Hepatocellular carcinoma, also referred to as HCC, is the most frequent form of primary liver cancer. It is anticipated that the discovery of the molecular pathways related with HCC would open up new ...possibilities for the treatment of HCC.WGCNA (Weighted gene co-expression network analysis) and molecular docking analysis were used to study the structural characteristics of POU2AF1 recombinant protein and its interaction with related proteins. Normal samples were placed in one group, and tumor samples were placed in another group inside the GEO database. We continued our investigation of the DEGs by performing an enrichment analysis using GO and KEGG. The GSCA platform is utilized in the process of doing an analysis of the connection between gene expression and medication sensitivity. In the end, the core target and the active molecule were both given the green light for a molecular docking investigation. POU2AF1 is being considered as a possible therapeutic target for HCC, and the results of our work have presented novel concepts for the treatment of HCC.
As widely known, most of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices own small storage and constrained computing power, and hence, their poor security evaluation capabilities make them vulnerable to several ...types of network attacks. Given this setting, anomaly network traffic detection techniques based on deep learning (DL) offer some practical solutions, and they have brought new opportunities to the security of the IoT. However, existing DL models for anomaly network traffic detection need better flexibility and classification accuracy. Also, the scale of those models needs to be optimized, as a sheer majority of them need to be more suitable for deployment on terminal devices of IoT. Therefore, we propose an anomaly network traffic detection model in this work LMCA, standing for Lightweight Model Integrating adjusted MobileNet and Coordinate Attention mechanism. Combining the adjusted MobileNet model and the coordinate attention mechanism, it constructs a lightweight anomaly network traffic detection model and effectively extracts traffic data's local, global, and spatial–temporal features, which would be easy to deploy on IoT terminals. LMCA has a small scale and good performance, making it suitable for IoT environments. Moreover, we use an original traffic feature extraction method to reduce redundant features and speed up neural network convergence. This work also solves a problem so that the original MobileNet model could perform better on a small dataset, extending the anomaly traffic detection for IoT. To simulate the IoT environment, we used the wired network dataset CICDS2017 and the wireless network dataset AWID. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed work outperforms other existing methods, the accuracy reached 99.96% on the CICIDS2017 dataset and 99.98% on the AWID dataset.
Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in China is comprised of two clades (termed, the Shandong and Liaoning clades). In order to clarify the genetic relationship between these two ...clades, we compared and analyzed the morphological characteristics and the mitochondrial genome of each, and performed a hybridization experiment. Morphological results showed that both males and females of the Liaoning clade were larger than Shandong clade, in terms of whole body, abdominal, wing and antennal lengths, however, there were no significant differences between clades for total length of the middle or hind leg of females. The length of the mitochondrial genome of the Shandong clade was 14415 bp and, for the Liaoning clade, it was 14804 bp. Each contained 31 genes, including 13 protein-encoded genes, 16 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The highest AT level among the 13 protein-coding genes for the two clades were the same gene (ATP8) (Shandong clade, 91.52%; Liaoning clade, 90.91%). By hybridization and backcrossing, we found that there was no cross incompatibility between these two clades of A. mali. Our results indicate that the historic geographical isolation between these clades has not yet caused reproductive isolation of these populations, and they belong to the same species.
•CRI can as sess anti-clogging ability of emitters using low-quality watersrapidly and accurately.•CRI can be predicted directly with two dimensionless structural emitter parameters•CRI do es not ...depend on water sources or working conditions.•CRI shows an accuracy of >86% in assessing the anti-clogging ability of flat emitters.
Drip irrigation is considered as one of the most suitable methods to utilize multiple low-quality water sources. However, the emitter clogging issue caused has become the main constraint for its application and promotion, which possibly leads to system failure if it becomes uncontrollably acute. How to select the anti-clogging emitter product precisely, in order to improve the system functionality and extend the service life, is the premise of increasing the sustainability of drip irrigation systems broadly used for agriculture and landscape irrigation. Therefore, drip irrigation emitter clogging experiments using three types of low-quality water sources (including water with high sediment and salinity loads and their mixture with the same volume ratio) were conducted. Under the fourteen working conditions included in the present study, the discharge variation rate (Dra), Christiansen coefficient of uniformity (CU) and emitter clogging substances (ECS) of the referenced emitter all showed linear correlations with the other eight types of emitters used in this paper, and the regression slopes were referred to as the anti-clogging relative index (CRI). The relative magnitudes of CRI_Dra, CRI_CU and CRI_ECS could effectively represent the anti-clogging abilities of different emitters. Instead of being affected by the different working conditions or water quality parameters, the differences in CRI were mainly due to the emitter structural characteristics. Two dimensionless parameters of emitter flow paths (W/D and A1/2/L) were significantly correlated to the relative magnitudes of CRI, and thus these two parameters directly allowed for assessing of the anti-clogging ability of emitters. The model established could provide an accurate method for the selection of anti-clogging drip emitter products in a rapid way, which is beneficial for the safe, high-efficiency and long-time running of the drip irrigation system using low-quality water sources.
Serine protease inhibitors (serpins) appear to be ubiquitous in almost all living organisms, with a conserved structure and varying functions. Serpins can modulate immune responses by negatively ...regulating serine protease activities strictly and precisely. The codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), a major invasive pest in China, can cause serious economic losses. However, knowledge of serpin genes in this insect remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of the serpin genes in C. pomonella, obtaining 26 serpins from the C. pomonella genome. Subsequently, their sequence features, evolutionary relationship, and expression pattern were characterized. Comparative analysis revealed the evolution of a number of serpin genes in Lepidoptera. Importantly, the evolutionary relationship and putative roles of serpin genes in C. pomonella were revealed. Additionally, selective pressure analysis found amino acid sites with strong evidence of positive selection. Interestingly, the serpin1 gene possessed at least six splicing isoforms with distinct reactive-center loops, and these isoforms were experimentally validated. Furthermore, we observed a subclade expansion of serpins, and these genes showed high expression in multiple tissues, suggesting their important roles in C. pomonella. Overall, this study will enrich our knowledge of the immunity of C. pomonella and help to elucidate the role of serpins in the immune response.
Human class I homeobox A13 (HOXA13) was initially identified as a transcription factor and has an important role in embryonic development and malignant transformation. However, the clinical ...significance and the molecular mechanisms of HOXA13 in colon cancer development and progression are still unknown. In this study, we found that HOXA13 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues, and its expression was associated with histological grade, T stage, N stage and tumour size. In vitro studies showed that HOXA13 promoted colon cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that HOXA13 expression was positively correlated with the WNT signalling pathway. In vitro studies showed that HOXA13 promoted the malignant phenotype of colon cancer cells by facilitating the nuclear translocation of β-Catenin. Moreover, XAV939, an inhibitor of β-Catenin, reversed the HOXA13-mediated effects on invasion and proliferation of colon cancer cells. In vivo studies further verified that HOXA13 promoted tumour formation through the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that HOXA13 is a potential oncogene that functions by promoting the nuclear translocation of β-Catenin, thereby maintaining the proliferation and metastasis of colon cancer.
•High expression of HOXA13 was closely associated with poor survival in colon cancer patients.•Overexpression of HOXA13 activated the Wnt signaling pathway via promoting the translocation of β-catenin from cytoplasm to nucleus.
RNA interference (RNAi) is an essential approach for studying gene function and has been considered as a promising strategy for pest control. However, RNAi method has not been conducted in Woolly ...apple aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann), one of the most damaging apple pests in the world. In the study, we investigated the efficacy of RNAi of V‐ATPase subunit D (ATPD), an efficacious target for RNAi in other insects, in E. lanigerum by a transdermal double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery system with nanocarriers. Our results showed although topical application of dsATPD in E. lanigerum for 24 h produced 40.5% gene silencing, the additional help of nanocarriers extremely improved the interference efficiency with 98.5% gene silencing. Moreover, a 55.75% mortality was observed 5 days after topical application of nanocarriers and dsATPD, relative to the control (topical application of nanocarriers and double‐stranded green fluorescent protein dsGFP). The nanocarrier‐based transdermal dsRNA delivery system will promote the development of functional analysis of vital genes and also provide a potential target for RNAi‐based management of E. lanigerum.
The expression levels of V‐ATPase subunit D (ATPD) in Eriosoma lanigerum treated by dsATPD without nanocarriers were not significant difference relative to the aphids treated by double‐stranded green fluorescent protein (dsGFP). The expression levels of ATPD in aphids treated by nanocarriers + dsATPD were significantly reduced. The nanocarriers improved the efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi) and established RNAi method in E. lanigerum.
Aphelinus mali (Haldeman) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in China is comprised of two clades (termed, the Shandong and Liaoning clades). In order to clarify the genetic relationship between these two ...clades, we compared and analyzed the morphological characteristics and the mitochondrial genome of each, and performed a hybridization experiment. Morphological results showed that both males and females of the Liaoning clade were larger than Shandong clade, in terms of whole body, abdominal, wing and antennal lengths, however, there were no significant differences between clades for total length of the middle or hind leg of females. The length of the mitochondrial genome of the Shandong clade was 14415 bp and, for the Liaoning clade, it was 14804 bp. Each contained 31 genes, including 13 protein-encoded genes, 16 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes. The highest AT level among the 13 protein-coding genes for the two clades were the same gene (ATP8) (Shandong clade, 91.52%; Liaoning clade, 90.91%). By hybridization and backcrossing, we found that there was no cross incompatibility between these two clades of A. mali. Our results indicate that the historic geographical isolation between these clades has not yet caused reproductive isolation of these populations, and they belong to the same species.
High-performance poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid-state polymer Li-batteries (SSLBs) at low temperature (≤ 25 ℃) is hindered by high interfacial resistance and low ionic conductivity. Herein, ...we simultaneously construct cathode and anode interface layers via in-situ heat-induced heterocyclic polymerization reaction, where the cathode-electrolyte interface layer (PPL) consists of bromine-doped poly (3,4-ethylene-dioxy-thiophene) (PEDOT), PEO and bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI), featuring with mixed ionic/electronic conduction, and the anode-electrolyte interface layer (PVCL) was formed by poly (vinyl carbonate) (PVC), PEO and LiTFSI, having a robust fast ionic conduction. Benefiting from the PEDOT conductivity, high mechanical strength of PVC and good interface affinity aroused by heat-induced reaction, the solid-state PEO-based LiFePO4||Li cell shows low interfacial resistance of 11.02 Ω that decreased by 92% compared to the cell without interface modification, and delivering a discharge capacity of 164.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C (25 ℃), as high as 115.9 mAh g−1 at 10 ℃. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the enrichment of LiF, Li3N and LiBr on the lithium metal surface after cycling, further enhancing stable cycling Li-batteries. The dual interface-constructed strategy provides a reliable way to resolve the bottle-neck interfacial issues of SSLBs.
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•In-situ construct heterocyclic polymer supported cathode/Li interface layers.•Heterocyclic polymers with outstanding ionic/electronic conduction.•Efficient ion transport regulator for dendrite-free lithium metal anode.•The cell interfacial resistance is decreased by 92.2% to 11.02 Ω.•Lowering the operating temperature of PEO-based Li-batteries from 60 ℃ to 10 °C.
The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua is a polyphagous caterpillar that causes serious damage to many species of crops and vegetables. To gain insight into how this polyphagous insect differs from less ...harmful oligophagous species, we generated a chromosome-level assembly and compared it to closely related species with the same or different feeding habits.
Based on Illumina and Pacific Biosciences data and Hi-C technology, 425.6 Mb of genome sequences were anchored and oriented into 31 linkage groups, with an N50 length of 14.8 Mb. A total of 24,649 gene models were predicted, of which 97.4% were identified in the genome assembly. Chemosensory genes are vital for locating food: of the four main families, odorant-binding proteins, chemosensory proteins and olfactory receptors showed little difference, whereas gustatory receptors are greatly expanded in S. exigua. Examination of other polyphagous insects confirmed this difference from oligophagous congeners and further identified the bitter receptor subfamily as being particularly affected.
Our high-quality genome sequence for beet armyworm identified a key expansion of the bitter gustatory receptor subfamily in this and other pests that differs crucially from more benign relatives and offers insight into the biology and possible future means of control for these economically important insects.
•425.6 Mb of genome sequences of Spodoptera exigua were anchored and oriented into 31 linkage groups with an N50 length of 14.8 Mb.•Gustatory receptors are greatly expanded in polyphagous insects including S. exigua compared with oligophagous insects.•The high quality of the genome assembly for beet armyworm identified a key expansion of the bitter gustatory receptor subfamily and gene annotation of the important Spodoptera species will provide a valuable resource for further study on the mechanism of carbohydrate of S. exigua and potential lineage specific target genes for pest control strategies.
