Abstract
Designing organic fluorescent and phosphorescent materials based on various core fluorophore has gained great attention, but it is unclear whether similar luminescent units exist for ...inorganic materials. Inspired by the BX
6
octahedral structure of luminescent metal halide perovskites (MHP), here we propose that the BX
6
octahedron may be a core structure for luminescent inorganic materials. In this regard, excitation-dependent color-tunable phosphorescence is discovered from α-AlF
3
featuring AlF
6
octahedron. Through further exploration of the BX
6
unit by altering the dimension and changing the center metal (B) and ligand (X), luminescence from KAlF
4
, (NH
4
)
3
AlF
6
, AlCl
3
, Al(OH)
3
, Ga
2
O
3
, InCl
3
, and CdCl
2
are also discovered. The phosphorescence of α-AlF
3
can be ascribed to clusterization-triggered emission, i.e., weak through space interaction of the
n
electrons of F atoms bring close proximity in the AlF
6
octahedra (inter/intra). These discoveries will deepen the understanding and contribute to further development of BX
6
octahedron-based luminescent materials.
The unusual room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from the n electron‐rich systems (without regular conjugated structure) has aroused great attention for structural designing and application ...development of RTP materials. Such emission has been ascribed to clusterization‐triggered emission (CTE) via weak through‐space conjugation of n electrons in the heteroatoms. However, there was suspicion on such RTP as impurity‐induced result. Therefore, in‐depth photophysical investigation and effective proof methods are needed to trace the origin of such RTP. Here, using the recently reported CTE phosphor boric acid as the example, a Jablonski diagram‐based verification protocol was proposed to confirm the intrinsic luminescence of the n electrons‐rich systems. Meanwhile, some other types of luminophores, that is, traditional phosphors, already reported impurity‐induced and host‐guest doping luminophores, were included for comparison. Overall, this work provides a basic paradigm for differentiating between the impurity‐involved and the n electron‐rich phosphors and will further deepen the understanding of nonconventional luminescence.
Unusual phosphorescence was identified from boric acid, but was questioned as impurity‐induced result. Here, we proposed a protocol to verify the origin of such phosphorescence, namely from weak through‐space conjugation rather than impurity.
The establishment of a monitoring technique for imatinib is necessary in clinical and environmental toxicology. Leaf extracts of
were used as reducing agent for the one-step synthesis of reduced ...graphene oxide-Ag nanocomposites. This nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, FTIR, XRD, and other instruments. Then, the graphene/Ag nanocomposite was used as a modifier to be cemented on the surface of the glassy carbon electrode. This electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical sensing performance. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed electrode could detect imatinib at 10 nM-0.28 mM with a low limit of detection. This electrochemical sensor also has excellent anti-interference performance and reproducibility.
Personal relationships have long been a concern in education. Most studies indicate that good personal relationships are generally positively correlated with academic performance. However, few ...studies have compared how different types of personal relationships correlate with academic performance, and the conclusions of existing studies are inconsistent. Based on a large sample, the current study compared how the three closest types of personal relationships among students (with parents, teachers, and their peers) compared with their academic performance.
Cluster sampling was used to issue questionnaires to students in Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China in 2018 (Study 1) and in 2019 (Study 2). The actual sample size included 28168 students in Study 1 and 29869 students in Study 2 (both studies, Grades 4 and 8), thus totaling 58037 students. All students completed a personal relationship questionnaire and several academic tests.
The results showed that: (1) the quality of personal relationships significantly and positively correlated with academic performance; (2) Among the three types of relationships tested, the quality of student-peer relationships was the most closely associated with academic achievement.
This study gives insights into future research directions in this field and also reminds educators to pay attention to the personal relationships among their students, especially peer relationships.
is a common zoonotic and foodborne pathogen that causes high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In this study, we established and validated a polymerase spiral reaction (PSR) assay ...which targeted the conserved invasion gene (
A) of
by SYBR Green I indicator methods. Subsequently, assays for determination of the optimal conditions for optimal specificity and sensitivity of PSR were performed. We performed comprehensive evaluations using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and realtime PCR. A total number of 532 samples of daily food were analyzed by PSR. Twenty-seven bacterial strains were tested in the specificity assay, from which positive results were obtained only for 14-
strains. However, none of the 13 non-
strains was amplified. Similarly with LAMP and real-time PCR, the detection limit of the PSR assay was 50 CFU/ml. The PSR method was also successfully applied to evaluate the contamination with
in 532 samples of daily food, corroborating traditional culture method data. The novel PSR method is simple, sensitive, and rapid and provides new insights into the prevention and detection of foodborne diseases.
Auxin signalling is vital for plant growth and development, from embryogenesis to senescence. Recent studies have shown that auxin regulates biological processes by mediating gene expression through ...a family of functionally original DNA-binding auxin response factors, which exist in a large multi-gene family in plants. However, to date, no information has been available about characteristics of the ARF gene family in Brassica juncea var. tumida. In this study, 65 B. juncea genes that encode ARF proteins were identified in the B. juncea whole-genome, classified into three phylogenetical groups and found to be widely and randomly distributed in the A-and B-genome. Highly conserved proteins were also found within each ortholog based on gene structure and conserved motifs, as well as clustering level. Furthermore, promoter cis-element analysis of BjARFs demonstrated that these genes affect the levels of plant hormones, such as auxin, salicylic, gibberellin acid, MeJA, abscisic acid, and ethylene. Expression analysis showed that differentially expressed BjARF genes were detected during the seedling stage, tumor stem development and the flowering period of B. juncea. Interestingly, we found that BjARF2b_A, BjARF3b_A, BjARF6b_A, and BjARF17a_B were significantly expressed in tumor stem, and an exogenous auxin assay indicated that these genes were sensitive to auxin and IAA signaling. Moreover, eight of the nine BjARF10/16/17 genes and all of the BjARF6/8 genes were involved in post-transcriptional regulation, targeted by Bj-miR160 and Bj-miR167c, respectively. This analysis provides deeper insight of diversification for ARFs and will facilitate further dissection of ARF gene function in B. juncea.
Despite the availability of effective vaccines and treatments for SARS-CoV-2, managing COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains challenging, particularly considering ...drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Here, we present a case of DDIs between Tacrolimus (Tac) and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) in a 32-year-old male with SLE. Following self-administration of NMV/r and resumption of Tac after 5 days, the patient experienced acute nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, accompanied by supratherapeutic Tac levels, despite Tac being withheld during NMV/r. The primary cause of this acute toxicity is attributed to ritonavir’s inhibitory effect on both CYP3A4 enzymes and P-glycoprotein. Upon admission, Tac was discontinued, and supportive therapies were initiated. Phenytoin, a CYP3A4 inducer, was administered to lower Tac levels under the guidance of clinical pharmacists, effectively alleviating the patient’s acute toxic symptoms. The half-life of Tac during the treatment of phenytoin was calculated to be 55.87 h. And no adverse reactions to phenytoin were observed. This case underscores the persistence of enzyme inhibition effects and demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of utilizing CYP3A4 enzyme inducers to mitigate Tac concentrations. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of healthcare providers and patients being vigilant about DDIs in Tac recipients. Lastly, it highlights the indispensable role of pharmacist involvement in clinical decision-making and close monitoring in complex clinical scenarios. Although our findings are based on a single case, they align with current knowledge and suggest the potential of individualized combination therapy in managing challenging COVID-19 cases in immunocompromised patients.
Sandalwood (
) is a high-value multifunctional tree species that is rich in aromatic substances and is used in medicine and global cosmetics. Due to the scarcity of land resources in tropical and ...subtropical regions, land in temperate regions is a potential resource for the development of S. album plantations in order to meet the needs of
production and medicine. The R2R3-MYB transcription factor family is one of the largest in plants and plays an important role in the response to various abiotic stresses. However, the R2R3-MYB gene family of
has not been studied. In this study, 144 R2R3-MYB genes were successfully identified in the assembly genome sequence, and their characteristics and expression patterns were investigated under various durations of low temperature stress. According to the findings, 31 of the 114 R2R3-MYB genes showed significant differences in expression after cold treatment. Combining transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed three key candidate genes (
,
, and
) to be significantly involved in the regulation of cold resistance in
. The structural characteristics, evolution, and expression pattern of the R2R3-MYB gene in
were systematically examined at the whole genome level for the first time in this study. It will provide important information for future research into the function of the R2R3-MYB genes and the mechanism of cold stress response in
.
The SAUR (small auxin-up RNA) family constitutes a category of genes that promptly respond to the hormone auxin and play a pivotal role in diverse biological processes encompassing plant growth and ...the response to abiotic stress.
L., a semi-parasitic evergreen tree, is renowned for its economically valuable essential oils, positioning it among the most prized tree species. In this study, a meticulous identification and comprehensive analysis of 43
genes was conducted within
. Based on phylogenetic relationships, the
genes were systematically categorized into five groups. A collinearity analysis revealed intriguing insights, disclosing 14 segmental duplications and 9 tandem duplications within the
genes, emphasizing the pivotal role of duplication in the expansion of this gene family. Noteworthy variations in the expression levels of
genes were observed by delving into the
transcriptome data from various tissues, including leaves, roots, and heartwood, as well as under salt-stress conditions. Notably,
and
were significantly upregulated in heartwood compared with roots and leaves, while
was markedly more expressed in roots compared with heartwood and leaves. Furthermore,
and
were found to respond closely to salt stress, hinting at their potential involvement in the salt-stress response mechanism. This research offers a comprehensive investigation of
genes in
and establishes a foundation for future exploration of the
gene family, particularly its relation to growth and salt-stress responses.
Dalbergia odorifera is a valuable material used in the crafting of luxury furniture, and the chemical constituents from heartwood possess significant medicinal value. The WRKY gene family, one of the ...most extensively studied gene families, plays an important role in plants. However, a comprehensive genome-wide identification of the WRKY gene family in D. odorifera has not been reported yet. In this study, a total of 99 WRKY genes were identified in D. odorifera. The DoWRKY genes were categorized into three primary groups with five subgroups. A collinearity analysis revealed 38 segmental duplications and 3 tandem duplications within the DoWRKY genes, indicating the pivotal role of segmental duplication in gene family expansion. Through the analysis of DoWRKY transcriptomic data across diverse tissues and under wounding stress, we found that only eight genes were universally expressed, while a subset displayed distinct tissue-specific patterns. Notably, DoWRKY41 was exclusively expressed in leaves; DoWRKY04 was solely in roots; and DoWRKY17, DoWRKY28, DoWRKY47, and DoWRKY67 were uniquely in flowers. Furthermore, we identified 24 WRKY proteins that tightly respond to wounding stress (20 upregulated; 4 downregulated). This comprehensive investigation offered valuable insights into the WRKY gene family of D. odorifera, serving as a foundational resource for forthcoming explorations into the functional roles of these genes amid wounding stress.
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