Perovskite‐based solar cells have attracted great attention due to their low cost and high photovoltaic (PV) performance. In addition to their success in the PV sector, there has been growing ...interest in employing perovskites in energy‐efficient smart windows and other building technologies owing to their large absorption coefficient and color tunability. The major challenge lies in integrating perovskite materials into windows and building facades and combining them with added functionalities while maintaining their remarkable power conversion efficiencies. Herein, advances that have been made in the application of perovskites to building‐integrated photovoltaics (BIPVs) in four areas are highlighted: semitransparent windows, colorful wall facades, electrochromic windows, and thermochromic windows. In addition, the opportunities and challenges of this cutting‐edge research area and important roadmaps for the future use of perovskites in BIPVs are discussed.
The recent advances achieved in building‐integrated photovoltaics based on perovskite materials for four areas of applications, namely semitransparent windows, colorful wall facades, electrochromic windows, and thermochromic windows, are presented. Critical roadmaps on future developments of this cutting‐edge research field are provided.
Due to its excellent performance, aerogel is considered to be an especially promising new material. Cellulose is a renewable and biodegradable natural polymer. Aerogel prepared using cellulose has ...the renewability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability of cellulose, while also having other advantages, such as low density, high porosity, and a large specific surface area. Thus, it can be applied for many purposes in the areas of adsorption and oil/water separation, thermal insulation, and biomedical applications, as well as many other fields. There are three types of cellulose aerogels: natural cellulose aerogels (nanocellulose aerogels and bacterial cellulose aerogels), regenerated cellulose aerogels, and aerogels made from cellulose derivatives. In this paper, more than 200 articles were reviewed to summarize the properties of these three types of cellulose aerogels, as well as the technologies used in their preparation, such as the sol⁻gel process and gel drying. In addition, the applications of different types of cellulose aerogels were also introduced.
Background and Aims
The study objective was to compare the effectiveness of microwave ablation (MWA) and laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) on solitary 3–5‐cm HCC over time.
Approach and Results
From ...2008 to 2019, 1289 patients from 12 hospitals were enrolled in this retrospective study. Diagnosis of all lesions were based on histopathology. Propensity score matching was used to balance all baseline variables between the two groups in 2008–2019 (n = 335 in each group) and 2014–2019 (n = 257 in each group) cohorts, respectively. For cohort 2008–2019, during a median follow‐up of 35.8 months, there were no differences in overall survival (OS) between MWA and LLR (HR: 0.88, 95% CI 0.65–1.19, p = 0.420), and MWA was inferior to LLR regarding disease‐free survival (DFS) (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.05–1.75, p = 0.017). For cohort 2014–2019, there was comparable OS (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.56–1.30, p = 0.460) and approached statistical significance for DFS (HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.98–1.82, p = 0.071) between MWA and LLR. Subgroup analyses showed comparable OS in 3.1–4.0‐cm HCCs (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.53–1.47, p = 0.630) and 4.1–5.0‐cm HCCs (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.37–1.60, p = 0.483) between two modalities. For both cohorts, MWA shared comparable major complications (both p > 0.05), shorter hospitalization, and lower cost to LLR (all p < 0.001).
Conclusions
MWA might be a first‐line alternative to LLR for solitary 3–5‐cm HCC in selected patients with technical advances, especially for patients unsuitable for LLR.
Although the photodimerization of acenaphthylene (ACE) has been known for 100 years, the asymmetric cycloaddition of its 1‐substituted derivatives is unknown. Herein, we report a supramolecular ...photochirogenic approach in which a homochiral and photoactive Δ/Λ‐Pd6(RuL3)828+ metal–organic cage (Δ/Λ‐MOC‐16) is used as a supramolecular reactor for the enantioselective exited‐state photocatalysis of 1‐Br‐ACE. Owing to preorganization of the substrates by the supramolecular cage, stereochemical control of the triplet state, and nanospace transfer of energy and chirality, the cycloaddition of ACE proceeded with high selectivity for the formation of anti over syn stereoisomers, whereas the regio‐, stereo‐, and enantioselective cycloaddition of unsymmetrical 1‐Br‐ACE showed effective enantiodifferentiation of a pair of anti head‐to‐head stereoisomers. The enzyme‐mimicking photocatalysis was verified by catalytic turnover, rate enhancement, and competing‐guest inhibition experiments.
Control freak: A photoactive homochiral metal–organic cage (MOC) promoted the stereo‐, regio‐, and enantioselective 2+2 cycloaddition of an acenaphthylene derivative in a supramolecular catalytic sense under sustainable conditions (see picture). The high regio‐ and stereoselectivity resulted from preorganization of the substrates by the supramolecular cage, stereochemical control of the triplet state, and nanospace transfer of energy and chirality.
Doping Strategies in Sb2S3 Thin Films for Solar Cells Myagmarsereejid, Purevlkham; Ingram, Malaika; Batmunkh, Munkhbayar ...
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany),
October 1, 2021, 20211001, Letnik:
17, Številka:
39
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Sb2S3 is an attractive solar absorber material that has garnered tremendous interest because of its fascinating properties for solar cells including suitable band gap, high absorption coefficient, ...earth abundance, and excellent stability. Over the past several years, intensive efforts have been made to enhance the photovoltaic efficiencies of Sb2S3 solar cells using many promising approaches including interfacial engineering, surface passivation, additive engineering, and band‐gap engineering of the charge transport layers and active light absorbing Sb2S3 materials. Recently, doping strategies in Sb2S3 light absorbers have gained attention as they promise to play important roles in controlling band gap, regulating film morphology, and passivating grain boundaries, and thus resulting in enhanced carrier transport, which is one of the most challenging issues in this cutting‐edge research field. In this review, after a brief introduction to Sb2S3, an overview of Sb2S3 solar cells and their fundamental properties are provided. Recent advances in doping strategies in Sb2S3 thin films and solar cells are then discussed to provide in‐depth understanding of the effects of various dopants on the photovoltaic properties of Sb2S3 materials. In conclusion, the personal perspectives and outlook to the future development of Sb2S3 solar cells are provided.
After a brief overview of Sb2S3 light harvesting materials, significant progresses that have been achieved in the field of Sb2S3 thin films and solar cells are outlined. Recent advances of doping strategies in Sb2S3 thin films for solar cells are mainly presented. Major issues limiting the development of Sb2S3 solar cells are highlighted with possible effective solutions.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) exposure have been recognized as independent risk factors for the occurrence and exacerbation of hepatic steatosis but their combined impacts ...and the potential mechanisms remain to be further elucidated. Here, we showed that exposure to AFB1 impaired mitochondrial dynamics and increased intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver of HBV‐transgenic mice in vivo and the hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx)‐expressing human hepatocytes both ex vivo and in vitro. HBx combined with AFB1 exposure also up‐regulated receptor interaction protein 1 (RIP1), receptor interaction protein 3 (RIP3) and activated mixed lineage kinase domain like protein (MLKL), providing evidence of necrosome formation in the hepatocytes. The shift of the mitochondrial dynamics towards imbalance of fission and fusion was rescued when MLKL was inhibited in the HBx and AFB1 co‐treated hepatocytes. Most importantly, based on siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 system, we found that the combination of HBx and AFB1 exposure increased cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) to mediate up‐regulation of RIP3 and dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), which in turn promoted location of RIP3‐MLKL necrosome on mitochondria, subsequently exacerbated steatosis in hepatocytes. Taken together, these findings advance the understanding of mechanism associated with HBx and AFB1‐induced hepatic necrosome formation, mitochondrial dysfunction and steatosis and make COX‐2 a good candidate for treatment.
Nationwide nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been effective at mitigating the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), but their broad impact on other diseases remains ...under-investigated. Here we report an ecological analysis comparing the incidence of 31 major notifiable infectious diseases in China in 2020 to the average level during 2014-2019, controlling for temporal phases defined by NPI intensity levels. Respiratory diseases and gastrointestinal or enteroviral diseases declined more than sexually transmitted or bloodborne diseases and vector-borne or zoonotic diseases. Early pandemic phases with more stringent NPIs were associated with greater reductions in disease incidence. Non-respiratory diseases, such as hand, foot and mouth disease, rebounded substantially towards the end of the year 2020 as the NPIs were relaxed. Statistical modeling analyses confirm that strong NPIs were associated with a broad mitigation effect on communicable diseases, but resurgence of non-respiratory diseases should be expected when the NPIs, especially restrictions of human movement and gathering, become less stringent.
In recent years, tremendous effort is devoted to developing platforms, such as implantable drug delivery systems (IDDSs), with temporally and spatially controlled drug release capabilities and ...improved adherence. IDDSs have multiple advantages: i) the timing and location of drug delivery can be controlled by patients using specific stimuli (light, sound, electricity, magnetism, etc.). Some intelligent “closed‐loop” IDDS can even realize self‐management without human participation. ii) IDDSs enable continuous and stable delivery of drugs over a long period (months to years) and iii) to administer drugs directly to the lesion, thereby helping reduce dosage and side effects. iv) IDDSs enable personalized drug delivery according to patient needs. The high demand for such systems has prompted scientists to make efforts to develop intelligent IDDS. In this review, several common stimulus‐responsive mechanisms including endogenous (e.g., pH, reactive oxygen species, proteins, etc.) and exogenous stimuli (e.g., light, sound, electricity, magnetism, etc.), are given in detail. Besides, several types of IDDS reported in recent years are reviewed, including various stimulus‐responsive systems based on the above mechanisms, radio frequency‐controlled IDDS, “closed‐loop” IDDS, self‐powered IDDS, etc. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of various IDDS, bottleneck problems, and possible solutions are analyzed to provide directions for subsequent research.
This review details the recent progress of implantable drug delivery systems (IDDSs) with spatiotemporally‐controlled drug release capabilities. The stimulus‐responsive mechanisms, including endogenous (e.g., pH, reactive oxygen species, etc.) and exogenous stimuli (e.g., light, electricity, magnetism, etc.) are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of various IDDSs, bottleneck problems, and possible solutions are discussed.
•CSIMs exhibit tunable resonance and polarization-independent characteristics.•Resonances are red-shifted with correlation coefficients of 0.9999.•CSIMs possess nonlinear and bidirectional tunability ...of resonant wavelength.•CSIMs with different gaps exhibit actively linear tunability.
We propose two tunable chevron-shaped infrared metamaterials (CSIMs). The electromagnetic responses of CSIMs can be tuned linearly by changing the geometrical configurations. The correlation coefficients of CBIMs with different chevron beam lengths are 0.9999. Furthermore, CBIMs exhibit bidirectional tunability by changing the intersection angles of chevron beams. The corresponding resonance can be tuned to red-shift and blue-shift. This study provides an effective approach to open an avenue in switch, filter, sensor, and polarizer applications in infrared wavelength ranges.
Praying mantises are distributed all over the world. Though some Mantodea mitogenomes have been reported, an evolutionary genomic and phylogenetic analysis study lacks the latest taxonomic system. In ...the present study, four new mitogenomes were sequenced and annotated. Deroplatys truncate, D. lobate, Amorphoscelis chinensis and Macromantis sp. belong to Deroplatyidae, Amorphoscelidae and Photinaidae family, respectively. Our results indicated that the ATP8 gene may be lost in D. truncate and D. lobata mt genome, and four tRNA genes have not been found in D. truncate, D. lobata and Macromantis sp. A dN/dS pair analysis was conducted and it was found that all genes have evolved under purifying selection. Furthermore, we tested the phylogenetic relationships between the eight families of the Mantodea, including 35 species of praying Mantis. Based on the complete mitochondrial genome data, it was also suggested as sister to Deroplatyidae + Mantidae, Metallyticus sp., the only representative of Metallyticidae, is sister to the remaining mantises. Our results support the taxonomic system of Schwarz and Roy and are consistent with previous studies.
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