Lump solutions are analytical rational function solutions localized in all directions in space. We analyze a class of lump solutions, generated from quadratic functions, to nonlinear partial ...differential equations. The basis of success is the Hirota bilinear formulation and the primary object is the class of positive multivariate quadratic functions. A complete determination of quadratic functions positive in space and time is given, and positive quadratic functions are characterized as sums of squares of linear functions. Necessary and sufficient conditions for positive quadratic functions to solve Hirota bilinear equations are presented, and such polynomial solutions yield lump solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations under the dependent variable transformations u=2(lnf)x and u=2(lnf)xx, where x is one spatial variable. Applications are made for a few generalized KP and BKP equations.
Carbon dots (CDs) have tremendous potential applications in bioimaging, biomedicine, and optoelectronics. By far, it is still difficult to produce photoluminescence (PL) tunable CDs with high quantum ...yield (QY) across the entire visible spectrum and narrow the emission peak widths of CDs close to those of typical quantum dots. In this work, a series of CDs with tunable emission from 443 to 745 nm, quantum yield within 13–54%, and narrowed full width at half maximum (FWHM) from 108 to 55 nm, are obtained by only adjusting the reaction solvents in a one‐pot solvothermal route. The distinct optical features of these CDs are based on their differences in the particle size, and the content of graphitic nitrogen and oxygen‐containing functional groups, which can be modulated by controlling the dehydration and carbonization processes during solvothermal reactions. Blue, green, yellow, red, and even pure white light emitting films (Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE)= 0.33, 0.33, QY = 39%) are prepared by dispersing one or three kinds of CDs into polyvinyl alcohol with appropriate ratios. The near‐infrared emissive CDs are excellent fluorescent probes for both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging because of their high QY in water, long‐term stability, and low cytotoxicity.
A solvent‐engineered approach to obtain photoluminescent carbon dots (CDs) with tunable emission from 443 to 745 nm, quantum yield within 13–54%, and narrowed full width at half maximum from 108 to 55 nm is reported. The resulting CDs can be potentially applied in the fabrication of full‐color light‐emitting films and in bioimaging both in vitro and in vivo.
Severe influenza remains unusual in its virulence for humans. Complications or ultimately death arising from these infections are often associated with hyperinduction of proinflammatory cytokine ...production, which is also known as ＇cytokine storm＇. For this disease, it has been proposed that immunomodulatory therapy may improve the outcome, with or without the combination of antiviral agents. Here, we review the current literature on how various effectors of the immune system initiate the cytokine storm and exacerbate pathological damage in hosts. We also review some of the current immunomodulatory strategies for the treatment of cytokine storms in severe influenza, including corticosteroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, sphingosine-l-phosphate receptor 1 agonists, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, antioxidants, anti-tumour-necrosis factor therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, statins, arbidol, herbs, and other potential therapeutic strategies.
AbstractWe, the Editor and Publisher of the Journal Of Experimental Nanoscience, have retracted the following article, which is part of the Special Issue titled Current Perspectives in Carbon ...Nanotechnology:Yuan Zhou (2023) Preparation of a carbon-based nanomaterial and its influence on construction engineering, Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 18:1, DOI: 10.1080/17458080.2023.2185900Following publication, concerns were raised about the peer review and decision-making processes for this special issue.After an investigation by the Taylor & Francis Publishing Ethics & Integrity team, in full cooperation with the Editor-in-Chief, it was confirmed that the article was not reviewed appropriately, in line with the Journal’s peer review standards and policy.As the stringency of the peer review process is core to the integrity of the publication process, the Editor and Publisher have decided to retract the article. The authors have been informed of this decision.We have been informed in our decision-making by our editorial policies and the COPE guidelines.The retracted articles will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but they will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’.
There is a growing interest in quantitative analysis of large corpora among the international relations (IR) scholars, but many of them find it difficult to perform analysis consistently with ...existing theoretical frameworks using unsupervised machine learning models to further develop the field. To solve this problem, we created a set of techniques that utilize a semisupervised model that allows researchers to classify documents into predefined categories efficiently. We propose a dictionary making procedure to avoid inclusion of words that are likely to confuse the model and deteriorate the its classification performance classification accuracy using a new entropy-based diagnostic tool. In our experiments, we classify sentences of the United Nations General Assembly speeches into six predefined categories using the seeded Latent Dirichlet allocation and Newsmap, which were trained with a small “seed word dictionary” that we created following the procedure. The result shows that, while keyword dictionary can only classify 25% of sentences, Newsmap can classify over 60% of them accurately correctly and; its accuracy exceeds 70% when contextual information is taken into consideration by kernel smoothing of topic likelihoods. We argue that once seed word dictionaries are created by the international relations community, semisupervised models would become more useful than unsupervised models for theory-driven text analysis.
Autophagy refers to a lysosomal degradative pathway or a process of self-cannibalization. This pathway maintains nutrients levels for vital cellular functions during periods of starvation and it ...provides cells with survival advantages under various stress situations. However, the mechanisms responsible for the induction and regulation of autophagy are poorly understood. The c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signal transduction pathway functions to induce defence mechanisms that protect organisms against acute oxidative and xenobiotic insults. This pathway has also been repeatedly linked to the molecular events involved in autophagy regulation. The present review will focus on recent advances in understanding of the relationship between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/JNK signalling and autophagic cell death.
Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles secreted from many types of cells. Carrying functional molecules, exosomes transfer information between cells and mediate many physiological and pathological ...processes. In this report, utilizing selective inhibitors, molecular tools, and specific endocytosis markers, the cellular uptake of PC12 cell-derived exosomes was imaged by high-throughput microscopy and statistically analyzed. It was found that the uptake was through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis. Furthermore, PC12 cell-derived exosomes can enter and deliver microRNAs (miRNAs) into bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs), and decrease the expression level of transforming growth factor β receptor II (TGFβRII) and tropomyosin-1 (TPM1) through miR-21. These results show the pathway of exosome internalization and demonstrate that tumor cell-derived exosomes regulate target gene expression in normal cells.
Safe, reliable, and economic hydrogen storage is a bottleneck for large-scale hydrogen utilization. In this paper, hydrogen storage methods based on the ambient temperature compressed gaseous ...hydrogen (CGH2), liquid hydrogen (LH2) and cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH2) are analyzed. There exists the optimal states, defined by temperature and pressure, for hydrogen storage in CcH2 method. The ratio of the hydrogen density obtained to the electrical energy consumed exhibits a maximum value at the pressures above 15 MPa. The electrical energy consumed consists of compression and cooling down processes from 0.1 MPa at 300 K to the optimal states. The recommended parameters for hydrogen storage are at 35–110 K and 5–70 MPa regardless of ortho-to parahydrogen conversion. The corresponding hydrogen density at the optimal states range from 60.0 to 71.5 kg m−3 and the ratio of the hydrogen density obtained to the electrical energy consumed ranges from 1.50 to 2.30 kg m−3 kW−1. While the ortho-to para-hydrogen conversion is considered, the optimal states move to a slightly higher temperatures comparing to calculations without ortho-to para-hydrogen conversion.
•Optimal states are proposed for cryo-compressed hydrogen storage.•Ratio of hydrogen density obtained to electrical energy consumed exhibits a maximum.•With ortho-to para-hydrogen conversion, optimal states move to higher temperatures.
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