This study analyzes the relationship of alexithymia, childhood trauma, and body investment to non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder and whether they have ...predictive and diagnostic value for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors in adolescents with depressive disorder.
A total of 225 patients with a diagnosis of adolescent depressive disorder were included in the study and were divided into two groups according to the DSM-5 criteria: 98 cases without NSSI and 127 cases with NSSI. Compare the demographic data, 24-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD-24), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and Body Investment Scale (BIS) scores between two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors contributing to NSSI behaviors in adolescents with depression, and establish four predictive models. Based on the models' predictive probability, the ROC curves were plotted to calculate the value of the predictive diagnostic effect.
The group without NSSI had lower scores than the group with NSSI on HAMD-24 total score, TAS-20 total score, difficulty identifying feelings, difficulty describing feelings, and externally focused thinking, as well as lower scores on CTQ-SF total score, physical neglect, emotional neglect, physical abuse, and emotional abuse. In contrast, the BIS total score, body image feelings and attitudes, body care, and body protection factor scores were higher for the group without NSSI. The BIS body care factor score and the CTQ-SF emotional abuse factor score were significantly linked with adolescents diagnosed with depressive disorder who exhibited NSSI behaviors. These results provide a good diagnostic model for adolescents with depressive disorder.
Low levels of body care and childhood emotional abuse may independently contribute to the implementation of NSSI in adolescents with depressive disorder. Body investment and childhood trauma are valuable in diagnosing and predicting NSSI behaviors and should be considered as potentially important factors in clinical treatment.
The factors related to psychological sub-health (PSH) have been widely described, but the research on the mechanism behind the complex relationship between childhood trauma and PSH is limited. This ...study investigated the current situation and risk factors of PSH among Chinese adolescents. And further, explore whether Internet addiction (IA) plays a potential mediating effect in childhood trauma and PSH.
The study was conducted in October 2020 in Anhui Province, China. The PSH state of 866 adolescents was investigated, including demographic information such as gender, age, and grade. Childhood trauma, IA, and PSH were measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form (CTQ-SF), Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA). The mediating effect is further verified by the structural equation model (SEM).
In this study, 866 adolescents were selected as subjects, and the proportion of male and female is roughly equal. The prevalence of PSH in adolescents was 25.8%, and left-behind children, boarding, or adolescents who have had non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are more likely to have PSH. Through the mediation test, the direct effect of childhood trauma on PSH was 0.23 (95% CI 4.91,9.00,p <0.001), and the mediating effect of IA on childhood trauma and PSH was 0.07 (95% CI 1.42, 3.32,p <0.001). and the proportion of them is 75.14% and 24.86% respectively.
Childhood trauma has direct and indirect effects on PSH, and IA plays a mediating effect in the indirect effect. Therefore, clarifying these relationships helps formulate and implement effective interventions to improve psychological health (PH) in Chinese adolescents.
Background
Adolescents are at high risk of Internet addiction (IA). Previous studies have shown that the occurrence of IA may be associated with childhood trauma and social support to varying ...degrees. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of IA in adolescents. Further, to explore the potential mediating role of social support in childhood trauma and IA. This study provides theoretical support for future interventions targeting IA in adolescents.
Methods
This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT) were used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey among randomly selected adolescents aged less than 18 years old in two cities in southern Anhui Province. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to test the correlation between IA and other variables. A binary logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of IA. Multiple regression models were examined with process macro and bootstrapping to confirm significant mediating effects.
Results
A total of 844 adolescents, equally divided between males and females, participated in this study, and the prevalence of IA in the region was 23.0%. Through the mediation test, the direct effect of childhood trauma on IA was 0.20 (95% CI 0.12, 0.27,
p
< 0.001), and the mediating effect of social support on childhood trauma and IA was 0.09 (95% CI 0.06, 0.14).
Conclusion
The study showed that childhood trauma significantly affected the incidence of IA in adolescents. Social support had a significant mediating effect on childhood trauma and IA and attenuated its negative effects.
The factors associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) of adolescents have been widely researched. However, the underlying mechanism of the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI is ...limited. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for NSSI among Chinese adolescents. Our hypothesis was that psychological sub-health (PSH) played a mediating role between childhood trauma and NSSI. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Multidimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescent, and the self-report NSSI were used to measure childhood trauma, PSH, and NSSI. Structural equation model (SEM) was performed to verify our hypothesis. The results showed that 33.9% of the participants in our survey had engaged in NSSI in the past year. Adolescents who were left-behind children or in primary schools were more likely to engage in NSSI. Additionally, 56.2% of the participants had moderate to severe childhood trauma, and 26.1% of the participants had PSH. Furthermore, childhood trauma and PSH would increase the risk of NSSI by 2 times (B = 0.79,
< 0.01) and 5 times (B = 1.64,
< 0.01), respectively. SEM was established (
= 0.512) and the goodness-of-fit indices were examined (CMIN/DF = 0.892; GFI = 0.997; AGFI = 0.992; NFI = 0.991; RFI = 0.980; IFI = 1.00; TLI = 1.00; CFI = 1.00; RMSEA < 0.001). The SEM indicated that childhood trauma positively predicted NSSI both directly and indirectly through PSH. PSH has been confirmed to have partial mediating effects between childhood trauma and NSSI. The assessment of PSH may be an operable and effective method to screen and predict NSSI. Meanwhile, the intervention of childhood trauma and PSH may effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of NSSI among adolescents.
In order to meet the needs of ultrasonic in industrial detection, an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver circuit based on STM32 is designed. The transmitting circuit is controlled by the optocoupler ...control isolation circuit and the MOSFET drive circuit to generate high-voltage excitation pulses to drive the ultrasonic transducer; the receiving circuit which achieves Processing of ultrasonic echo signals includes a limiter circuit, a preamplifier circuit, a Butterworth band-pass filter circuit and an automatic gain circuit, etc The actual test shows that the ultrasonic excitation signal generated by the system has the characteristics of low noise and steep waveform. The processed echo signal is clear, the system performance is good and the structure is simple, stable and reliable.
Aggression in schizophrenia patients is an issue of concern. Previous studies have shown that aggression in schizophrenia patients may be related to insomnia and quality of life to different extents. ...This study aimed to explore the potential mediating role of quality of life in the relationship between aggression and insomnia among schizophrenia patients. Demographic factors affecting aggression in schizophrenia patients were also explored.
A total of 781 stable patients aged 18–75 who met the ICD10 diagnosis of “schizophrenia” completed the completed questionnaire. Aggression was assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS), sleep was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index Scale (ISI), and quality of life was assessed using the five Likert options. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis examined the correlation between aggression and other variables. The mediating role of quality of life in the association between insomnia and aggression was examined by pathway analysis.
A total of 781 patients participated in this study, and approximately 16 % of the schizophrenia patients were aggressive. According to the mediation analysis, the direct effect of insomnia on aggression was 0.147, and the mediating effect of quality of life on insomnia and aggression was 0.021. Specifically, for the four dimensions of the MOAS, the direct effects of insomnia on verbal aggression, aggression toward property, and aggression toward oneself were 0.028, 0.032, and 0.023, respectively, with mediating effects of 0.003, 0.007, and 0.006, respectively, and no mediating effect on physical aggression was found.
This study showed that insomnia significantly influenced aggression in schizophrenia patients. Quality of life significantly mediated insomnia and aggression and played a vital role in moderating aggression. Therefore, we suggest that in the future, improving aggression in schizophrenia patients, while paying attention to the importance of sleep, could start with improving quality of life to address this problem from multiple perspectives.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a member of the transcription CDK subfamily. In this work, we preliminarily demonstrated the feasibility of CDK9 as a potent target of treatment for colorectal ...cancer, and a series of novel CDK9 inhibitors were rationally designed and synthesized based on the structure of AZD5438 (a pan CDKs inhibitor reported by AstraZeneca). A novel selective CDK9 inhibitor named CLZX-205, which possessed significant CDK9 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 2.9 nM) with acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo, was developed. Research on the mechanism indicated that CLZX-205 could induce apoptosis in the HCT116 cell line by inhibiting phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II at Ser2, which resulted in the inhibition of apoptosis-related genes and proteins expression, and these results were validated at the cellular and tumor tissue levels. Currently, CLZX-205 is undergoing further research as a promising candidate for CRC treatment.
Unauthorized covert voice recording brings a remarkable threat to privacy-sensitive scenarios, such as confidential meetings and private conversations. Due to the miniaturization and disguise ...characteristics, hidden voice recorders are difficult to be noticed in their surroundings. In this paper, we present DeHiREC, the first proof-of-concept system that can detect offline hidden voice recorders from their electromagnetic radiations (EMR). We first characterize the unique patterns of the emanated EMR signals and then locate the EMR source, i.e., the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) module embedded in the mixed signal system-on-chips (MSoCs). Since these unintentional EMR signals can be extremely noisy and weak, accurately detecting them can be challenging. To address this challenge, we first design an EMR Catalyzing method to stimulate the EMR signals actively and then employ an adaptive-folding algorithm to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensed EMRs. Once the sensed EMR variation corresponds to our active stimulation, we can determine that there exists a hidden voice recorder. We evaluate the performance of DeHiREC on 13 commercial voice recorders under various impacts, including interference from other devices. Experimental results reveal that DeHiREC is effective in detecting all 13 voice recorders and achieves an overall success rate of 92.17% and a recall rate of 86.14% at a distance of 0.2 m.
Adolescence has always been a period prone to behavior problems. Some studies have shown that left-behind experience, social support, and sleep quality are all crucial factors influencing behavior ...problems, but the mechanisms of how they are influenced are unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of behavior problems among school-aged adolescents and explored the mediating role of social support and sleep quality in the association between left-behind experience and behavior problems.
A total of 738 school adolescent students completed this questionnaire. We collected basic information about the participants using a general demographic scale and assessed their sleep quality, social support, and behavioral problems using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scale, Social Support Rating Scale, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The multiple mediating effects of sleep quality and social support were examined by path analysis.
Among 738 school-aged adolescent students who completed the survey, a total of 198 students had behavior problems, with an overall prevalence of 26.8%. In the multiple mediation model, the mediation effect of social support and sleep quality on left-behind experience to behavior problems was 56.7% (direct effect: standardized estimate=0.946, indirect effect: standardized estimate=1.239). The model was a saturated model, and fit was no longer considered.
We found that social support and sleep quality had a series of multiple mediating effects in the pathway from left-behind experience to behavior problems, and both significantly moderated behavior problems. Therefore, we suggest that we should pay more attention to students' psychological status and improve their use of social support for left-behind adolescents, in addition to giving more external social support. And paying attention to their sleep problems to reduce the occurrence of behavior problems, considering that their psychological development is not mature.
The illicit use of spy cameras poses a significant threat to scenarios where privacy is paramount, such as in hotel rooms and home rentals. Owing to advancements in miniaturization and camouflage ...techniques, these covert cameras have become increasingly difficult for victims to detect in their surroundings. In this paper, we introduce a proof-of-concept system called CamDetector, designed to identify spy cameras based on their electromagnetic (EM) radiations. Our initial step involves characterizing the EM radiation emitted by cameras. We then uncover the shared pattern stemming from the signal coupling on the CSI cable, which can be used to detect hidden cameras. We use USRP B200 mini and Raspberry Pi 4 to build the prototype and proceed to assess the performance on 6 commercially available small cameras. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of CamDetectorwith an average accuracy of 90.08% and a recall of 88.21% at a distance of 0.4m. Moreover, our evaluation based on user involvement confirmed that CamDetector can achieve 85% accuracy in an 18 m^{2} room, with an average time of 16.9 minutes.
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