryonic nature of explants is a prerequisite for somatic cell reprogramming. Upon cell reprogramming, the B3-type totipotent transcription factor LEC2 promotes somatic embryo formation by direct activation of the early embryonic patterning genes WOX2 and WOX3. Our results thus shed light on the molecular mechanism by which auxin promotes the acquisition of plant cell totipotency and establish a direct link between cell totipotent genes and the embryonic development pathway.
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•Description of the chromatin accessibility landscape for somatic embryogenesis in plants•Auxin rapidly rewires the cell totipotency network by altering chromatin accessibility•The embryonic nature of explants is a prerequisite for somatic cell reprogramming•A molecular link between cell totipotent genes and early embryonic development pathway
Somatic embryogenesis provides a powerful system to produce genetically modified crops and to obtain artificial seeds. In combination with reverse genetics, ATAC-seq, ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq, Wang et al. reveal a hierarchical transcriptional regulatory network for somatic embryogenesis.
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a slowly progressing neurodegenerative disease characterized by eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in the nervous system and multiple visceral ...organs. The clinical manifestation of NIID varies widely, and both familial and sporadic cases have been reported. Here we have performed genetic linkage analysis and mapped the disease locus to 1p13.3-q23.1; however, whole-exome sequencing revealed no potential disease-causing mutations. We then performed long-read genome sequencing and identified a large GGC repeat expansion within human-specific NOTCH2NLC. Expanded GGC repeats as the cause of NIID was further confirmed in an additional three NIID-affected families as well as five sporadic NIID-affected case subjects. Moreover, given the clinical heterogeneity of NIID, we examined the size of the GGC repeat among 456 families with a variety of neurological conditions with the known pathogenic genes excluded. Surprisingly, GGC repeat expansion was observed in two Alzheimer disease (AD)-affected families and three parkinsonism-affected families, implicating that the GGC repeat expansions in NOTCH2NLC could also contribute to the pathogenesis of both AD and PD. Therefore, we suggest defining a term NIID-related disorders (NIIDRD), which will include NIID and other related neurodegenerative diseases caused by the expanded GGC repeat within human-specific NOTCH2NLC.
To complement traditional antivirals, natural compounds that act via host targets and present high barriers to resistance are of increasing interest. In the work reported here, we detected that ...homoharringtonine (HHT) presents effective antiviral activity. HHT completely inhibited infections of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 nM in cell cultures, respectively. Treatment with HHT at doses of 0.05 or 0.2 mg/kg significantly reduced viral load and relieved severe symptoms in PEDV- or NDV-infected animals. HHT treatment, however, moderately inhibited avian influenza virus (AIV) infection, suggesting its potent antiviral action is restricted to a number of classes of RNA viruses. In this study, we also observed that HHT actively inhibited herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC
) of 139 nM; the treatment with HHT at 1000 nM led to reductions of three orders of magnitude. Moreover, HHT antagonized the phosphorylation level of endogenous and exogenous eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (p-eIF4E), which might regulate the selective translation of specific messenger RNA (mRNA). HHT provides a starting point for further progress toward the clinical development of broad-spectrum antivirals.
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites, an emerging class of solution processable photoactive materials, welcome a new member with a one-dimensional structure. Herein we report the ...synthesis, crystal structure and photophysical properties of one-dimensional organic lead bromide perovskites, C
N
H
PbBr
, in which the edge sharing octahedral lead bromide chains PbBr
are surrounded by the organic cations C
N
H
to form the bulk assembly of core-shell quantum wires. This unique one-dimensional structure enables strong quantum confinement with the formation of self-trapped excited states that give efficient bluish white-light emissions with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of approximately 20% for the bulk single crystals and 12% for the microscale crystals. This work verifies once again that one-dimensional systems are favourable for exciton self-trapping to produce highly efficient below-gap broadband luminescence, and opens up a new route towards superior light emitters based on bulk quantum materials.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can integrate into the human genome, contributing to genomic instability and hepatocarcinogenesis. Here by conducting high-throughput viral integration detection and RNA ...sequencing, we identify 4,225 HBV integration events in tumour and adjacent non-tumour samples from 426 patients with HCC. We show that HBV is prone to integrate into rare fragile sites and functional genomic regions including CpG islands. We observe a distinct pattern in the preferential sites of HBV integration between tumour and non-tumour tissues. HBV insertional sites are significantly enriched in the proximity of telomeres in tumours. Recurrent HBV target genes are identified with few that overlap. The overall HBV integration frequency is much higher in tumour genomes of males than in females, with a significant enrichment of integration into chromosome 17. Furthermore, a cirrhosis-dependent HBV integration pattern is observed, affecting distinct targeted genes. Our data suggest that HBV integration has a high potential to drive oncogenic transformation.
Manipulating the collective molecular movements to implement macroscopic mechanical response of bulk material is attractive and challenging. Here, an organic‐inorganic hybrid single crystal is ...synthesized, which exhibits a giant macroscopic shape transformation with a remarkable thermal hysteretic feature. The colossal anisotropic shape change, which manifests as an abrupt elongation of ca. 9 % along the crystallographic c‐axis and a concomitant contraction of ca. 9 % in a perpendicular direction, is induced by a significant reorientation of imidazolium, accompanied with a substantial configurational variation in CuBr42− complex anions. The synergistic motions of both the molecular cations and anions engender a remarkable large thermal hysteresis (>30 K) in the shape transformation of the single crystal, implying that this material may play a role in alternating memory media. Furthermore, due to the stable crystal lattice, a single crystal that demonstrates naked‐eye detectable large shape transformation was used as a thermal actuator to spontaneously control an electric circuit by temperature variation.
Switch it up: A single crystal of CuII complex demonstrates an abrupt and reversible giant shape transformation with remarkable wide thermal hysteresis, as a consequence of synergetic actions of reorientation of molecular cations and geometric variation of complex anions. The giant shape deformation of single crystal can be used as a thermal actuator to spontaneously control a circuit by temperature variation.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based sensing is the most promising approach to detect trace amounts of chemical and biological molecules. Three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures have been ...considered as one of the most promising SERS substrates due to ordered arrangement of high-density hot spots and large surface area for adsorbing analyte. This paper designed a hybrid SERS substrate containing structures of Fe3O4 and Ag nanoparticles on Si nanopillar arrays, which combines the advantages of highly ordered periodic 3D Si nanopillar arrays and Ag coated Fe3O4 core-satellite microspheres, leading to intense light metal and light molecule interactions. The detection limit of the substrate for malachite green (MG) is as low as 10−8 M, meeting the requirements for trace detection of analytes. This work provides a new insight for fabricating SERS substrates with high sensitivity.
•3D SERS substrate of Si-pillar arrays with Fe3O4@Ag nanoparticles is designed.•It inherits the SERS activity of Ag nanoparticles and superparamagnetic of Fe3O4.•The substrate has large surface area and unique light trapping of 3D nanopillars.•Intense light-metal and light-molecule interactions, thus high SERS enhancement.
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