The confined surface plasmon of fundamental wave and second harmonic wave (SHW) are investigated in graphene grating structure. The linear-optical absorption spectra with various fermi energy and ...carrier mobility are investigated with the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations and coupled mode theory (CMT). Based on the CMT, a theoretical model for the graphene grating is established to study the spectrum features of fundamental wave. The lifetimes of linear-optical resonant modes in theoretical model are investigated through the theoretical fitting of exact values in simulation, which are tunable with both the fermi energy and carrier mobility. We also have investigated the second-order nonlinearity of graphene grating by introducing the second-order nonlinear source. The proposed configuration and method are useful for research of the absorption, local field enhancement factor, lifetime of light, and nonlinear optical processes in highly integrated graphene photoelectric devices.
Oxidative stress (OS) response is crucial in oncogenesis and progression of tumor. But the potential prognostic importance of OS-related genes (OSRGs) in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) lacked ...comprehensive study. STAD clinical information and transcriptome data were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. The prognostic OSRGs were filtered
via
the univariate Cox analysis and OSRG-based molecular subtypes of STAD were developed using consensus clustering. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was subsequently conducted to filter molecular subtype-associated gene modules. The prognosis-related genes were screened
via
univariate and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis were used to construct a prognostic risk signature. Finally, a decision tree model and nomogram were developed by integrating risk signature and clinicopathological characteristics to analyze individual STAD patient’s survival. Four OSRG-based molecular subtypes with significant diversity were developed based on 36 prognostic OSRGs for STAD, and an OSRGs-based subtype-specific risk signature with eight genes for prognostic prediction of STAD was built. Survival analysis revealed a strong prognostic performance of the risk signature exhibited in predicting STAD survival. There were significant differences in mutation patterns, chemotherapy sensitivity, clinicopathological characteristics, response to immunotherapy, biological functions, immune microenvironment, immune cell infiltration among different molecular subtypes and risk groups. The risk score and age were verified as independent risk factors for STAD, and a nomogram integrating risk score and age was established, which showed superior predictive performance for STAD prognosis. We developed an OSRG-based molecular subtype and identified a novel risk signature for prognosis prediction, providing a useful tool to facilitate individual treatment for patients with STAD.
Background
Iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 (
ISCA1
) has a significant effect on respiratory complexes and energy metabolism. Although there is some evidence that
ISCA1
gene expression impacts energy ...metabolism and consequently has a role in tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis in different types of malignancies, no systematic pan-cancer study of the
ISCA1
has been conducted. As a result, we sought to investigate
ISCA1
’s predictive value in 33 cancer types as well as its possible immunological function.
Methods
We included the pan-cancer expression profile dataset and clinical data from the public database. Firstly, the single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEa) approach was employed for analyzing the immune link in pan-cancer, while the limma package was utilized for analyzing the differential expression in cancer species. Subsequently, ciberport, MCP-counter, TIMER2, quanTIseq, and xCELL were employed for analyzing bladder cancer (BLCA)’s immune infiltration. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) were employed for choosing the best gene to develop the immune risk scoring model.
Results
ISCA1
gene expression was positively related to four immune signatures (chemokine, immunostimulator, MHC, and receptor) in BLCA. Samples of BLCA were sorted into two groups by the best cut-off of
ISCA1
expression degree. The group with a high level of
ISCA1
expression had a higher risk, suggesting that the ISC
A1
gene was a risk factor in BLCA, and its high expression resulted in a poorer prognosis. Additionally, it was noted that
ISCA1
was positively linked with these immune checkpoints. Moreover, there was a considerable positive link between
ISCA1
and different immune properties in subgroups with different immune checkpoint inhibiting responses. Finally, an immune risk scoring model was made and it showed a better score in comparison to that of TIDE.
Conclusion
ISCA1
can be a prognostic marker for a variety of cancers, particularly BLCA. Its high level of expression has a deleterious impact on the prognosis of BLCA patients. This strongly shows that
ISCA1
is a significant prognostic factor for BLCA and that it could be used as a new prognostic detection target and treatment approach.
A bright–bright coupling mode Plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) system composedof two Dirac semimetal blocks (DSBs) with different sizes is proposed in this paper. The electromagnetic mechanism of ...this PIT system and its modulation property at mid-infrared band is analyzed by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Numerical results show that the transparent window, transparent peak and quality factor can be precisely controlled by the geometric parameters of the PIT system, the Fermi energy (EF) of the DSB and refractive index (RI) of the superstrate. The advantage of DSBs grating structure is that its permitivity functions can be adjusted handily by EF through doping or bias voltage. Compared to the PIT system based on bulk Dirac semimetals, our proposed PIT system has much smaller structure size and wider tunability. The resonant frequency of the transparent peak can shift from 17.59 THz to 34.79 THz when EF changing from 40 meV to 80 meV. The second-order nonlinearity of this DSBs system is also investigated by introducing the second-order nonlinear source. This developed Dirac semimetal PIT structure may pave the way to the development of novel THz active devices for light modulation devices, switches, biosensors and other mid-infrared devices.
The growing interest in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has encouraged researchers to focus on their nonlinear optical properties, such as harmonic generation (HG), which has potential for ...fundamental science and applications. HG is a nonlinear phenomenon used to study low-dimensional physics and has applications in bioimaging, optical signal processing, and novel coherent light sources. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art advances of HG in atomically-thin TMDs and their heterostructures. Different factors affecting the HG in TMDs such as strain, electric gating, excitonic resonance, phase and edge modulation, and valley-induced HG are discussed with a particular emphasis on the HG in heterostructure van der Waals TMDs. Moreover, we discuss the enhancement of HG in TMDs by incorporating cavities and nanostructures including the bound states in the continuum with extreme Q-factor. This work provides a concise summary of recent progress in engineering HG in atomically-thin TMDs and their heterostructures and a compact reference for researchers entering the field.
Hypoxia is a very common adverse event that occurs during gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation, especially in older patients, owing to limited reservation of heart, brain, lung, and other ...organs. Prolonged or severe hypoxia can cause ischemia of the coronary artery and permanent nervous system damage, and even result in death. Hence, it is imperative to reduce or prevent hypoxia during gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation in older patients. Although several oxygen delivery methods would reduce hypoxia during this procedure, early detection of respiratory depression and early administration of intervention would be the best method to reduce or even confirm the hypoxia. Capnographic monitoring is reportedly more sensitive for detecting respiratory depression before the onset of hypoxia than the current clinical routine monitoring of pulse oxygen saturation; however, its effect is controversial. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to improve the safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation in older patients.
A multicenter, randomized, single-blind, two-arm parallel-group, controlled with an active comparator, interventional superiority clinical trial will be conducted to evaluate the impact of an additional capnographic monitoring-based intervention on the incidence of hypoxia in older patients. Patients (n = 1800) scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy with propofol sedation will be randomly assigned to either a control or interventional arm, wherein standard or capnographic monitoring is implemented, respectively.
This study primarily aims to examine whether an additional capnographic monitoring-based intervention can reduce the incidence of hypoxia in older patients during gastrointestinal endoscopy under propofol and sufentanil sedation. The results of this study may extensively impact gastrointestinal endoscopy under sedation and the development of associated guidelines.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05030870. Registered on September 1, 2021.
We investigated the field enhancement and lifetime of tuning surface plasmon in zero-thickness nanostructured graphene patches. The graphene surface plasmon (GSP) resonance mechanism mainly ...originates from the contribution, that the periodical structure can provide strong coupling of GSP modes into the incident light field, which can enhance GSP resonance and the local field. And consequently, it facilitates the tuning of the patch modes by changing Fermi energy, carrier mobility, and superstrate refractive index, respectively. We can control precisely the resonant wavelengths, field enhancement, and lifetime of the patch GSP modes by using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation and coupled mode theory (CMT). The sensitivity is described by varying the refractive index of the superstrate. The theoretical descriptions and data fitting of lifetime of GSP modes are useful for graphene application.
The double lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) is the most widely-used device for single lung ventilation in current thoracic anesthesia practice. In recent years, the routine application of the ...videolaryngoscope for single lumen endotracheal intubation has increased; nevertheless there are few studies of the use of the videolaryngoscope for DLT. We wondered whether there were benefits to using the videolaryngoscope for DLT placement in patients with predicted normal airways. Therefore, this study was designed to compare the performances of the GlideScope®, the C-MAC®(D) videolaryngoscope and the Macintosh laryngoscope in DLT intubation.
This was a randomized, controlled, prospective study. We randomly allocated 90 adult patients with predicted normal airways into three groups. All patients underwent routine anesthesia using different laryngoscopes according to group allocation. We compared DLT insertion times, first-pass success rates, numerical rating scales (NRS) of DLT delivery and DLT insertion, Cormack-Lehane degrees (C/L), hemodynamic changes and incidences of intubation complications. All outcomes were analyzed using SPSS13.0.
Compared with the GlideScope, the Macintosh gave shorter times for DLT insertion (median: 96 (IQR: 51 min-max: 62-376 s vs 73 (26 48-419 s, p = 0.003); however, there was no difference between the Macintosh and C-MAC(D) (p = 0.610). The Macintosh had a significantly higher successful first attempt rate than did the GlideScope or C-MAC(D) (p = 0.001, p = 0.028, respectively). NRS of DLT delivery and insertion were significantly lower in the Macintosh than in the others (p < 0.001). However, the C/L degree in the Macintosh was significantly higher than in the others (p < 0.001). The incidences of oral bleeding, hoarseness, sore throat and dental trauma were low in all groups (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in DLT misplacement, fiberoptic time or hemodynamic changes among the groups.
Compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, the GlideScope® and C-MAC®(D) videolaryngoscopes may not be recommended as the first choice for routine DLT intubation in patients with predicted normal airways.
The study was prospectively registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (no. ChiCTR1900025718); principal investigator: Z.L.H.; date of registration: September 6, 2019.
We investigate a framework of local field, quality factor and lifetime for tunable graphene nanoribbon plasmonic-photonic absorbers and study the second order and third order nonlinear optical ...response of surface plasmons. The energy exchange of plasmonic-photonic absorber occurs in two main ways: one way is the decay process of intrinsic loss for each resonant mode and another is the decay process of energy loss between graphene surface plasmon (GSP) mode and the external light field. The quality factor and lifetime of the plasmonic-photonic absorber can be obtained with using the coupled mode theory (CMT) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, which are effectively tunable with changing Fermi energy, carrier mobility and superstrate refractive index. The evolutions of total energy and lifetime of GSP are also shown, which are helpful for the study of micro processes in a two-dimensional material plasmonic-photonic absorber. The strongly localized fundamental field induces a desired increase of second harmonic (SH) wave and third harmonic (TH) wave. The manipulation of the quality factor and lifetime of the GSP makes graphene an excellent platform for tunable two-dimensional material plasmonic-photonic devices to realize the active control of the photoelectric/photothermal energy conversion process and higher harmonic generation.
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