Using neutralized-hydrolysis and self-dissociate products of TiOSO4 as Ti sources respectively, the synthesis of ultra-fine barium titanate (BaTiO3) powders under wet chemical mixing-calcining ...process was studied. The structure of BaTiO3 powders were characterized by XRD, TG/DTG, ICP, Raman and SEM analysis. The powders were sintered into ceramics and the dielectric properties of the ceramics were also investigated by LCR meter. The results indicated that alcohol as BaCO3 crystal growth inhibitor promotes the formation of uniform precursors. Neutralized-hydrolysis products are more suitable for the production of fine BaTiO3 powders than self-dissociate products. Pure cubic phase BaTiO3 powders with average particle size 90 nm were synthesized after two hours calcinations at 700 oC. Tetragonal phase BaTiO3 powders prepared at 900 oC can be sintered into ceramics at 1230 oC with relative density 96.1%.The ceramic sintered at 1260 oC showed the best dielectric properties with average grain size 0.95 nm.
Sodium silicate water glass was modified with sodium polyacrylate as the binder, the composite slurry used for high-temperature oxidation-resistant coating was prepared by mixing glass powder with ...good lubrication properties in the binder. The properties of the modified binder and high-temperature oxidation resistance of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy coated with composite glass coating were studied by XRD, SEM, EDS, TG-DSC and so on. Results showed that sodium polyacrylate modified water glass could obviously improve the suspension stability of the binder, the pyrolytic carbon in the binder at high temperature could increase the surface tension in the molten glass system, and the composite glass coating could be smooth and dense after heating. Pyrolytic carbon diffused and combined with oxygen in the coating under the heating process to protect the titanium alloy from oxidation. The thickness of the oxide layer was reduced 51% after applying the high-temperature oxidation-resistant coating. The coating also showed a nearly 30% reduction in friction coefficient due to the boundary lubricant regime. During cooling, the coating could be peeled off easily because of the mismatched CTE between the coating and substrate.
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•Graphene enhanced methane yield (+25%) and production rate (+20%) in AD of ethanol.•Microbial structures of electro-active bacteria and archaea were revealed after AD.•Direct ...interspecies electron transfer (DIET) via graphene was established in AD.•DIET sustained much higher electron transfer flux than hydrogen transfer.
Interspecies electron transfer between bacteria and archaea plays a vital role in enhancing energy efficiency of anaerobic digestion (AD). Conductive carbon materials (i.e. graphene nanomaterial and activated charcoal) were assessed to enhance AD of ethanol (a key intermediate product after acidogenesis of algae). The addition of graphene (1.0g/L) resulted in the highest biomethane yield (695.0±9.1mL/g) and production rate (95.7±7.6mL/g/d), corresponding to an enhancement of 25.0% in biomethane yield and 19.5% in production rate. The ethanol degradation constant was accordingly improved by 29.1% in the presence of graphene. Microbial analyses revealed that electrogenic bacteria of Geobacter and Pseudomonas along with archaea Methanobacterium and Methanospirillum might participate in direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET). Theoretical calculations provided evidence that graphene-based DIET can sustained a much higher electron transfer flux than conventional hydrogen transfer.
Abstract
In order to solve the low frequency sound absorption problem of acoustic covering layer, the local resonant cavity covering layer is established. The geometric parameters and material ...parameters of the composite structure are taken as optimization variables, the maximum sound absorption coefficient in the frequency band of 10-2000Hz is taken as optimization objective, and the Nelder-Mead simplicated method was used as optimization method to optimize the established model. The optimization results show that the sound absorption coefficient of the composite structure is increased by 13% and 24% respectively after the optimization of geometric parameters and material parameters. The sound pressure level of the sound wave emitted into the water area is reduced by about 3dB after the optimization, and the power loss is equivalent to increasing by half. Therefore, the sound absorption performance is improved. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the design of acoustic coating.
As a member of the phospholipase family, phospholipase C beta 1 (
) is involved in phospholipid hydrolysis and is frequently upregulated in human cancer. However, little is known about the role of ...PLCB1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). In this study, we uncover a role for
in CCA progression and identify the underlying mechanisms. Both human CCA tissues and CCA cell lines expressed high levels of PLCB1. PLCB1 promoted tumor development and growth in various CCA mouse models, including transposon-based tumorigenesis models. PLCB1 activated PI3K/AKT signaling to induce CCA cells to undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, PABPC1 interacted with PLCB1 and PI3K to amplify PLCB1-mediated EMT via PI3K/AKT/GSK3β/Snail signaling. Ectopic PLCB1 induced resistance to treatment with gemcitabine combined with cisplatin, which could be reversed by the AKT inhibitor MK2206.
expression was regulated by miR-26b-5p through direct interaction with
3'UTR. Collectively, these data identify a PLCB1-PI3K-AKT signaling axis vital for CCA development and EMT, suggesting that AKT can be used as a therapeutic target to overcome chemotherapy resistance in CCA patients with high PLCB1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE:
functions as an oncogenic driver in cholangiocarcinoma development that confers an actionable therapeutic vulnerability to AKT inhibition.
The long‐term memory of the ocean makes sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) become a significant predictor for the subsequent atmosphere, and the tropical ocean is primarily regarded as a major ...source of atmospheric anomalies. While in North Pacific, the local midlatitude SSTAs also have large contributions but have not been adequately considered yet. We discover a strong connection between the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension (KOE) SSTAs in spring and the local atmospheric circulation anomalies in following summer at interannual timescale, wherein, the spring KOE SSTAs are generally independent of tropical ocean, and they are primarily induced by the concurrent atmospheric anomalies via surface heat flux and ocean dynamic processes. The spring KOE SSTAs can persist to summer, and then generate nearly reversed whole‐layer atmospheric circulation anomalies in their north side through both diabatic heating and atmospheric transient eddy forcing. Consequently, precipitation anomalies in Pan‐Pacific regions are distinctly modulated from spring to summer.
Plain Language Summary
Because of the vast heat‐holding capacity and the long‐term memory of ocean, sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) are usually taken as the significant factors to understand and predict climate anomalies. On interannual timescale, attentions have primarily centered on the tropical SSTAs, but recent studies indicated that the SSTAs in mid‐to‐high latitudes, especially in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension (KOE) could have important feedbacks on the atmosphere. In this study, the KOE SSTAs in spring are discovered to have large interannual variability, and they are independent of the tropical SSTAs but closely linked to the subsequent summer atmospheric anomalies. It is found that the spring KOE SSTAs are mainly forced by the atmosphere via the surface heat flux and the ocean dynamic processes. In turn, they can persist to summer, and then play a dominant role in the air‐sea interaction in North Pacific, inducing remarkable geopotential height anomalies in north side. Consequently, in terms of the KOE SSTAs evolving from spring to summer, the Pan‐Pacific precipitation anomalies are distinctly modulated due to the opposite air‐sea interaction processes in the two seasons. These findings advocate for the use of springtime KOE SSTAs as a predictive indicator for following summer atmospheric and precipitation conditions.
Key Points
The spring Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension (KOE) sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) are independent of tropical ocean and primarily forced by the concurrent local atmosphere at interannual timescale
The spring KOE SSTAs can persist to summer and exert a delayed cross‐season impact on the subsequent summer atmosphere
Associated with the spring KOE SSTAs, precipitation anomalies in Pan‐Pacific regions are distinctly modulated from spring to summer
The tumour microenvironment (TME) is a crucial mediator of cancer progression and therapeutic outcome. The TME subtype correlates with patient response to immunotherapy in multiple cancers. Most ...previous studies have focused on the role of different cellular components in the TME associated with immunotherapy efficacy. However, the specific structure of the TME and its role in immunotherapy efficacy remain largely unknown.
We combined spatial transcriptomics with single-cell RNA-sequencing and multiplexed immunofluorescence to identify the specific spatial structures in the TME that determine the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) receiving anti-PD-1 treatment.
We identified a tumour immune barrier (TIB) structure, a spatial niche composed of SPP1+ macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) located near the tumour boundary, which is associated with the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. Furthermore, we dissected ligand‒receptor networks among malignant cells, SPP1+ macrophages, and CAFs; that is, the hypoxic microenvironment promotes SPP1 expression, and SPP1+ macrophages interact with CAFs to stimulate extracellular matrix remodelling and promote TIB structure formation, thereby limiting immune infiltration in the tumour core. Preclinically, the blockade of SPP1 or macrophage-specific deletion of Spp1 in mice led to enhanced efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment in mouse liver cancer, accompanied by reduced CAF infiltration and increased cytotoxic T-cell infiltration.
We identified that the TIB structure formed by the interaction of SPP1+ macrophages and CAFs is related to immunotherapy efficacy. Therefore, disruption of the TIB structure by blocking SPP1 may be considered a relevant therapeutic approach to enhance the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockade in HCC.
Only a limited number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) benefit from tumour immunotherapy, which significantly hinders its application. Herein, we used multiomics to identify the spatial structure of the tumour immune barrier (TIB), which is formed by the interaction of SPP1+ macrophages and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the HCC microenvironment. This structure constrains immunotherapy efficacy by limiting immune cell infiltration into malignant regions. Preclinically, we revealed that blocking SPP1 or macrophage-specific deletion of Spp1 in mice could destroy the TIB structure and sensitize HCC cells to immunotherapy. These results provide the first key steps towards finding more effective therapies for HCC and have implications for physicians, scientists, and drug developers in the field of HCC.
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•Integration of multi-omics was used to identify a TIB (tumour immune barrier) structure in the HCC microenvironment.•This TIB structure contributes to the efficacy of immunotherapy.•SPP1+ macrophages and CAFs interact to promote the formation of the TIB structure and limit immune infiltration of tumours.•Blockade of SPP1 or macrophage-specific deletion of Spp1 in mice can destroy the TIB structure and sensitize HCC to immunotherapy.
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